Suchergebnisse

Aus jugoslawischer Sicht

In this book, Paul Foos seeks to rescue the Mexican-American War from its status as a forgotten war, a status it has long shared with the Korean War. His approach is in keeping with recent work on the history of war from the perspective of the ordinary soldier, the regulars and militiamen who did the fighting at the front, not from the perspective of the generals. He thus mines a rich and fruitful seam of first person accounts written by soldiers themselves in the form of letters and memoirs long overlooked by historians. He seeks to correct two standard interpretations of the war. One of these, in the triumphalist tradition, interprets the conflict as a limited war that reflected and unleashed American "nationalism;" the other sees it as a victory for moralistic political elites who rescued the nation from the reckless expansionism of Southern extremists by limiting the acquisition of Mexican land in the final settlement. Both interpretations—and the second in particular—spotlight the leading men, insisting it was a war that the "masses" did not "understand, nor did they care" (9). Readers of this lively and eye-opening book are unlikely to put much credence in the received wisdom.

Why are acts of organized resistance associated with coups? Inspired by the Arab Spring, a large literature suggests that militaries confronted with civil resistance tend to side with protesters and oust their government. In the historically most coup-prone environment of insurgencies, however, alliances between the military and protesters are implausible because soldiers suspect insurgents behind social dissent. Disentangling different types of resistance, this article analyzes whether and how strikes, demonstrations, riots, and guerrilla attacks affect the military's disposition and ability to stage a coup during counterinsurgencies. We argue that only strikes trigger coup attempts. Soldiers interpret strikes as manifestations of a strengthening subversive enemy that threatens their victory over insurgents, while economic elites support a coup in the hope that the military will terminate costly walkouts. This interest alignment fosters military takeovers. We provide case-study evidence from Cold War Argentina and Venezuela to show our suggested mechanism at work. Demonstrating the scope of our argument, we quantitatively analyze coup attempts in counterinsurgency worldwide (1950–2005). Results show that strikes increase wartime coup risk, whereas demonstrations, riots, and guerrilla attacks do not. The findings highlight the backfiring potential of nonviolent resistance with important implications for post-coup political orders and democratization prospects.

The International Crisis Group can confidently account for the nuances of conflict in their analysis of world crisis data. They do not aim to provide a mathematical breakdown of world peace for their work is qualitative, and tends to be geographical in approach. Here, they comment on the assertion made by Tikuisis and Mandel about the world becoming less conflict ridden based on expert consensus, such as the Azar Gat's analysis and Human Security Report. Adapted from the source document.

The article assesses the management of investment attractiveness of agro-industrial entities and approaches to the study and analysis of its structural elements. The authors have made a theoretical generalization and proposed ways to solve the problem of modeling investment decisions in the current economic and political environment. The authors emphasize that a deeper approach will reveal not only the effectiveness of investment strategies, but also the internal mechanisms that facilitate or limit the implementation of these strategies. By combining aspects of decision-making methodology with the analysis of intra-organizational interactions, it is possible to obtain a more complete understanding of the investment process in the context of a particular organization. The paper emphasizes that in the agro-industrial sector of Ukraine, under the influence of the desire for integration, significant changes are taking place, which are expressed in an increase in the scale of production, an increase in the diversity of production areas, the expansion of inter-sectoral relations, accelerated use of scientific achievements, qualitative shifts in technological processes, and increased competition - significantly increasing the requirements for the quality of investment decisions and their relevance. The authors prove that the core of integration of mechanisms and instruments in the investment market is information and organizational technologies, which form the basis of the pyramid of management decisions. The organizational infrastructure of investments is becoming increasingly international and integrated. The more diverse the composition of such an infrastructure, the more fully the investment opportunities of enterprises are realized, the wider the range of investment technologies, and the greater the amount of resources involved. The model for assessing the efficiency of an investment project based on the theory of fuzzy sets developed by the authors is a way to assess the efficiency of investment projects, which is a complement to traditional methods of analysis, but lacks some of the disadvantages inherent in the latter. Keywords: investment decision, agency conflicts, corporate governance mechanisms, agro-industrial formations, model for assessing the efficiency of an investment project.

This paper aims to lay out the challenges and potentially fatal conflicts inherent in the emerging attempts to respect state sovereignty while crafting progressive and truly responsive sets of approaches to a sui generis global problem like the climate crisis. It examines general approaches and practices on climate refugees within the scope of a critical legal framework, taking as an example the 'Ioane Teitiota' case that attracted public attention as an international issue starting in 2013. In addition, we will examine from a legal viewpoint and with an eye to future consequences, the January 2020 United Nations' historical decision on climate refugees. We adopt Martti Koskennimi's terms, ascending and descending justifications, to show the oscillation that the legal mind experiences in between order and will. In this paper, we will claim that the legal mind fights a battle that eventually ends up with a deadlock due to the very structure of modern law.