Suchergebnisse

Untersuchungsgegenstand der Arbeit ist eine neorealistische Hypothese, wonach ein Staat in der Regel auf die Vorteile einer potentiellen Kooperation verzichtet, sollte sein Kooperationspartner einen größeren Vorteil – einen relativen Gewinn – aus der Zusammenarbeit erzielen als er selbst. Zeitweilig war dies ein dominierendes Thema in der politikwissenschaftlichen Theoriediskussion zwischen Vertretern des Neorealismus und Neoliberalismus, doch hat die Debatte um die Relevanz relativer Gewinne kein allgemein akzeptiertes Ergebnis erbracht. Unter Verwendung eines spieltheoretischen Instrumentariums werden daher die verbreitetsten theoretischen Darstellungen verglichen, um Hypothesen für die anschließende empirische Überprüfung am Beispiel der amerikanisch-chinesischen Beziehungen zu gewinnen. ; The study investigates a neorealistic assumption whereby states normally abstain from gains of potential cooperations, if the other side achieved an even greater gain from that cooperation. The debate on inhibiting effects of such relative gains dominated temporarily theoretical discussions among neorealistic and neoliberal scholars, but did not yield a widely accepted result. By means of game theoretic methods common descriptions of relative gains issues are being compared to obtain a hypothesis for the empirical examination of sino-american relations.

'Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung sind die in der Literatur zu findenden Gegensätze, die man den Disziplinen Politik- und Geschichtswissenschaft idealtypisch zuschreibt. Demnach existiere eine große Kluft zwischen den beiden Fächern. Der Artikel untersucht zunächst die spezifischen Gegenstände und methodologischen Besonderheiten wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens in beiden Disziplinen. Es wird argumentiert, dass die zu findenden Charakteristika nicht fundamentaler Natur sind. Trotzdem ist die gegenseitige Rezeption nur gering ausgeprägt. Historische Arbeiten werden in der Politikwissenschaft (wenn überhaupt) nur zur Überprüfung empirischer Sachverhalte genutzt, sozialwissenschaftliche Theorien nur in seltenen Fällen systematisch in historischen Studien verwendet. Historische Analysen leisten jedoch mehr als eine Erweiterung der Datenbasis; sie lenken den Blick auf Phänomene, für deren Erklärung eine klare Prozessorientierung notwendig ist. Eine rein synchron ausgerichtete Politikwissenschaft verschließt sich systematisch Erkenntnismöglichkeiten, die erst durch eine historische Perspektive sichtbar werden. Umgekehrt systematisiert eine theoretische Orientierung historisches Arbeiten und macht deren Ergebnisse anschlussfähig für die Sozialwissenschaften.' (Autorenreferat)

