Suchergebnisse

Раздел "Международное право" - рубрика "Международное гуманитарное право" ; В статье на основе анализа Конвенций, ключевыми из которых, по мнению автора, являются Гаагская конвенция о защите культурных ценностей 1954 г. и Конвенция об охране культурного и природного наследия 1972 г., выявляются критерии выделения всемирного культурного наследия из общей категории культурных ценностей, исследуется механизм защиты всемирного культурного наследия как в мирное время, так и в ходе вооруженных конфликтов. Автор акцентирует внимание на вопросе эффективности механизма защиты и приходит к выводу, что он не создает надежных гарантий охраны всемирного культурного наследия в период вооруженных конфликтов. В качестве недостатков конвенционного механизма автор указывает: легализацию ссылки на крайнюю военную необходимость, хотя и в исключительных случаях, которую можно квалифицировать как репрессалии, запрещенные к применению воюющими сторонами в международном гуманитарном праве; недостаточную урегулированность вопроса об ответственности государств за нарушение положений Конвенции и Протокола; ограниченную сферу действия Гаагской конвенции и II Протокола к ней, не применяющихся в случае беспорядков, бунтов, мятежей, хотя именно в таких ситуациях опасность уничтожения или разграбления всемирного культурного наследия очень велика. = The article relies on the analysis of Conventions, the key ones , according to the author, being the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property and the 1972 Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage so as to single out the criteria for identifying the world cultural values within the general category of cultural values. The article also explores the mechanisms of cultural heritage protection, both in the peaceful times and during military conflicts. The author focuses on the issue of the effectiveness of the protection mechanism and comes to the conclusion those it does not provide secure guarantees of the world cultural values protection during military conflicts. The following drawbacks of the protection mechanisms are pointed out: legalization of the reference to overriding military emergency, which, though used in extraordinary cases, can still be qualified as repressions banned for use by the conflicting parties; insufficient regulation of the states' responsibility for the breach of the provisions of the Convention and the Protocol; the limits on the effect of the Hague Convention and its Protocol II which are not applied in case of riots and civic disorder though it is in the times like those that the threat of destruction and looting of the world cultural heritage is particularly high.

The state and municipal bodies of authority and management constantly deal with requirements of the population for which satisfaction possess resources, but their resources are limited therefore use of marketing priorities and strategy becomes especially effective as allows: first, to increase productivity of state programs and services; secondly, creates a scientific basis for definition of strategy and management tactics according to requirements of the population; thirdly, optimizes all administrative cycle from definition of the purposes and tasks political leaders to an assessment of their election programs from the point of view of consumers; fourthly, provides mass support to power structures, trust growth to their policy and active participation of the population in state programs; fifthly, at civil servants the stereotype of thinking focused on needs of citizens is formed. ; Государственные и муниципальные органы власти и управления постоянно имеют дело с потребностями населения, для удовлетворения которых обладают ресурсами, но их ресурсы ограничены, поэтому использование маркетинговых приоритетов и стратегий становится особенно эффективным, так как позволяет, во-первых, повысить результативность государственных программ и услуг, во-вторых, создает научную основу для определения стратегии и тактики управления в соответствии с потребностями населения, в-третьих, оптимизирует весь управленческий цикл от определения целей и задач политическими лидерами до оценки их избирательных программ с точки зрения потребителей,в-четвертых, обеспечивает массовую поддержку властным структурам, рост доверия к их политике и активное участие населения в государственных программах, в-пятых, у государственных служащих формируется стереотип мышления, ориентированный на нужды граждан.

