Suchergebnisse

Levine Zachary Jonah. ; Thesis submitted in: November 2006. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-126). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; "Title Page, Abstracts, Acknowledgements" --- p.i-v ; Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter Chapter One: --- The Formation of a Taiwanese Identity --- p.6 ; Chapter Chapter Two: --- Literature Review --- p.27 ; Chapter Chapter Three: --- The Current State of Relations Between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China --- p.46 ; Chapter Chapter Four: --- The History and Nature of America's Security Commitment to Taiwan --- p.56 ; Chapter Chapter Five: --- Analysis of the Anti-Secession Law --- p.67 ; Chapter Chapter Six: --- Reasons Behind the Passage of the Anti-Secession Law --- p.76 ; Chapter Chapter Seven: --- Effects of the Anti-Secession Law --- p.93 ; Chapter Chapter Eight: --- Conclusion --- p.102 ; Sources --- p.107

Law, Wai Hin. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-109). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract ; Table of Content ; List of Abbreviation ; Preface ; Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction ; Chapter 1.1 --- Aim of Study ; Chapter 1.2 --- Theoretical approach ; Chapter 1.3 --- Methodology ; Chapter 1.4 --- Significance ; Chapter Chapter Two --- Theory ; Chapter 2.1 --- International Political Economy (IPE) ; Chapter 2.1.1 --- Mainstream IPE ; Chapter 2.1.2 --- New IPE ; Chapter 2.2 --- About theorizing change of the Greater Pearl River Delta ; Chapter 2.3 --- Region ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- Globalization ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- Regional integration ; Chapter 2.3.3 --- Regional integration in East Asia ; Chapter 2.3.4 --- Sub-regional integration in East Asia ; Chapter 2.4 --- National and sub-national Politics and centre-local relation: China ; Chapter 2.5 --- Summary ; Chapter Chapter Three --- Substantive Focus: the integration of the GPRD from the early 1980s to2004 ; Chapter 3.1 --- The integration of Hong Kong/Macau and the Pearl River Delta before ; Chapter 3.2 --- A period of break between 1997-2001 ; Chapter 3.3 --- A new phase of development starting from 2002 ; Chapter Chapter Four --- Evaluation of New International Political Economy ; Chapter Chapter Five --- Conclusion

This study explores a significant and little studied aspect of the pioneering doctrinal work of the Fajia tradition, the Book of Lord Shang 商君書 (ca. 260 B.C. -‐233 B.C.): its system of rewards. In contrast with previous scholarship that has questioned the existence of a coherent Legalist political vision and even its idea of law fa 法 or that has focused strictly on penalty, this study considers Fajia law and discipline not only viable categories for analysis, but also important conceptual products of the intensely competitive, bellicose political climate of the Warring States period. The central concern is with the character fa 法 in Fajia texts. Beginning with an analysis of the Book of Lord Shang's system of rewards, the study then examines how the use of the character fa 法 in this text distinguished itself from earlier usages and, hence, represents an important distinctly shared characteristic across Fajia texts generally. This shows that the Fajia system of rewards includes an important pedagogical aspect that requires the ruler's subjects to develop themselves for the sake of state development. Therefore, this study also evaluates the pedagogical value of Fajia rewards based on social scientific research on organismic learning. This pedagogical aspect of Fajia governance, the study argues, is the means through which the Fajia notion of law reinforces its cultural ideals of the state. ; 本文企圖考察在商君書(ca. 260 B.C. ‐ 233 B.C.)重要之一的方面:賞賜。以前的研究已經質疑連貫法家的政治思想,甚至其法律觀念鮮明特點的存在,或集中於嚴格刑罰的方面。可是這項研究認為法家的法律紀律的方面不只是可行的類別分析,還有法治觀念是戰國時期的競爭激烈,好戰的政治氣候的重要概念產品。最重要關注的是"法"字的意義在法家的文本。在開始本文分析商君書的獎勵系統。然後它探討如何在商君書中使用的"法"字,從早期的用途區分,以及它如何代表所有"法家"文本之間的一個重要的明顯特徵的共享。這表明,"法家"獎勵的系統包括一個重要的教學方面。它需要統治者的臣民來發展自己,為了國家的發展。因此,本文基於社會科學研究機體學習評估"法家"獎勵系統的教學價值。其實上,法家政治思想有這種教學方面的證明是強化了國家的文化理想的手段。 ; King, Brandon Russell. ; Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 415-424). ; Abstracts also in Chinese. ; Title from PDF title page (viewed on 11, October, 2016). ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

