This article deals with the issues of regulation of property relations of spouses in private international law. The article deals with the conflict issues of marriage, as well as the contractual regime of a property of spouses. The article reveals the content of the Minsk and Chisinau conventions on property relations between spouses. In particular, the conventions say that the property relations between spouses are determined by the legislation of the Contracting Party in whose territory they live together. If the husband lives in one Contracting State and the wife in the other and both have the same nationality, the law of the country of which they are nationals governs their property relations. Attention is paid to bilateral agreements on legal assistance to States in the field of property relations between spouses. For example, such an agreement exists between Russia and Estonia, and it helps to resolve various property issues between spouses. The domestic legislation of different States regulates the issue of determining the regime of matrimonial property in different ways. For example, in the States of the Anglo-Saxon legal system and in most Muslim countries there is only a regime of separate property. On the contrary, in the States of the Romano-German legal system, preference is given to the regime of the common property of spouses, and it is possible to establish a different regime of property relations by agreement of the spouses. According to this principle, and developing family law in Russia.
Russian scientists attach great importance to one of the fundamental principles of private international law – the principle of the closest connection. The concept of the closest connection was developed in England on the basis of case law, the rules of which were created by judges in court decisions on specific cases. The legislator has included the principle of closest connection to the civil code, however, in light of the changes it made in the reforms of 2013, the closest connection principle was assigned a secondary role in relation to the principle of characteristic performance. The main purpose of the principle of the closest connection is to find the law and order that can most effectively regulate cross-border relations. The court will have to determine the will of the parties to the contractual relationship, aimed at choosing the right. Therefore, a close relationship is established based on the court's assumption of what right the parties would have chosen if they had considered this issue. The principle of the closest connection, in connection with this approach, often loses its independent significance. Article 1187 of the civil code of the Russian Federation does not specify the conditions of its application, as well as the scope of its action. For this reason, the category of the closest relationship is universal and applies regardless of the nature of the cross-border civil relationship. Russian legislation does not have clear criteria for determining the closest relationship, which may lead to a subjective decision by the court. In this regard, the study of problems related to the application of the principle of the closest connection in judicial practice is undoubtedly relevant.
The relevance of the topic of a scientific article is related to the frequent cases in practice when there is a dispute over the application of the law of a particular state. With the help of the analysis of family law and private international law, a circle of subjects of legal relations is established that is connected with maintenance obligations complicated by a foreign element. In modern times there are many problems, in particular, the consequences of the dissolution of a marriage between spouses (one of whom is a foreign citizen) in the presence of minor children are poorly regulated internationally. The main problem in resolving issues related to alimony relations is the definition of applicable law. That is the law of which country (the right of citizenship of the husband's state or the right of citizenship of the wife's state) will be applied to resolve the dispute. In this paper, we will consider existing problems and offer our own vision of ways to solve such problems.
In this article, the author analyzes the issues of bringing criminal norms in accordance with the international treaties of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
In this article, the author analyzes the issues of bringing criminal norms in accordance with the international treaties of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The article "Importance of studying international law in the preparation of high-qualified lawyers in Uzbekistan". The article considers the issues of the reform in higher education at the present stage, as well as the role and significance of the international law and European law in training highly qualified lawyers for the government, law enforcement and the private sector in Uzbekistan.
The subject of the research is the peculiarities of the implementation of international law in national legal systems, the law enforcement practice of the implementation of international legal obligations of the state, doctrinal approaches to the interaction of the norms of international and domestic law. The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that the limits, forms and methods of the ex-ante intrusion of international law into the national legal system are determined not only as a result of the agreed will of States, but also against such will, under the influence of the interests of individual States or their political blocs that occupy a dominant position in an international organization. Methodology. The authors use such general theoretical and specific scientific methods as comparative analysis, generalization, interpretation and classification as well as systemic analysis and formal logical methods. The main results. The forms and methods of intrusion of international law into the legal systems are diversified. International law is not limited to interstate relations. Global processes require the development of new scientific approaches to understanding the processes of intrusion of international law into the legal systems of States. These processes require the study of the forms and methods of the impact of international law and international institutions on the national legal order. States are sometimes forced to implement measures developed in the international implementation mechanism (due to the need for international financial assistance as well as the inability to single-handedly defeat internal corruption, create a favorable international image, etc.). The international legal invasion exist already ex – post through the decisions of international judicial bodies or the assertive recommendations of international organizations. Their demands are made not just to comply