STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: War is the major problem facing mankind as no other societal affliction can match it in terms of human suffering and loss of life. Throughout recorded history theorists have attempted to formulate a method of preventing wars but none have succeeded. John G. Stoessinger, Professor of Political Science at Hunter College, City University of New York, has formulated a theory of peacekeeping that shows some promise for success. The purpose of this paper is to examine Stoessinger's theory in order to determine its distinctiveness, originality, and utility. METHODS: Research has combined comparative and case study methods with the comparative approach being utilized a great majority of the time. Findings have been presented in the traditional narrative style favored in the discipline of international relations. Several of Stoessinger's books were compared in order to find the origins and content of his theory. In addition, Stoessinger's theory was compared to the work of other theorists in order to discover the originality and distinctiveness of Stoessinger's work. Several of Stoessinger's own case studies were partially restructured to illustrate the utility of his peacekeeping theory. Theoretical points of reference were used to define Stoessinger's approach and contribution to the discipline. Again, these reference points and Stoessinger's theory were subjected to the comparative method of analysis. FINDINGS: This thesis concluded that Stoessinger combined the traditional and behavioral approaches to write a mid-range theory of international relations. His peacekeeping theory is based on perception and therefore lies within the psychological realm - an area which has not yet been popularized by the discipline. Stoessinger's theory was found to be distinctive and original. It was discovered that Stoessinger's propositions have not had much impact on the discipline with possible reasons for the unpopularity of his theory being his personal life problems, matters of style, and the psychological aspect of his theory. Final conclusions pointed out that Stoessinger's theory may give partial solutions to the problem of war.
At head of title: The Dimensionality of Nations, Project, Department of Political Science, University of Hawaii. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.
During the 1970's unionization among professional employees in Canada has increased and this trend has been evident among university faculty members. The case study of unionization of faculty at "Eastview University" shows that the literature of voluntary associations and consideration of the historical, political and economic environment of unionization is relevant to the study of unionization in Canada. The literature of labour relations has emphasized economic considerations and been dominated by practitioners. The case study shows that the university's faculty association was an expressive type of voluntary association. Changes in the university's environment led to increased pressures on faculty members and they experienced a sense of powerlessness. The faculty association became a faculty union, an instrumental association. Both faculty association and faculty union performed functions common to voluntary associations, conferring status and integrating the group. Economic factors were not the major factors for unionization at Eastview and the socio-psychological factors of insecurity and lack of full status as professionals were more influential. Further consideration of socio-psychological factors, following the model given in the article, will lead to fuller understanding of unionization and the role of professionals in bureaucracies. ; Tel qu'indiqué dans le tableau n° 1 qui suit, au cours de la période entre 1965 et 1975, le nombre de demandes reçues par la Ontario Labour Relations Board et venant des corps de métier dont les membres cherchent à se syndiquer a dramatiquement augmenté. Tandis que la totalité de syndicats immatriculés restait assez stable, le nombre de corps de métier syndiqués grimpa de 2 en 1965 à 52 en 1975. L'augmentation est même plus importante quand nous nous rendons compte qu 'en 1965 les demandes acceptées de ces groupes ne représentaient que 83 sur 20,500 employés ou .01% de ceux couverts par les demandes. Par contre, en 1975-76, les 52 demandes acceptées pour immatriculation venant des corps de métier ont couvert 6,949 (approximativement 21 %) sur la totalité de 26,100 employés qui cherchaient à se syndiquer au cours de l'année en question. Tout indique que la tendance à se syndiquer continuera, en particulier parmi les corps de métier qui travaillent dans le cadre d'une grande bureaucratie telle que l'université ou une agence de services sociaux et communautaires. L'exposition du cas qui suit tente de nous éclairer les démarches entreprises par les enseignants universitaires pour se syndiquer - un phénomène social plutôt récent mais croissant. Avant 1970, les enseignants des universités anglophones partout au Canada ne s'étaient pas syndiqués. En se syndiquant, les enseignants universitaires ont ménagé une occasion aux chercheurs, spécialistes dans la sociologie des organisations et des professions libérales, de mieux appro-fondir leur compréhension de la nature changeante des corps de métier qui oeuvrent dans le cadre de grandes organisations complexes et conventionnelles. Les sociologues s'intéres-seront aux rapports changeants des corps de métier tels que ceux entre les professeurs universitaires et les institutions ou les bureaucraties au sein desquelles ils s'acquittent de leurs fonctions. L'élaboration d'une compréhension sociologique satisfaisante ne peut progresser d'une façon appréciable avant que les sociologues accumulent tout un éventail de documentation basée sur des expositions des cas existants. Cette étude s'avère une première contribution à cette documentation requise.
