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"This groundbreaking Research Handbook provides a comprehensive analysis and assessment of the impact of international law on cities. It sheds light on the growing global role of cities and makes the case for a renewed understanding of international law in the light of the urban turn. Written by a group of scholars from a wide range of different geographical and theoretical backgrounds, this Research Handbook contributes to a better understanding of the practice of cities in various fields of international law ranging from climate change over human rights and migration to security governance. Additionally, it offers reflections on how to account for this urban turn in the light of historical and cross-cutting theoretical perspectives from legal and non-legal scholarship alike. Combining doctrinal work and analysis of international practice with critical historical and theoretical contributions, this Research Handbook will be a must-have reference book for researchers and students in the field of international law as well as other disciplines, including human geography, urban studies, sociology and political science"--

Preliminary Material /Christoffer C. Eriksen and Marius Emberland -- Introduction Polycentric Decision-making Structures and Fragmented Spheres of Law: /Ivar Alvik , Marius Emberland and Christoffer C. Eriksen -- New International Law and Its Doctrine Thinking Outside the "Westphalian Box": /Stéphane Beaulac -- Jurisdictional Competition between International Courts and Tribunals: /Nikolaos Lavranos -- International Relations and New International Law Piercing the Tattered Veil: /Antoine Buyse -- The Power of Administration: /Ole Jacob Sending -- Investment and Property The Hybrid Nature of Investment Treaty Arbitration – Straddling the National/International Divide /Ivar Alvik -- Competing Notions of Property Rights: /Ingunn Ikdahl -- Human Rights and Humanitarian Law International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law: /Natasha Balendra -- Rapprochement and Misrecognition: /Kristin Bergtora Sandvik -- On the History of New International Law A Non-territorial Ethnic Network and the Making of Human Rights Law: /Moria Paz -- Internationalization of Criminal Law What's in the ICC for States? /Jo Stigen -- International Security and War 'Securitizing' Development: /Aristotle Constantinides -- Constitutional Underpinnings for Conscientious Objection in Allegiance to International Public Law Norms pertaining to War /Cecilia M. Bailliet -- Environmental Regulation Sustainable Development in Practice: /Christina Voigt -- What May Be the New International Environmental Law? /Nicolai Nyland.

International law presents a conceptual riddle. Why comply with it when there is no world government to enforce it? The United States has a long history of skepticism towards international law, but 9/11 ushered in a particularly virulent phase of American exceptionalism. Torture became official government policy, President Bush denied that the Geneva Conventions applied to the war against al-Qaeda, and the US drifted away from international institutions like the International Criminal Court and the United Nations. Although American politicians and their legal advisors are often the public face

1. From domestic to international rule of law : a long and unfinished journey / Veselin Popovski -- 2. "Unqualified human good" or a bit of "ruling class chatter"? : the rule of law at the national and international level / Simon Chesterman -- 3. "Thin theories" of the domestic and international rule of law / Charles Sampford -- 4. Reflections on the rule of law : its scope and significance for partners in development / John Barker -- 5. What is "international impartiality"? / Frederic Megret -- 6. Professions without borders : global ethics and the international rule of law / Charles Sampford -- 7. International civil service ethics, professionalism and the rule of law / Lorne Sossin and Vasuda Sinha -- 8. International rule of law? : ethics and impartiality of legal professionals in international criminal tribunals / Chandra Lekha Sriram -- 9. Judicial ethics at the international criminal tribunals / William Schabas -- 10. Conclusion / Vesselin Popovski.