为什么中国地方人大的发展会存在一定程度的地方差异?本文以市级人大为例,分析了经济现代化与人大发展之间的关系。通过对全国性数据的定量分析,本文发现:首先,一个地方的经济发展水平越高,当地市级人大的立法权、监督权和代表功能的发展水平越高。第二,一个地方的第二、第三产业生产总值所占的比重越高,当地的市级人大越有可能在立法和代表方面发挥重要的作用。 ; 本文还利用丰富的定性资料和统计数据分析了其中的因果机制,发现随着经济现代化水平的不断提高,市级人大有更强的动力行使立法权、监督权和发挥代表功能,以应对经济现代化所带来的各种挑战;此外,经济现代化给市级人大的发展带来了更多的财政资源和人力资源,因此也就提升了市级人大的能力。因而经济现代化能够对人大的发展起到促进的作用。 ; 可以说,中国市级人大的发展是政治制度调适的一种表现形式,一方面,尽管市级人大已经逐渐摆"橡皮图章"的尴尬地位,但党对人大的领导仍然得到有效的维持;另一方面,人大的发展调整了人大与"一府两院"、人大与民众之间的关系,加强了制度化的横向分权和自下而上的问责:这可以在一定程度上减少官员违法滥权的现象,改善政府的施政绩效,提高政府的回应性,缓和社会矛盾,也就促进了社会的稳定,提高了政权的政绩合法性,因而有助于中共政权更好地适应经济现代化所带来的外部环境的变化。 ; 本文的发现表明,一方面,正如许多研究所揭示的,经济现代化的过程可能会造成社会的不稳定,并且给威权政体的生存带来威胁;然而另一方面,经济现代化又会促进威权政体中的政治制度进行调适,从而在一定程度上有利于促进社会的稳定和威权统治的延续。 ; 然而,需要指出的是,这种政治制度的调适具有一些难以克服的局限性,随着经济现代化水平的继续提高,政治制度调适的需求可能会进一步增加,但调适的空间可能会逐渐缩小,在这种情况下,威权统治者能否继续通过政治制度的调适来保持威权体制的生命力,则仍然是未知之数。 ; Why does regional variation exist in the development of Local People's Congresses in China? Taking Municipal People's Congresses (MPC) as cases, this research explores the relationship between economic modernization and the development of People's Congresses (PC). Based on quantitative analysis on national data, it reveals that, firstly, the higher the level of economic development, the higher the levels of MPCs' development in legislation, supervision and representation; secondly, the larger the proportion of the gross product of secondary and tertiary industries in GDP, the higher the development levels of MPCs' legislation and representation. ; This research also analyzes abundant qualitative and quantitative data to reveal the causal mechanism and finds that, firstly, as the modernization of economics, MPCs have stronger motivations to promote their legislation, supervision and representation for dealing with the challenges brought by economic modernization; secondly, economic modernization also increases the finanicial and human resources owned by MPCs, which is beneficial to the development of their capacities. Thus economic modernization can make contributions to PCs' development. ; The dissertation argues ...