SOMMAIRE: Introduction/Section I. The constituent entities of the Belgian State/§ 1. The spheres of government/§ 2. Bodies and their powers/Section II. The involvement of the entities involved in the exercise of the treaty-making power/§ 1. Association with international negotiations/§ 2. The approval of the community councils/Section III. — Extension of the competence of the constituent entities over the maritime areas adjacent to their territory/§ 1. Maritime boundaries of composing entities/§ 2. Granting of extraterritorial powers/Conclusion ; SOMMAIRE : Introduction / Section I. Les entités composantes de l'Etat belge / § 1er. Les sphères de compétence / § 2. Les organes et leurs attributions / Section II. L'association des entités composantes à l'exercice du treaty-making power / § 1er. L'association aux négociations internationales / § 2. L'assentiment des conseils de communauté / Section III. -L'extension de la compétence des entités composantes sur les espaces maritimes adjacents à leur territoire / § 1er. Les limites maritimes des entités composantes / § 2. L'octroi de compétences extraterritoriales / Conclusion
The apparent neglect of quantitative methodology in political analysis can be explained partly by the absence of a common paradigm or frame of reference for political inquiry and partly by the lack of experience with experimental analysis of empirical data. The absence of general theory poses considerable difficulties for analysis and for specifying the nature of expected relationships or outcomes. For example, without a good theory of war, it is difficult to explain, account for, and predict wars among nations as well as to forecast the probable range of casualties, the extent or duration of violence, geographical scope, and so forth. And the absence of sufficient experience with quantitative analysis poses equally numerous difficulties bearing upon our ability to go beyond purely descriptive modes of inquiry. For example, without sound analytical and computational tools it is difficult to develop empirical models, or simulations, or forecasts of such dynamics. This paper examines some key issues and difficulties encountered in the course of applying econometric analysis to forecasting in international relations. We will note the problems involved and the solutions adopted, and indicate the consequences of faulty analysis, analytical bias, or measurement error.
All the countries abutting on the Red Sea and on the Gulf of Aden as well as the East African coast will gain in economic, political, and strategic importance as soon as the Suez Canal is reopened to shipping. The present article discusses the situation in an important subregion of this area, the so-called Horn of Africa which owes an eminent position under political and strategic aspects.
The Eastern Airlines Collection, 1927-2008 (bulk 1965-2008), consists of news clippings, press releases, newsletters, annual reports, monthly reports, correspondence, memoranda, photographs, slides, an early scrapbook (or day book), artifacts (promotional items) and audiovisual materials. This collection mainly provides insight into publicity and outreach efforts at Eastern Airlines, but also its history, charitable work, and day-to-day operations. The materials were accumulated by Carolyn Lee Wills, who worked in the Public Relations Department of Eastern's Southern Regional Office from 1965 until 1987. ; Carolyn Lee Wills graduated from Georgia State University, where she studied journalism, history and speech. She also participated in many extra-curricular activities including Panhellenic Council, Delta Zeta Sorority, and yearbook. Before she began her work at Eastern Airlines, she traveled extensively throughout Europe, Asia, North and South America, Jamaica, the Bahamas, and Bermuda.; In 1965, Wills joined Eastern Airlines as a Representative of Women's Activities. In this role, she interpreted the company's program to women by working in the fields of fashion, radio, television, public relations, and promotions. In 1971, Wills became made Regional Manager of Public Relations. Eastern Airlines closed its Atlanta offices in November 1973, but found it difficult to cover their public relations needs in Atlanta from their headquarters in Miami. Four months after closing, Wills was re-hired by Eastern to manage the Southern Division covering Atlanta to Tokyo. While employed by Eastern Airlines, Wills served on many boards including American Women in Radio and Television, Georgia State University Alumni Association, and was a national representative of Delta Zeta Sorority. In 1966, she married attorney Charles H. Wills. The earliest incarnation of Eastern Airlines was Pitcairn Aviation, founded in 1927, which was the U.S. Postal Service contractor flying from New York to