with international obligations, but to change national legislation. The implementation of the norms of international law in national legal systems should be carried out at the domestic level just as much as it is necessary to fulfill these international obligations. The law enforcement practice in the state is based solely on national principles of law, and it is unacceptable to comply with the requirements from the outside to change them from the point of view of the independence of the state. It is the exclusive right of each State to determine the content of acts of interpretation of international bodies in relation to the decisions and actions of specific States from the point of view of their national interests. We prove that every state has the important right to determine the limits of the invasion of international law in their national legal system: the contents of implementing legislation; the completeness of implementation of the decisions and recommendations of international bodies and courts; the recognition of the extraterritorial validity of foreign law and forms of its implementation. Conclusions. The fundamental principle of international law- pacta sunt servanda – is transforming into a practical imperative – national legislation must change. This is due to the recognition of the jurisdiction of international judicial bodies. This is due to the extraterritorial effect of foreign law; it is connected with the transnational character of the law of international integration entities. This is due to the inability of individual States to resist exponential corruption. The continuous nature of the intrusion of international law into national legal systems is reflected in the various methods of such interference. The article proves the importance of each state having the right to independently determine the limits of the intrusion of international law into their national legal system. ; Неограниченность международного права только межгосударственными отношениями в результате глобальных процессов требует разработки новых научных подходов к осмыслению процессов вторжения международного права в правовые системы государств, воздействия норм международного права и международных институтов на национальный правопорядок, что и стало целью данной статьи. Опираясь на результаты, в том числе, проводимой в нашей стране конституционной реформы 2020 г., авторами сформулирован ряд выводов, которые охватывают: обоснование трансформации основополагающего принципа международного права – договоры должны соблюдаться – в практически императив – национальное законодательство должно изменяться; определение разнообразия форм вторжения международного права в национальные правовые системы, связанных с признанием юрисдикции международных судебных органов, экстерриториального действия зарубежного права, наднационального характера права интеграционных образований, с невозможностью отдельных государств противодействовать экспоненциальной коррупции исключительно национальными институтами власти. Доказывается значение наличия у каждого государства права самостоятельно определять пределы вторжения международного права в их национальную правовую систему: содержание имплементационного законодательства; полноты исполнения решений и выполнения рекомендаций международных органов и судов; признания экстерриториального действия зарубежного права и выбора форм его исполнения.
Раздел "Международное право" - рубрика "Международное гуманитарное право" ; В статье на основе анализа Конвенций, ключевыми из которых, по мнению автора, являются Гаагская конвенция о защите культурных ценностей 1954 г. и Конвенция об охране культурного и природного наследия 1972 г., выявляются критерии выделения всемирного культурного наследия из общей категории культурных ценностей, исследуется механизм защиты всемирного культурного наследия как в мирное время, так и в ходе вооруженных конфликтов. Автор акцентирует внимание на вопросе эффективности механизма защиты и приходит к выводу, что он не создает надежных гарантий охраны всемирного культурного наследия в период вооруженных конфликтов. В качестве недостатков конвенционного механизма автор указывает: легализацию ссылки на крайнюю военную необходимость, хотя и в исключительных случаях, которую можно квалифицировать как репрессалии, запрещенные к применению воюющими сторонами в международном гуманитарном праве; недостаточную урегулированность вопроса об ответственности государств за нарушение положений Конвенции и Протокола; ограниченную сферу действия Гаагской конвенции и II Протокола к ней, не применяющихся в случае беспорядков, бунтов, мятежей, хотя именно в таких ситуациях опасность уничтожения или разграбления всемирного культурного наследия очень велика. = The article relies on the analysis of Conventions, the key ones , according to the author, being the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property and the 1972 Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage so as to single out the criteria for identifying the world cultural values within the general category of cultural values. The article also explores the mechanisms of cultural heritage protection, both in the peaceful times and during military conflicts. The author focuses on the issue of the effectiveness of the protection mechanism and comes to the conclusion those it does not provide secure guarantees of the world cultural values protection during military conflicts. The following drawbacks of the protection mechanisms are pointed out: legalization of the reference to overriding military emergency, which, though used in extraordinary cases, can still be qualified as repressions banned for use by the conflicting parties; insufficient regulation of the states' responsibility for the breach of the provisions of the Convention and the Protocol; the limits on the effect of the Hague Convention and its Protocol II which are not applied in case of riots and civic disorder though it is in the times like those that the threat of destruction and looting of the world cultural heritage is particularly high.
Раздел I «Актуальные проблемы международного публичного права» ; Настоящая статья посвящена вопросам демократии в современной западной международно-правовой доктрине. В первой части статьи предлагается обзор международно-правовых теорий демократии, вторая часть посвящена взглядам на роль международного гражданского общества в решении проблемы демократического дефицита на международном уровне, в третьей части освещены исследования международного правления. = Present article analyzes the issues of democracy in contemporary Western international law doctrine. Firstly the theories of democracy in international law are discussed, than presented are views on the role of international civil society in the elimination of the democratic deficit at the international level and finally international governance studies are briefed.
