Suchergebnisse

Dottorato di ricerca in Storia d'Europa: società, istituzioni e sistemi politici europei,19.-20. secolo ; La tesi ripercorre le vicende dell'associazionismo internazionale delle donne dalla sua nascita - negli anni Ottanta dell'Ottocento- fino alla vigilia del Secondo conflitto mondiale. In particolare, la ricerca si sofferma sulle tre maggiori organizzazioni l' International Women's Council, l'International Woman Alliance, la Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, sulle politiche da esse perseguite, sulle loro differenze e i loro conflitti. Una parte specifica è dedicata al caso italiano. Al centro vi è l'ipotesi dell'esistenza di una cultura politica prodotta dai movimenti delle donne ed intesa come espressione di un soggetto sociale e politico autonomo. Elaborata dalle generazioni femminili del mondo occidentale, appartenenti alle classi medie e medio-alte, per superare le asimmetrie nelle relazioni tra i sessi e costruire una diversa rappresentazione del femminile, questa cultura si è misurata con le grandi questioni che hanno attraversato la storia dei primi decenni del nuovo secolo: patriottismo e pacifismo di fronte alla prima guerra mondiale; organizzazione istituzionale di una convivenza pacifica tra gli anni Venti e gli anni Trenta; infine il confronto tra democrazia e totalitarismi nella crisi degli anni Trenta. Nel corso della tesi ne sono state delineate le caratteristiche, le continuità e i mutamenti intercorsi nei primi decenni del XX secolo, con un'attenzione particolare al rapporto tra democrazie e diritti delle donne, all'internazionalismo e transnazionalismo femminile, alle politiche di pace e al dilemma tra pacifismo assoluto e accettazione di una nuova guerra nel cuore dell'Europa in difesa della democrazia. Alla base del lavoro vi sono una serie di importanti corpus documentari consistenti per la maggior parte di fonti a stampa e di fonti archivistiche conservate nei principali archivi e biblioteche specializzate presenti in Europa e negli Stati Uniti. ; The thesis explores the history of the international women's associations from their birth - in the eighties of the Nineteenth- up on the eve of the Second World War. In particular, the research focuses on the three main international organizations: International Women's Council, International Woman Alliance, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, their politics, conflicts, and differences. A specific part is devoted to the Italian case. The central hypothesis of the research is the existence of a political culture produced by the women's movements as the expression of an autonomous political and social subject. Developed by female generations in the Western world, belonging to middle and upper middle classes, to overcome the asymmetries in gender relations, this culture challenged the great issues that have permeated the history of the first decades of the century: patriotism and pacifism in the face of World War I; institutional organization of peaceful coexistence; the confrontation between democracy and totalitarianism in the crisis of the Thirties. The thesis outlines the features, the continuities and changes , with specific attention to the relationship between democracy and women's rights, internationalism and transnationalism, peace policies and the dilemma between absolute pacifism and acceptance of a new war in the heart of Europe in defence of democracy. The work is based on a rich body of sources held in the main archives and specialized libraries in Europe and the United States.

The Swedish library system is usually grouped in two main sectors: public libraries and special or research libraries. At present, each county has a regional library which integrates the town library services through interlibrary loans, carries out some activities for children and teenagers, manages services for the handicapped and the blind, runs permanent educational courses and organises conferences and meetings for library staff and council cultural committee heads. The three regional loan centres are hosted in the county libraries of Malmö, Umeå and Stockholm. These centres are charged also with interlibrary loan from research libraries and Swedish libraries abroad. The Stockholm Regional Loan Centre is charged with lending literature published in the languages of Sweden's ethnic minorities. Umeå hosts the repository library for literature with low turnover and for extra copies of books. The National Council for Cultural Affairs is responsible for government investment in the cultural sector and dispenses subsidies amounting to some 6 millions Swedish crowns to the three regional loan centres and the Umeå store library and circa 19 millions to the 24 county libraries (35% of county library activities are financed by government subsidies, the remaining 65% by the county councils) according to data for 1994. The public libraries are linked by a loan chain, which gives them access to the resources of a certain number of library systems in Sweden. This structure was developed to improve co-operation between public and research libraries. The 286 public libraries in the towns form the base of this organisation. Above them, there are the 24 county libraries and finally the three loan centres which also deal with the access to research library materials. Today, each of Sweden's 286 towns has a public library service, with a total of circa 2,000 library units and 46 millions volumes. This system may consist of a main library, small or large branch libraries, "book-buses", libraries in workplaces and hospitals (run in co-operation with the county councils), a home-loan service for those with mobility problems who cannot go to the library, a service for health institutes, the army and kindergartens. The tripartite library, which originated in Germany and is based on three level of density of deposit, is the structure which best characterises the Swedish library system. The most compact section is in the library's stacks; the second section is charged with the lending of library materials, with non-fiction classified and fiction in alphabetical order. The true innovation consists in the third section, the library "market": here the classification system is wholly eschewed and the literature is ordered in broad thematic areas. It is possible to group adult and children literature, fiction and non-fiction, books, serials and audiovisual materials.