Atlanta. In 1930, the carrier was sold to North American Aviation owner Clement Keys and was renamed Eastern Air Transport. It soon added passenger routes and adopted the name Eastern Air Lines. Throughout the pre-World War II era, Eastern dominated passenger travel and air transport along the Atlantic coast, including the introduction of one-day service from New York to Miami in 1932. Famed pilot Eddie Rickenbacker bought the company in 1938 and was closely identified with it until his 1963 retirement. During the air travel boom of the 1950s and 1960s, Eastern Airlines grew into one of the ""Big Four"" United States carriers, enhancing its status as the lead air travel carrier on domestic east coast flights with the introduction of air shuttle service in 1961. Shuttle service was created as an alternative to bus routes and included hourly flights from Atlanta to Washington D.C., New York, and Boston. During this time, Eastern Airlines also expanded international service to Mexico, Bermuda, Puerto Rico, and Canada. Under the leadership of former astronaut Frank Borman (hired as an advisor in 1969, he became Chief Executive Officer in 1975), Eastern Airlines enjoyed continued successes in the industry until the enactment of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978.; Beginning with Eastern's early U.S. Postal Service government contract, the company had relied upon the regulated and protective policies governing the airline industry. Without government protection, Eastern's profits began to make a downward turn that eventually culminated in the selling of the company to Texas Air International, headed by Frank Lorenzo. Following deregulation, Lorenzo was able to purchase multiple airlines including Continental, Frontier, New York Air, and Eastern. To cut costs in the midst of declining profits, Lorenzo asked Eastern's union employees to take massive pay cuts in wages and benefits. Union workers refused to accept Lorenzo's demands and opted to go on strike. By claiming bankruptcy in 1989, Lorenzo was able to hire non-union workers to fill the jobs of striking employees. Lorenzo took his demands a step further when he asked the machinists' union to take a pay cut, which resulted in another strike that dealt the final blow to any hope that Eastern Airlines would recover lost profits. In 1991, Eastern Airlines was permanently grounded. Eastern's main hubs in Atlanta and Miami were taken over by various competitors and its concourses in New York and Newark were demolished.
Description based on: Jan.-Dec. 1975; title from cover. ; At head of title: International Relations Committee print. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Prepared by: Foreign Affairs Division, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, ; Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division, Congressional Research Service, -1978.
Intended to be an introduction to the Belgian law of work collective relations, the book puts strikes, trade unions, collective bargaining conventions in the framework of a general theory of the relationships necessary between mastery of the means of production, refusal to work and refusal to employment. ; Les relations de travail se déroulant dans des conditions qui dépendent en grande partie des menaces tantôt actuelles, tantôt virtuelles, de refus d'emploi et de refus de travail, l'auteur expose en quoi c'est principalement celle de refus de travail qui détermine l'importance des relations collectives. Aussi l'analyse du droit qui règle ces relations est-elle exposée dans un ordre peu traditionnel : après une Introduction consacrée à la maîtrise, assurée par le droit étatique, des biens de production, c'est par les conflits collectifs du travail qu'elle commence, par la grève plus que par le lock out ou par l'occupation d'usine (Ière Partie). Et de même que la réflexion sur les guerres conduit logiquement à examiner les armées et les traités, le droit des organisations syndicales (celui qu'elles tendent à produire et celui qui les vise) fait l'objet de la IIème Partie, la négociation et les conventions collectives de la IIIème. Moins importante, la IVème traite des relations collectives dans l'organisation de l'entreprise. ; D/1980/0023/14
Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; Hearings and markup held Mar. 22-Apr. 21, 1977. ; CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 77 H461-33 (pt.1), CIS 77 H461-71 (pt.2) ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.
At the markup session May 2, 1978, the subcommittees accepted a draft substitute in which the name of the institute was changed to Institute for International Human Rights; this substitute was later incorporated as Title 7 of H.R. 12598, the fiscal 1979 Foreign relations authorization act. ; Mode of access: Internet.