The article studies the role of the East Germany party and state leader Walter Ulbricht in the development of the foreign policy strategy of 1949-1971, that aimed at recognition of the German Democratic Republic in international law by joining the United Nations. The article dwells on internal (the building of socialism, the struggle for political power in the East German leadership) and external (the Cold War, change of Soviet leaders) factors, that affected Ulbricht's foreign policy ideas and activities in the context of relationships between the GDR and the USSR as well as between the GDR and the FRG. It disputes a common view of Russian and foreign historiographers that Ulbricht adopted confrontational posture in relation to the German Question. The consideration is given to Ulbricht's flexibility in pursuing the goal and his aptitude for innovation. The article concludes that, notwithstanding Ulbricht's efforts to anticipate the GDR recognition in international law, the resolution of this issue depended on the state of Soviet - West German and East - West relations, the latter experiencing the era of detente on the cusp of 1960s and 1970s.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2015)4.1-07 ; Анализируется роль партийно-государственного руководителя Восточной Германии В. Ульбрихта в 1949-1971 гг. в разработке внешнеполитической стратегии с целью достижения международно-правового признания ГДР посредством вступления страны в ООН. Анализируются внутренние (строительство социализма, борьба за власть в восточногерманском руководстве) и внешние (холодная война, смена советских руководителей) факторы, которые оказали влияние на внешнеполитические представления и деятельность Ульбрихта в рамках отношений как между ГДР и СССР, так и между ГДР и ФРГ. Ставится под сомнение широко распространенное в отечественной и зарубежной историографии мнение о приверженности Ульбрихта конфронтационной линии в германском вопросе. Обращается внимание на гибкость Ульбрихта в достижении цели и его склонность к новациям. Сделан вывод о том, что, несмотря на попытки Ульбрихта ускорить международно-правовое признание ГДР, решение этой проблемы зависело как от состояния советско-западногерманских отношений, так и отношений между Западом и Востоком, которые на рубеже 1960-1970-х гг. вступили в период разрядки международной напряженности.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2015)4.1-07
Характеристика влияния решений международных судов на правоприменение исследуется в основном в западной доктрине. Понимание роли данного источника международного права является важной предпосылкой эффективного исполнения Российской Федерацией принятых на себя международных обязательств, участия в отправления правосудия. Все возрастающая роль международных актов в российской правовой системе требует их изучения в целях правильной реализации. Целью исследования является определение роли практики международных судов в выявлении норм международного права, места судебных решений в ряду иных источников международного права. Базовым тезисом является отсутствие у судей правотворческих полномочий, что не исключает возможность интерпретации норм в новых ситуациях с учетом возникающих потребностей. Однако изменения судебной практики должны находиться в пределах допустимого толкования. В ряде случаев источниками международного права следует рассматривать консультативные заключения. Сами решения не могут порождать нормы международного права. Судебные решения следует рассматривать сквозь призму межгосударственного консенсуса, они выступают основным элементом международного обычая. Однако международная юстиция существует как независимый от государств институт, задачей которого является правоприменение и отправление международного правосудия. ; Apart from the western doctrine, not many studies have touched the topic of the influence of international courts' decisions on the enforcement. Understanding of the role of this source of the international law is an important prerequisite for the Russian Federation effective execution of the adopted international obligations and administration of justice. The increasing role of the international acts in the Russian legal system requires their studying for their correct implementation. Thus, the aim of this paper is the definition of a) the role that the international courts take in identifying the rules of the international law, as well as b) the place, which the judicial decisions occupy among other sources of the international law. The main thesis is that the judges lack legislative authorities, which does not exclude the possibility of interpreting the rules in new situations according to arising needs. Yet, the changes in jurisprudence should lie within the existing interpretation. In a number of cases, advisory opinions may serve as the sources of international law. The decisions themselves cannot lead to rules of international law. Judicial decisions should be viewed through the interstate consensus; they shoud act as the key element of the international traditions. Nevertheless, the international justice exists as an independent from states institute, the aim of which is the law enforcement and international justice administration.
в данной статье путём сравнительно-правового метода описываются общие черты и различия в обязательствах вследствие причинения вреда в Российской Федерации и других странах континентальной правовой семьи ; а также характеризуется ответственность за вред ; причинённый недостатками товаров ; работ и услуг по законодательству стран англо-саксонской правовой семьи ; вносятся предложения по совершенствованию законодательства. ; using a comparative law method this article describes the similarities and differences in the obligations as a result of the injury in the Russian Federation and other countries of continental legal family ; characterizes the responsibility for harm caused by deficiencies of goods ; jobs and services under the laws of the countries in the Anglo-Saxon legal family. The work also suggests the ways to improve the legislation.
