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This article deseribes the guestions of the ethimology of religions extrimizm and fundamentalism, threats and consegumces for prospects of the democratic society to eliminate them as well as problems of the secular state, and religions relations, youth education (growing up) in the spirit of pan-human values and culture.

History of International Relations at a Glance: 1) Westphalian Sovereignty Result of: Thirty Year's War (1618-1648) Catholic states v. Protestant states in western and central Europe Based on: Peace of Westphalia (Treaties of Osnabruck and Munster). 2) Concert of Europe (Vienna System) Result of: Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815). Based on: Congress of Vienna (1815). 3) Versailles-Washington System Result of: World War I (1914-1918). Based on: Peace Treaty of Versailles (1919) and Washington Naval Conference (1921-1922). 4) Yalta-Potsdam World Order Result of: World War II (1939-1945). Based on: Yalta Conference (February 1945) and Potsdam Conference (July-August 1945). 5) Modern System of International Relations Result of: Cold War's end and dissolution of USSR and Warsaw Pact (1991). ; This poster was supported by the European Social Fund (FSE) and by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, under research grant No. SFRH/BD/136170/2018. Poster available at https://www.encontrociencia.pt/posters/20744_20201102172422_EncontroCiencia2020_Marco_Marsili_ePoster.pdf

The aim of this article is to show how sport can matter in international relations. Sport can be a subject or a tool of international relations. It can be used by states or geopolitical blocks to display their alleged superiority or any other desired characteristic. Governments may desire athletic victories, which are meant to imply, for example, the power of the state and its political and economic system. Participation in sport can also be used for political reasons on an international scale; a number of political objectives can be achieved by states by participating (or not) in sports events. Not only is sport affected by a country's policies, but on certain occasions sports events can influence states.

A Teoria de Rajamandala e as Relações Internacionais da Índia. Nas relações internacionais contemporâneas a Índia é vista como uma das maiores potências. A ascensão da Índia como um ator-chave no panorama global assenta na sua postura política internacional, no seu crescente poder económico, numa influência cultural dinâmica e numa máquina militar potente. Com base nestes recursos o país vê-se a si próprio como um líder natural à escala global, existindo uma cuidada e cultivada visão estratégica que pauta esta postura expansionista. Sendo este o caso, como se pode identificar esta visão? Quais são os componentes-chave desta estratégia? Argumenta-se que existe uma moldura política teórica autóctone e específica que remonta a mais de dois mil anos, a qual resistiu ao passar do tempo, constituindo a base das relações internacionais contemporâneas da Índia ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The term of "culture", "intercultural communication" are main part of modern developing society. Through rapidly development of world, culture is going to change in our daily life. This variation can be delivered about, including growth, progress, evolution, reform, innovation, revivalism, revolution, diffusion, modernization and transformation. Hereby, modernization could be appearanced as adoption of broadening era confidences and practices, such as science, industry, democracy, and the idea of progress. Intercultural communication is a form of communication that porposes to dispense information across various cultures and social groups. We can only be managed and reduced such conflict through intercultural communication. As well as, we can only interfacing with others by capably and peacefully who are separate from ourselves can our global village reside. The article contains detailed information about the introduction to the concepts of culture, theoretical approach to the culture, communication, the role of culture in cummunication process, intercultural communication as tool of world community. The article can be considered as a useful resource for experts and researchers conducting research in this field.

The system of international relations is undergoing a period of serious transformation. The changes that have occurred have touched upon the fundamental princi ples and structure-forming elements of the world political system, thereby determining the long-term trends of its development.

The thesis aims to underline the Eurocentrism of the field of international relations and the way in which the conceptualizations and writings of history contribute to the reproduction of specific narratives of international relations. The thesis argues that the 'decentering' of the field should not only focus on questioning the narratives produced in the center but also focus on the reproduction of Eurocentrism in the 'periphery'. The thesis through the example of the 'Cold War' discusses the way in which the 'Cold War' has been written and the presuppositions about international relations that has been produced and reproduced in the center and in the periphery.

This article explores the development of international relations (IR) in Indonesia with special focus on the changing trends in its theoretical perspectives. It argues that the academic works examined reflect the ways in which Indonesia's IR scholars perceive and theorize the nature of the dynamics of external political environments and their connections to the state's foreign relations. The argument is elaborated in two related parts. The first section discusses the theoretical perspectives that developed during the Cold War period, which focuses on the propensity toward historical realism and regionalism. The second part of the discussion examines recent developments in which Cold War perspectives have been reconsidered, and in many respects modified into three new categories of theoretical thinking, namely reform, resistance, and eclecticism. The changing theoretical trends reveal that Indonesia's IR scholarship is open and innovative. The conclusion comments on the development of the Indonesia's IR.

Being a social entity; Starts to be raised by parents who are be able to socialize, survive, communicate and interact with his environment since birth. Thus, the society, which comes together from people who socialize by communicating, has a unique set of values called "culture" that affect the behavior and beliefs of people. In the 21st century digital life; With the global use of internet technology as a means of communication, the digital culture defined as a whole of material values that individuals maintain in their databases and online accounts has begun to affect people's lives and beliefs. In this context. Social Media has a big impact in the 21st Century and in this article we will discuss and make ourselves an opinion how it impacts with international relations and how it would be able to make changes throughout the world view and politics. Meanwhile everybody is getting to become a social influencer it got much easier to speak about the own opinion and reach out for a wider public.