In this research paper analyses elements of the system of constraints established at transmission property of the state and municipal unitary enterprise in rent and gaps in legislation in this scope. Analyzed one of the types of rental property of the unitary enterprise-subrent. Conducted a retrospective analysis of the legal regulation of the rent property unitary enterprise. Made specific examples of the legal regulation the procedure for obtaining consent owner in the subject of the Russian Federation. ; В данной статье проводится анализ элементов системы ограничений, установленных при передаче в аренду имущества государственных и муниципальных унитарных предприятий, в том числе пробелы законодательства в данной сфере. Рассмотрен один из видов аренды имущества унитарного предприятия - субаренда. Проведён ретроспективный анализ правового регулирования аренды имущества унитарного предприятия. В работе приведены конкретные примеры правового регулирования, процедуры получения согласия собственника в субъектах РФ. Сделаны выводы о том, что в законодательстве прослеживается тенденция к уменьшению самостоятельности принятия унитарным предприятием решений по поводу распоряжения своим недвижимым имуществом.

Раздел I «Актуальные проблемы международного публичного права» ; В статье на основе анализа доктринальных подходов, международно-правовых документов, национального законодательства выявляются типические черты глобализации и обосновывается доминирующая роль международного права как регулятора интеграционных процессов во всех сферах международного сотрудничества. Автор приходит к выводу, что в современную эпоху универсализация правового регулирования на основе международного права является объективной потребностью глобализации международных отношений. = The author provides the detailed analysis of doctrines, international legal instruments, national legislation and determines typical features of globalization, gives the grounds a dominant role of International Law in legal regulation of integration processes in all spheres of international cooperation. The author comes to conclusion that at present the universality of legal regulation under of international law is the objective necessity of globalization of international relations.

The article is devoted to an important aspect of the fight against torture – inhuman and degrading treatment, related to its normative basis and its compliance with international and European legal standards. The authors propose a general and original approach to the compliance of national legislation with international legal acts in order to identify problems in the field and possible optimization solutions. The main problem identified in the field is related to ensuring the constitutionality of international legal acts signed and ratified by the Republic of Moldova. The basic proposal formulated by the authors refers to the recognition of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Moldova of the exclusive competence to verify the constitutionality of international treaties, especially at the stage prior to their ratification by the Parliament. So, in concrete terms, the substitution of the Ministry of Justice with the Constitutional Court in the exercise of the nominated attribution. This would avoid the eventual declaration of international treaties as unconstitutional after their ratification. In essence, these problems and solutions are perfectly valid for the legislative system dedicated to the fight against torture, inhuman and degrading treatment.

In November 1868, the Ministry of Enlightenment of Russia approved the Charter of the Russian Chemical Society (RCS), one of the Founding Members of which had been Dmitri Mendeleev. The first report on Mendeleev Periodic Table of Chemical Elements was delivered during a meeting of the RCS in March 1869. Therefore 1869 is considered by the world science as the year of discovery of the Periodic Law and formulation of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements. Year 2019 is the 150th anniversary since Dmitry Mendeleev discovered the Periodic System, and the United Nations proclaimed this year to be the International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements (IYPT2019). After a series of transformations, in 1992 the RCS became the Mendeleev Russian Chemical Society. In 2019, the RCS is holding anniversary events. The extraordinary Mendeleev Congress on General and Applied Chemistry is one of them. It will be held in Saint Petersburg in September 2019 and will host approximately 3,000 foreign and Russian participants. English-speaking symposia, conferences and round tables on current issues of strategic development of science and technology are planned as a part of the Congress.

In the modern epoch many countries, including China and Russia, have developed market economies of differing types. This work provides an analysis of the laws of market regulation, state regulation and proportional development, as well as an analysis of the relations between them, all of which are of exceptional scientific and political significance. The law of proportionality is a universal law of social production and of the national economy. The law of market regulation (the law of value) represents an important mechanism for implementing the law of proportionality in a commodity economy, and has played a decisive role in the application of this latter law from the time when the simple commodity economy was transformed into a capitalist commodity economy. The law of state regulation (the law of planning) is the means of realisation of the law of proportionality in collectivised production and in a state-regulated national economy. In China's socialist market economy the law of state regulation (the law of planning) and the law of market regulation (the law of value) are combined into an organic whole with fruitful, mutually reinforcing functions and synergetic effects, in order to bring the law of proportional development into play and to banish the old economic problem of disproportions in economic development. Through these methods, a larger mass of production can be achieved with a smaller expenditure of resources, while obtaining maximum benefit and bringing about a high level of economic and social well-being.