Uluslararası ilişkiler konularına her geçen gün artan ilgi, halen çok yeni bir akademik disiplin olan ve büyük ölçüde interdisipliner bir karaktere sahip Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplininde yapılan çalışmaların yöntemsel boyutunun da ön plana çıkmasına sebep olmaktadır. Çünkü yeni doğan bir disiplin için yapılması gereken en önemli iki şeyden birisi disiplinin çalışma alanlarının belirlenmesi iken, diğeri de bu alanların nasıl çalışılacağının belirlenmesidir. Yirminci yüzyılın ortalarından bu yana ekonomi bilimi başta olmak üzere politika ve uluslararası ilişkiler konularında da etkili olan rasyonel tercih yaklaşımı, Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplinine yöntemsel anlamda önemli bir perspektif kazandırmıştır. Özellikle Soğuk Savaş sırasında dış politika analizi ve strateji konularında önemli analizlerin yapılmasına imkan veren bu yaklaşım, pozitivist varsayımların ciddi eleştirilerle karşılaştığı günümüz dünyasında halen önemini korumaktadır. Fakat Türkiye'de siyaset bilimciler tarafından neredeyse hiç çalışılmayan, literatürde yer bulmayan bu yaklaşımı Türkçe okumak ve anlamak için kaynak sayısı çok sınırlıdır. Bu durum Türkçe literatür için önemli bir eksikliktir. Bu sebeple bu çalışmanın amacı Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplininde yönteme ilişkin tartışmaları analiz etmek, uluslararası ilişkilerde rasyonel tercih uygulamalarının niteliğini ortaya koymak ve yaklaşımın Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplinindeki yeri ve analiz gücünü tartışmaya çalışmaktır. Çalışmanın ortaya attığı tez, özellikle Türkçe literatürde neredeyse hiç yer bulmayan Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplininde rasyonel tercih yaklaşımı ve modellerinin disiplin için önem taşıdığı ve çok farklı kuramsal ve alansal çalışmaların analizinde etkili olduğudur. 1950'lerden bu yana uluslararası literatürde yayınlanmakta olan ve her geçen gün çoğalan çalışmalar bunun en önemli göstergesidir. Bu çalışmaların Türkçe literatürde de yer bulması ve yaklaşımın Türkiye'deki Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplini üyeleri tarafından tanınması; disiplinin ve disiplindeki öğrencilerin gelişimi açısından önem taşımaktadır. ; The increasing interest in international relations topics has led to the emergence of the methodological dimension of the studies carried out in the International Relations discipline, which is a very new academic discipline and which has a highly interdisciplinary character. Because of the fact that one of the two most important things that must be done for a new discipline is to determine the working areas of the discipline, while the other is to determine how these fields will be studied. Since the mid-twentieth century, the rational choice approach, which has been effective in the fields of economics, politics and international relations, has brought an important perspective on the discipline of International Relations. This approach, which allowed significant analysis of foreign policy and strategy during the Cold War, is still important in today's world, where positivist assumptions face serious criticism. However, this is an approach almost no political scientist studies on it in Turkey and there are very limited number of studies on this approach to read and understand it in Turkish language. This situation is an important deficiency in Turkish literature. For this reason, the aim of this study is to analyze the debates on methodology in International Relations discipline, to put forth the quality of rational choice practices in international relations and to try to discuss the place and the power of rational choice analysis in the discipline of International Relations. The thesis proposed by the study is that rational choice approach and models in International Relations discipline, which are almost never found in Turkish literature, are important for the discipline and effective in analyzing different theoretical and spatial studies. The studies that have been published in the international literature since the 1950s and are increasing day by day are the most important indicators. It is important for the development of the discipline and the students of the discipline. The fact that such studies take place also in Turkish literature, the approach is known by the members of the discipline in Turkey, is important for the development of the discipline and the students in the discipline in Turkey.

Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung sind die in der Literatur zu findenden Gegensätze, die man den Disziplinen Politik- und Geschichtswissenschaft idealtypisch zuschreibt. Demnach existiere eine große Kluft zwischen den beiden Fächern. Der Artikel untersucht zunächst die spezifischen Gegenstände und methodologischen Besonderheiten wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens in beiden Disziplinen. Es wird argumentiert, dass die zu findenden Charakteristika nicht fundamentaler Natur sind. Trotzdem ist die gegenseitige Rezeption nur gering ausgeprägt. Historische Arbeiten werden in der Politikwissenschaft (wenn überhaupt) nur zur Überprüfung empirischer Sachverhalte genutzt, sozialwissenschaftliche Theorien nur in seltenen Fällen systematisch in historischen Studien verwendet. Historische Analysen leisten jedoch mehr als eine Erweiterung der Datenbasis; sie lenken den Blick auf Phänomene, für deren Erklärung eine klare Prozessorientierung notwendig ist. Eine rein synchron ausgerichtete Politikwissenschaft verschließt sich systematisch Erkenntnismöglichkeiten, die erst durch eine historische Perspektive sichtbar werden. Umgekehrt systematisiert eine theoretische Orientierung historisches Arbeiten und macht deren Ergebnisse anschlussfähig für die Sozialwissenschaften. ; There is a gap between the disciplines of historical research and political science. Interdisciplinary dialogue is rare and even the academic education is separated. Firstly, this article examines the characteristics of research applied in these disciplines. Then, the specific subjects and methodological concerns of both disciplines are being compared. It is argued that no fundamental methodological differences exist between the fields. Nevertheless, it is shown that neither the science of history makes systematically use of political theories nor that political science accepts the methodological challenge of historiology. Therefore, the article aims to find ways in which these disciplines can fruitfully learn from each other. Especially the analysis of political processes appears to be a useful subject, because it deals with the change of political phenomena placed in time - a subject familiar to scientists of both disciplines. The article recommends to start the interdisciplinary dialog with questions of process-tracing, a method that is well suited for questions of social change, theory-driven and based on agency.

