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The recent violence linked to drug trafficking in Mexico has been dealt with by the federal government by increasing police presence on the streets and involving the army in public safety activities. This has not decreased violencebut has increased cases of human rights violation, and the capabilities of non-regulated surveillance and monitoring of the population. Thus, the new internal security law suggests that the police and the army will be able to "develop intelligence activities" by "any information gathering method." They will also be able to require information from other authorities that they consider necessary to ensure "constitutional order," as well as the "continuity" and "survival" of State institutions. The law has generated a wide public debate that contrasts two competing discourses.

The paper reflects on Pakistan's complex security situation and the causes of current challenges that Pakistan is facing due to vacillating foreign policies. It also reviews the role of factors that contributed towards the instability of the country. After Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Pakistan involved in a proxy war and trained Mujahideen to liberate Afghanistan. In 1980's sectarianism floored the state, and since it has rooted in Pakistani society. The country brokered several Post-Soviet peace agreements between different militaristic groups in Afghanistan but in vain. Finally, it recognized Taliban for the cause of peace (though temporary) on its Western border. After 9/11 the country had to reluctantly take a "U" turn on its Afghan policy under immense US pressure. This swing of policy opened a Pandora-box for the country i.e. terrorism, Jihadist, ethnicity, sectarianism, economic and political instability in Pakistan. In this state of affairs corruption, deteriorating law and order situation, political instability and economic fragility, variables of internal security, act as key factors in a peaceful solution of conflicts.

This introduction argues for a new research agenda on European internal security cooperation from the perspective of public goods. We set out our case in three parts. First, we identify new empirical puzzles and demonstrate significant explanatory gaps in the existing internal security literature which public goods theory could help address. Second, we outline the building blocks of a public goods approach and provide an overview of its application, both existing and potentially, in various areas of regional security and European integration. Third, we present three complementary ways of using public goods theory to analyse internal security in the European Union, with the aim of spurring new research questions while accepting some limitations of this theoretical approach.

This article analyses the modes of governance through which the EU seeks to ensure the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) countries' participation in the realization of its internal security project. Although the EU, given the strong interde- pendence in these 'soft security' issues, has strong incentives to govern by conditionality in order to ensure the ENP countries' compliance, efforts to transfer policies by such hierarchical means encounter serious limitations as a result of lack of supranational competence and insufficient incentives that the EU can offer third countries to compen- sate for adaptation costs. By comparing Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) issues with different degrees of communitarization and representing different constellations of interests in relations with ENP countries, we find that the EU increasingly focuses on the extension of internal transgovernmental networks as an alternative form of external governance. Although theoretically allowing for horizontal patterns of co-owned coop- eration, the integrative potential of these networks is hampered by the lack of mutual trust and institutional incompatibilities in ENP countries. As a result, extended network governance becomes an attempt at unilateral policy-transfer by 'softer' means.

The text analyses Poland's internal security illustrated with the example of the tasks and activities of one of the Polish special services, the Internal Security Agency (pol. Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego – ABW). Although the Internal Security Agency was established as a counter-intelligence service, the scope of its tasks and activities places it among the criminal intelligence services, which is poorly effective in terms of the eradication of crime targeted at the state's internal security. The analysis of the issues of state security in the context of the ISA's activity has been elaborated in the present text with the following research questions: (1) To what extent does the statutory scope of the ISA's tasks lower the effectiveness of the actions aimed at combating crime threatening state security? (2) To what extent does the structural pathology inside the ISA lower the effectiveness of the actions aimed at combating crime threatening state security? The text features an extensive analysis of three major issues: (1) the ISA's statutory tasks (with particular consideration of de lege lata and de lege ferenda regulations), (2) the dysfunctional character of the ISA's activity in relation to the scope of its statutory tasks, and (3) the structural pathology resulting from the 'politicisation' of the Internal Security Agency. ; Przedmiotem analizy w tekście jest bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne Polski, które prezentowane jest przez pryzmat zadań i działań Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego (ABW), tj. jednej z polskich służb specjalnych. Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego powstała jako służba kontrwywiadowcza, jednakowoż zakres jej zadań sytuuje ją w ramach wywiadu kryminalnego, co należy uznać za mało efektywne w związku ze zwalczaniem przestępstw skierowanych przeciwko państwu. Analiza problematyki bezpieczeństwa państwa w kontekście działalności Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego została uściślona w tekście przez następujące pytania badawcze: (1) W jakim zakresie ustawowy zakres zadań Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego wpływa na niską efektywność zwalczania przestępstw skierowanych przeciwko bezpieczeństwu państwa? (2) W jakim zakresie patologie strukturalne w ramach Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego wpływają na niską efektywność zwalczania przestępstw skierowanych przeciwko bezpieczeństwu państwa? W pracy dokonano szerszej analizy trzech głównych zagadnień: (1) zadań ustawowych Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego ujętych w regulacjach de lege lata i de lege ferenda), (2) dysfunkcjonalności działalności Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego w związku z zakresem zadań ustawowych i (3) patologii strukturalnej w związku z upolitycznieniem Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego.