The article deals with issues related to the regulation of personal non-proprietary relations of parents and children, which are relevant at the present time as they provide the child with legal protection and the realization of opportunities. The main attention is paid to the issue of determining the child's citizenship under the laws of the Russian Federation and foreign law if there is a foreign element, which is applied when establishing the legal status of the child, which connects it with the state, giving the said person political and legal status of a citizen who distinguishes him from foreign citizens and stateless persons, in each case with a set of rights and obligations and responsibilities. Often, this status remains insufficiently regulated in the legislation of foreign countries, as well as in domestic law. It covers an issue related to the law applied when a conflict arises when establishing and disputing the child's origin from specific parents in the presence of a foreign element in foreign and Russian legislation, which often causes certain difficulties in establishing and disputing this fact, conferring on those persons mutual rights and obligations and depriving their rights and obligations. The provisions contained in foreign legislation must be used in the law–enforcement practice of the Russian Federation. The establishment of paternity (maternity) is considered in the article as a legal act and as a way to protect the rights of the child, since if the claim is satisfied, the violated rights of the said person are restored: the right to live and be brought up in a family, to know their parents. The Institute of the legalization of children born out of wedlock is considered, which has wide application in foreign legislation and is relevant for fixing in Russian law.

The paper discusses the main trends of public and political popular participation at the local level. The author analyses some problems of local self-government related to the lack of active popular participation in solving issues of local importance and the absence of effective mechanisms of interaction between government and society. The author declares public and political popular participation to be a source of development of local self-government. ; В статье рассматриваются основные тенденции общественно-политического участия населения на местах. Анализируются некоторые проблемы местного самоуправления, связанные с отсутствием активного участия населения в решении вопросов местного значения и отсутствием действенного механизма взаимодействия власти и общества. В качестве источника развития местного самоуправления объявляется общественно-политическое участие населения.

в данной статье путём сравнительно-правового метода описываются общие черты и различия в обязательствах вследствие причинения вреда в Российской Федерации и других странах континентальной правовой семьи ; а также характеризуется ответственность за вред ; причинённый недостатками товаров ; работ и услуг по законодательству стран англо-саксонской правовой семьи ; вносятся предложения по совершенствованию законодательства. ; using a comparative law method this article describes the similarities and differences in the obligations as a result of the injury in the Russian Federation and other countries of continental legal family ; characterizes the responsibility for harm caused by deficiencies of goods ; jobs and services under the laws of the countries in the Anglo-Saxon legal family. The work also suggests the ways to improve the legislation.

The article is dedicated to the memory of an outstanding employee of higher education - Doctor of Laws, Professor Oleg Igorevich Krassov, who made an invaluable contribution to the development and upholding of the independent nature of the branch of land law and legislation. O.I. Krassov substantiated the independence of land law especially through the analysis and development of the concepts of "legal regime" of lands, land plots and other objects, as well as through the concept of "land plot". Referring to the works of O.I. Krassov, in the current article his point of view is provided on the content of these concepts, determined by the norms of land, water, forestry, urban planning, natural resources (ecological), mining, and civil legislation. Oleg Igorevich is the founder of the studies of comparative land law. He has prepared monographs on land rights in Europe, common law countries, the Middle East, Africa and Asia. Taking this into account, and as an additional substantiation to his opinion on the independent nature of the branch of land law and legislation, O.I. Krassov referred to world's experience in the development of land law and rights to land and land plots in different countries. As a result, he advocated a unified legal regime for land plots. In his opinion, the legal regime of land plots is established not so much and not only by the norms of civil law and legislation, but by special rules established in land law, the Land Code, and land legislation.