There is no international bankruptcy law, but only the national bankruptcy laws of various states. The failure of a multinational firm therefore raises difficult questions of conflict and cooperation among national bankruptcy regimes. Theorists have proposed various reforms to the uncoordinated territorial approach that most states pursue when a multinational firm suffers financial distress. Among these reform proposals, universalism has long been the dominant idea. Under universalism, the bankruptcy regime of the debtor firm's home country would govern, and that regime would have extraterritorial reach to treat all of the debtor's assets and claimants worldwide. Despite its conceptual dominance, universalism has yet to find vindication in any concrete policy enactments. No universalist arrangements exist. While recent challenges to universalism have emerged, the current lively debate over universalism and rival proposals focuses almost exclusively on their comparative efficiencies. This article provides an entirely new perspective. Applying insights from elementary game theory and international relations theory, I show that universalism is politically implausible. Even for states interested in establishing universalist arrangements, they will be unable to do so. They will find themselves caught in a prisoners' dilemma with no ready solution. I conclude therefore that universalism holds only dubious promise as a prescription for international bankruptcy cooperation.

Problem setting. The modern world continues to consider military power as one o f the most important tools for solving foreign policy problems. However, it is not an extraordinary option or a last resort in the range o f possible shares. Military power has become a widely used tool along with political and diplomatic actions. The decision to use military power is made by world actors based on their own understanding o f their national interests and the appropriateness o f its use, even without a UN resolution. Thus, the issue o f the study o f military power as a tool in international relations becomes relevant. Recent research and publications analysis. Consideration o f certain issues o f military strength aspects is reflected in the works o f R. Aron, O. Bodruk, A. Gramsci, R. Keohein, Н. Morgenthau, J. Nye, V. Smolyanyuk, Р. Taylor, A. Toffler, M. Trebin, K. Waltz, I. Wallerstein, S. Huntington and others. However, in modern conditions, the issue o f the use o f military power in international relations requires a new rethinking, especially in the context o f systemic changes in world society. Paper objective. The purpose o f this article is to analyze some aspects o f the use o f military power in international relations. Paper main body. The article reveals some aspects o f the use o f military power in international relations. The essence o f the military power o f the state, the forms and tasks o f its use are revealed.The article examines some aspects o f the use o f military power in international relations. The essence o f the military power o f the state, forms and tasks o f its application are revealed. It is highlighted that the simplest scenario o f the state's transition to military actions and in the international arena is the threat o f the use offorce demonstrated by it (explicit - hidden, real - conditional); A more complex type o f use o f military power remains armed violence - direct physical influence on the opposite side by means ofarmed struggle for the purpose o f its destruction or ...

The author describes the main trends and developments of the modern world. Emphasis on globalization and development of information technology that leads to an active increase of the relevance of Communication sector. The study of international relations entails the study of discourse about them which is a basic tenet of the theory of constructivism.

The global Indian and Pacific region is playing an increasing role in modern international relations. At the beginning of the XXI century, this region is a crossroads of different interests of great powers. The United States continues to play a leading role. The Pentagon introduced the concept of the Indo-Pacific region. From a military-strategic point of view, this concept is a symbol of American-Chinese competition. This process intensified under the Trump administration in 2017-2020. The Biden administration is consolidating regional democracies. Australia, India and Japan play a key role in this process. The European Union promotes the values and ideas of democracy in the Indo-Pacific region. China is an important trading partner of the EU. The intensification of the Sino-US confrontation in early 2022 has blocked the entry into force of the China-EU Free Trade and Investment Agreement. In early 2022, the United States, Great Britain and Australia announced the creation of a military alliance. India and Japan are concerned about China's growing military power. The Republic of Korea has a similar position. Hotspots of confrontation in the region are Taiwan, the Korean Peninsula, the disputed Spratly Islands. The Indo-Pakistani conflict around Kashmir destabilizes regional security. The Indo-Pacific region is an example of a complex multipolar system of international relations. This system is more risky in terms of security. The functioning of internal regional and interregional communication networks is complicated by military-technical, environmental, demographic, socio-cultural, interstate contradictions. The formation of a regional security system is limited by political problems. Post-modern democracies, such as Australia, India, Japan and the modernized Chinese autocracy and the North Korean Stalinist dictatorship, coexist in the Indo-Pacific region. The balance of interests is maintained by the United States and the European Union. This balance is volatile and unpredictable

In this age of the overarching globalization and increased public sensitivity, conflict resolution is becoming more and more demanding both in terms of its goals and its techniques. The war has become almost forbidden, and old schemes of justifying wars no longer appear satisfying. Justifying war always seemed to be a hopeless task: at the same time impossible and necessary. Being tragic and often also absurd throughout the history, war is now facing the challenge of a change its very definition. Its nature of unpredictability and irreversibility, its constitutive rules of victory and defeat, seem to be in the process of an extensive change, with new aspects and issues emerging: criminalization of war, new ways of justifying military interventions, and a huge set of instruments of justifying "asymmetric wars", "wars on terror", pre-emptive and preventive wars, peace-making and peace-keeping activities, regime change strategies, etc. Just War Theory and its justificatory capacity is (again) at the crossroad: is it a new chance to further its development, or a sign of its end? These and other issues regarding contemporary debate about the war are worth further exploration from the philosophical point of view.

This special issue of Politik aims to widen the debate on Arctic security relations through a more comprehensive dialogue inclusive of the many different types of security, their interactions, and their challenges by using the theoretical approach of the Copenhagen School. A better understanding of security dynamics in the circumpolar North today demands a critical analysis of those changes through a multidisciplinary and multi-modal lens. Each chapter in this special issue provides one layer of that multimodal lens of Arctic security that, together, weave a complex web of change. This special issue therefore continues to move the discourse of polar security beyond – but not excluding – the conventional debates of military capabilities and state sovereignty towards a more comprehensive definition of security, including its interacting environmental, economic, political, health and cultural dimensions.