I. The Nominating and Appointing Power -- Establishment of the Practice -- The Change in the President's Authority -- Summary -- II. Historical Arguments for and Against the Use of the Special Agent -- Arguments Against the Use of Special Agents -- Arguments For the Use of Special Agents -- Summary -- III. The Question of Office -- Marshall's Opinion -- Later Definitions of Office -- The Problem of Rank -- The Presidential Signature and the United States' Seal -- The Contingent Fund -- Establishment of the Fund -- Summary -- IV. The President's Appointing Power with Respect to Special Agents -- Early Attempts at Restrictions -- Restrictions Successfully Passed -- Restrictions With Respect to International Organizations -- The United Nations "Battle" -- Special Agents and the Question of Rank -- Summary -- V. Status of the Regular Diplomatic Agent under International Law -- Agréation -- La Lettre de Créance -- The Nature of Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities -- Duration of Diplomatic Immunities -- Theories on the Basis of Diplomatic Immunity -- Who Receives Diplomatic Privileges and Immunity -- Who Decides the Question of Entitlement to Immunity -- The Basis for the Decision -- The Meaning of Function -- Responsibility for the Protection of Diplomats -- Responsibility for the Acts of a State's Agents -- Functions of a Diplomat -- Diplomatic Agents Below the Rank of Ambassador -- Summary -- VI. Status of Miscellaneous Agents under International Law -- International Conferences -- International Organizations -- International Commissions -- Summary -- VII. Status of the Special Agent under International Law -- Special Secret Agents -- Special Public Agents -- The Establishment of Special Missions -- Privileges and Immunities -- Freedom of Movement and Communication -- Responsibility for the Protection of Special Agents -- Responsibility for the Acts of the Special Agent -- Functions of the Special Agent -- Summary -- VIII. Conclusions -- Municipal Law Aspect -- International Law Aspect -- Appendix A -- Representative List of Special Agents -- Appendix B -- Provisions for Appointing United States Delegates to International Organizations -- Appendix C -- Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations -- Appendix D -- The Agencies of Colonel House and Harry Hopkins -- Edward M. House -- House's Background -- The Nature of the House-Wilson Relationship -- His Influence and Methods of Operation -- Five Missions Abroad -- Advantages and Disadvantages in Using House -- Summary -- Harry L. Hopkins -- Hopkins' Background -- The Nature of the Hopkins-Roosevelt Relationship -- Five Missions Abroad -- His Influence and Methods of Operation -- Advantages and Disadvantages in Using Hopkins -- Summary.

It is a settled rule of international law that a State may not rely on the provisions of its 'internal law' as justification for failing to comply with international obligations. However, the judiciaries of most countries, including those with a high record of compliance with international norms, have increasingly felt the need to preserve the area of fundamental principles, where the State's inclination to retain full sovereignty seems to act as an unbreakable 'counter-limit' to the limitations deriving from international law. This volume explores this trend by adopting a comparative perspective, addressing the question of how conflicts between international law and national fundamental principles are dealt with and resolved within a specific legal system. The contributing authors identify common tendencies and fundamental differences in the approaches and evaluate the implications of this practice for the future of the principle of supremacy of international law

On June 22 of this year important amendments to the Netherlands Constitution concerning the administration of foreign affairs came into force. As those amendments will not only be of interest to students of Netherlands constitutional law but also to those who are interested in the problem of the relationship between international and municipal law and modern tendencies in national constitutions in this respect, it might be useful to give a brief survey of these amendments and their background.

Intro -- General Principles and the Coherence of International Law -- Copyright -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Editors' Introduction General Principles and the Coherence of International Law: Setting the Scene -- 1 Cohesion, Convergence and Coherence of International Law -- 2 General Principles in the Jurisprudence of the ICJ -- Part 1: General Principles and the Other Sources of International Law -- 3 The Role of General Principles in Promoting the Development of Customary International Rules -- 4 General Principles of Law, Jus Cogens and the Unity of the International Legal Order -- 5 General Principles Infra, Praeter, Contra Legem? The Role of Equity in Determining Reparation -- 6 The Juridical Nature of General Principles -- 7 General Principles as Principles of International Legal Pragmatics: The Relevance of Good Faith for the Application of Treaty Law -- 8 Conclusions: General Principles and the other Sources of International Law -- Part 2: The Interplay with National and Regional Legal Systems -- 9 General Principles of EU Law and General International Law -- 10 The Interpretation of UN Security Council Resolutions between Regional and General International Law: What Role for General Principles? -- 11 The Role of Domestic Law in the Identification of General Principles of Law under Article 38(1)(c) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice -- 12 Conclusions: The Role of General Principles in a Multi-layered Legal Setting -- Part 3: General Principles and International Investment Law -- 13 General Principles of Commercial law and International Investment Law -- 14 Unjust Enrichment as a Primary Rule of International Law -- 15 General Principles and the Coherence of International Investment Law: of Res Judicata, Lis Pendens and the Value of Precedents.