The book is written for active learners – those keen on cutting their own path through the complex and at times hardly comprehensible world of THEORY in International Relations. To aid this process as much as possible, this book employs the didactical and methodical concept of integrating teaching and self-study. The criteria for structured learning about IR theory will be derived from an extensive discussion of the questions and problems of philosophy of science (Part 1). Theory of IR refers to the scientific study of IR and covers all of the following subtopics: the role and status of theory in the academic discipline of IR; the understanding of IR as a science and what a "scientific" theory is; the different assumptions upon which theory building in IR is based; the different types of theoretical constructions and models of explanations found at the heart of particular theories; and the different approaches taken on how theory and the practice of international relations are linked to each other. The criteria for the structured learning process will be applied in Part 2 of the book during the presentation of five selected theories of International Relations. The concept is based on "learning through example" – that is, the five theories have been chosen because, when applying the criteria developed in Part 1 of the book, each single theory serves as an example for something deeply important to learn about THEORY of IR more generally

Bu makalede, sosyal bilimler külliyatına son birkaç on yılda esaslı bir giriş yapmış 'kimlik', 'farklılık', 'kendi' ve 'öteki' kavramlarının, Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplininin başat kuramlarınca nasıl algılanmakta oldukları incelenecektir. 1990'lı yıllarla birlikte disiplinin içine düşmüş olduğu üst-anlatı boşluğu yalnızca kimlik meselelerince doldurulamayacak olsa da, bu meseleleri içselleştirmeyen geleneksel Uluslararası İlişkiler kuramlarının, geçerliliklerini yitirme tehlikesi ile karşı karşıya oldukları iddiasında bulunulacaktır. Bu iddiadan hareketle, kimlik temelli bir çerçevede anlaşılabilecek olan 11 Eylül 2001 olayları, Uluslararası İlişkiler kuram-yapımı üzerindeki etkisi ve kimlik meselesine yaptığı vurgu bağlamında örnek olay olarak incelenecektir. Makalenin esas amacı, günümüz Uluslararası İlişkiler kuram-yapımının, geleneksel kuramları toptan yok saymak yerine, bu kuramları yeniden gözden geçirmek ve yapısökümüne uğratıldıklarında altlarından çıkan tek tip kimlikleri, önyargıları ve taraflılıkları ortaya çıkartmak amacı gütmesi olduğunu göstermektir. ; This article attempts to analyze how the conceptualizations of 'identity', 'difference', 'self' and 'other' that have gained a recent popularity in mainstream social sciences in the last decades have been understood by leading International Relations theories. Although the meta-theoretical gap in International Relations studies that had been realized after the end of Cold War cannot be completely fulfilled by these conceptualizations, it will be suggested that no valid International Relations theory can be developed and maintained without internalizing the identity matters as their initial assumptions. Concordantly, the particular events of September 11, 2001 that might be analyzed within the framework of identity will be brought to the fore for how identity matters should affect the International Relations theory-making. The ultimate purpose of this study is to demonstrate that what is needed today in the study of International Relations is not to demolish its conventional theories altogether, but is rather to show the necessity of their re-evaluation for their stereotypical identity perceptions, prejudice and bias, which break out clearly once they are deconstructed.