The text analyses Poland's internal security illustrated with the example of the tasks and activities of one of the Polish special services, the Internal Security Agency (pol. Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego – ABW). Although the Internal Security Agency was established as a counter-intelligence service, the scope of its tasks and activities places it among the criminal intelligence services, which is poorly effective in terms of the eradication of crime targeted at the state's internal security. The analysis of the issues of state security in the context of the ISA's activity has been elaborated in the present text with the following research questions: (1) To what extent does the statutory scope of the ISA's tasks lower the effectiveness of the actions aimed at combating crime threatening state security? (2) To what extent does the structural pathology inside the ISA lower the effectiveness of the actions aimed at combating crime threatening state security? The text features an extensive analysis of three major issues: (1) the ISA's statutory tasks (with particular consideration of de lege lata and de lege ferenda regulations), (2) the dysfunctional character of the ISA's activity in relation to the scope of its statutory tasks, and (3) the structural pathology resulting from the 'politicisation' of the Internal Security Agency. ; Przedmiotem analizy w tekście jest bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne Polski, które prezentowane jest przez pryzmat zadań i działań Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wnętrznego (ABW), tj. jednej z polskich służb specjalnych. Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wnętrznego powstała jako służba kontrwywiadowcza, jednakowoż zakres jej zadań sytuuje ją w ramach wywiadu kryminalnego, co należy uznać za mało efektywne w związku ze zwalczaniem przestępstw skierowanych przeciwko państwu. Analiza problematyki bezpieczeństwa państwa w kontekście działalności Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wnętrznego została uściślona w tekście przez następujące pytania badawcze: (1) W jakim zakresie ustawowy zakres zadań Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego wpływa na niską efektywność zwalczania przestępstw skierowanych przeciwko bezpieczeństwu państwa? (2) W jakim zakresie patologie strukturalne w ramach Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego wpływają na niską efektywność zwalczania przestępstw skierowanych przeciwko bezpieczeństwu państwa? W pracy dokonano szerszej analizy trzech głównych zagadnień: (1) zadań ustawowych Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego ujętych w regulacjach de lege lata i de lege ferenda), (2) dysfunkcjonalności działalności Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego w związku z zakresem zadań ustawowych i (3) patologii strukturalnej w związku z upolitycznieniem Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego.

Present era can be categorized due to its speed of changes. Pakistani society got affected by worst kind of terrorism and extremism in last fifteen years. The root causes of prevailing security environment in Pakistan are multifaceted, complex and are derived from structural, as well as micro-level conditions. Objective of this research is to highlight the gaps in security doctrine of Pakistan. Both qualitative and quantitative methodology in the format of Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP study) is selected. Primary question of this research was to find the gaps in national internal security policy of Pakistan. This primary question is further sub divided into ten sub questions. Implementation modalities and the impediments of National Internal Security Policy (NISP) 2014 are also discussed. This research finds out that national internal security policy 2014 was a vibrant document and right step in the domain of policy formulation but demanded non-pragmatic results from security operators. Majority of its drawbacks are removed in in its later version of 2018-23. Survey and questionnaire based analysis is also made part of this article along with recommendations as submitted by respondents.

"Prepared by Mr. Raymond J. Celada of the American Law Division, Legislative Reference Service." ; Cover title. ; At head of title: 89th Congress, 1st session. Committee print. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Innere Sicherheit ist regelmäßig Hauptthema im politischen Diskurs der Bundesrepublik. Ein subjektives Gefühl mangelnder Sicherheit in allen Lebensbereichen ist omnipräsent. Dieser Artikel analysiert die jüngsten Entwicklung im Politikfeld innere Sicherheit und nimmt eine erste Bewertung der Sicherheitsgesetzgebung vor. ; Nearly periodically the topic of internal security appears on the public agenda of the Federal Republic. The subjective feeling of a lack of security in different dimensions of life is omnipresent. The latest security- and monitoring-acts interfere deeply – and at the same time nearly unnoticed – with the daily life of every single citizen. This article analysis latest developments and evaluates the german security policy. ; Not Reviewed

The adoption of an Internal Security Strategy (ISS) in the European Union (EU) in 2010 raised not only expectations but also a number of questions from EU scholars and practitioners. Where did it come from? Who was behind the strategy? What will be its effect on actual cooperation and policy outcomes? This article takes a historical perspective to help answer these questions. We examine the ISS from three perspectives – its origin, its formulation and its eventual content – and examine how these perspectives illuminate the likely impact of the ISS. Using some 'ideal-type' benefits attributed to strategies generally – including political-symbolic benefits, cohering effects and operational guidance – we assess whether the history of the ISS is likely to enable or constrain success. While further research is needed, our analysis of developments in the months after adoption of the ISS suggests that its history may serve to undermine its impact on both cooperation and policy.

Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; "Index to selected congressional publications on communism": p. 1014-1017. ; Prepared at the request of the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate. ; Previous ed. by the Legislative Reference Service, Library of Congress. ; At head of title: 93d Congress, 2d session, Committee print. ; CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 74 S522-7 (v. 1), CIS 74 S522-8 (v. 2) ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Since the return to democratic rule in 1999, Nigeria has witnessed different forms of conflict ranging from sectarian to ethno-religious crises, whole sale abduction, hostage taking, arson, incidents of cattle rustlings and terrorism in the North. Our nascent democracy has also been tested by rampant crimes of armed robbery, baby factories and kidnappings in the East, pipeline vandalism, crude-oil theft and civil unrest in the South; abduction, hostage taking and ritual killings in the West. All these have had severe consequences on human and material resources of the nation hence the inevitability of military involvement in internal security of the country. This study seeks to investigate the extent to which the military have been involved in the nation's internal security and the prospects and challenges associated with it. The study predominantly utilized secondary data and in the final analysis, the findings indicated that today's Nigeria is witnessing a higher level of aggression and wanton destruction of lives and properties and as such the role of the military in the internal security of the nation cannot be over emphasized. Therefore this study recommends that the military should remain an indispensible partner in the internal security network of the country. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p1301

The article presents the most important changes and events of the year 2018 in thefield of Polish internal security. It analyses the changes concerning local security, po-lice services, and secret services, and the creation of new security institutions. Despitea cabinet reshuffle, there could be no major changes in the field, as the Law and Justiceparty remained in power. The year 2018 was definitely one of continuation. Some of themost important events marked the finalization of previous declarations, and some werecaused by the EU. The author argues that the events of 2018 confirm that Poland's inter-nal security policy is characterized by stability and predictability.

Considers (86) S. 3, (86) S. 294, (86) S. 527, (86) S. 1299, (86) S. 1300, (86) S. 1301, (86) S. 1302, (86) S. 1303, (86) S. 1304, (86) S. 1305, (86) S. 1646, (86) H.R. 1992, (86) H.R. 2369. ; Considers S. 3 and related bills, to strengthen Federal statutes relating to subversive activities, including statutes relating to full disclosure by Federal employees, issuance of passports to suspected subversives, and Federal-state coordination in combating subversive activities. ; Record is based on bibliographic data in CIS US Congressional Committee Hearings Index. Reuse except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; Indexed in CIS US Congressional Committee Hearings Index Part VII ; Considers (86) S. 3, (86) S. 294, (86) S. 527, (86) S. 1299, (86) S. 1300, (86) S. 1301, (86) S. 1302, (86) S. 1303, (86) S. 1304, (86) S. 1305, (86) S. 1646, (86) H.R. 1992, (86) H.R. 2369. ; Considers S. 3 and related bills, to strengthen Federal statutes relating to subversive activities, including statutes relating to full disclosure by Federal employees, issuance of passports to suspected subversives, and Federal-state coordination in combating subversive activities. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The challenge of security has all over the world been in existence over the centuries. The major concern of all is that, the current security challenges especially in developing countries like Nigeria have taken some new dimensions that expose the limit of the authorities to deal with it. Records have shown that the multi-dimensional global security issues that affect both material and non material aspects have made nations (of the world) busy to tackle. Nigeria as a country facing quite a number of other social issues is bedeviled with such security challenges as ethno-religious crises and militancy, political conflicts, terrorism, assassinations and kidnapping of unprecedented amount. In this study, some conceptual and theoretical as well as empirical issues were identified in a number of related studies. Issues related to SALWs; smuggling and security challenges; theoretical issues on the implications of porous land borders and proliferation of SALWs for Nigeria's security are reviewed. However, it is pertinent to state that the vast of the available related literature cannot be contained within the limited scope of this work. Therefore, the work presents only texts that are explicitly critical and centrally relevant to the study of smuggling and proliferation of SALW and how the phenomena contest Nigeria's security landscape.