Wong, Wai Man Natalie. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-128). ; Abstract also in Chinese. ; Notes --- p.vii ; Lists of Figures and Tables --- p.viii ; Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Background of the Study - Transboundary movement of electronic waste (e-waste) --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Definition of Structure of NGOs Networks --- p.8 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs) --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.3.1 --- Variables in TANs --- p.12 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of this Study --- p.18 ; Chapter 1.5 --- Methodology --- p.18 ; Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- REVIEWING TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACY NETWORKS IN TRANSNATIONAL ACTIVISM --- p.20 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Overview: Expansion of INGOs --- p.20 ; Chapter 2.1.1 --- Debates: State-centric vs. Non State-centric in World Politics --- p.22 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Transnational Activism in World Politics --- p.25 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Networks in Transnational Activisms --- p.28 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- Linkages in Transnational Activism between the North and the South --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- NGOs Networking: Two Levels Analysis --- p.32 ; Chapter 2.4 --- TANs in Transnational Activisms --- p.34 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Transnational Activism in Asia --- p.43 ; Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- WHAT HAS THE GREENPEACE DONE IN ANTI TOXIC E-WASTE CAMPAGINS IN CHINA AND THE PHILIPPINES? --- p.49 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Problems of e-waste --- p.49 ; Chapter 3.2 --- The Greenpeace China in Anti-toxic e-waste Campaign --- p.54 ; Chapter 3.3 --- The Greenpeace Philippines in Anti-toxic e-waste Campaign --- p.64 ; Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- COMPARISON OF THE STRUCTURE OF GREENPEACE NETWORKS IN CHINA AND THE PHILIPPINES --- p.76 ; Chapter 4.1 --- History of INGOs in China and the Philippines --- p.76 ; Chapter 4.1.1 --- History of INGOs in China --- p.76 ; Chapter 4.1.2 --- History of INGOs in the Philippines --- p.79 ; Chapter 4.2 --- Greenpeace - National Government Relationship --- p.92 ; Chapter 4.3 --- ...

Yu Hongyuan. ; "January 2004." ; Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. ; Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. ; Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. ; Mode of access: World Wide Web. ; Abstracts in English and Chinese.

In recent years, studies in the fields of both foreign policy analysis and international relations theory on China's domestic level have increased. However, these increases in studies have not been well received. Our research reviewed the related classical literature and the published literature over the past decade, seeking to find correlations among the various domestic factors and explore the progress of the operationalization of several variables. Our findings reveal that regime type and beliefs are the two variables which have been well studied in both of the fields of foreign policy analysis and international relations theory; that variables related to actors have been studied in the field of foreign policy analysis; and that new academic achievements inboth the studies have been adopted into the paradigms of international relations theory. These new developments have generally stimulated multilevel analysis in international relations. ; 近年来,国内政治层次在对外政策分析和国际关系理论两个领域的共同推动下,形成了一个要素庞多、交互复杂的知识网络体系,但却很少有研究兼顾宏观与微观双视角下去探究、梳理、整合这个知识体系。通过考察相关经典文献与近十年的研究成果,本文对国际关系研究中的国内政治解释进行类型化的分析,从宏观上寻找各要素之间的相关性,从微观上探索各变量的操作化进展。各变量在对外政策分析与国际关系理论两个领域的发展状况和深入程度存在差异,其中政体、观念等是两个领域的交互关系较深的变量,而行为体相关变量主要由对外政策分析领域推动,一些国际关系理论范式直接套用了这些研究成果。两个领域间相互推动发展的这种关系,不仅使国际关系研究不再只强调单方向、单层次的分析方法,而且互动与跨层次分析的成果也越来越丰富。

Cui, Yan. ; Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 236-251). ; Abstracts also in Chinese. ; Title from PDF title page (viewed on 15, September, 2016).

在網絡上,資訊技術及其使用改革了版權作品的使用方式。因特網根本性改變了版權市場。本文試圖論證,中國內地法律必須給予資訊技術足夠的發展空間,同時不能不合理地損害版權所有人的利益。 ; 本文認爲,在中國版權立法和適用中,版權功利主義理論起著根本性作用。根據功利主義,版權法的目標是促使社會文明的最大化發展。而且中國政府必須發展數字經濟,且須保證其版權法合理地促使網絡中間商運行和投資中國數字經濟。中國版權法需爲資訊技術提供足夠的發展空間。 ; 基於為資訊技術發展尋求足夠發展空間的目的,本文分析了Sony案抗辯,通知-删除避風港,誘導侵權和合理使用。中國必須合理解釋中國現有制度,從而避免給網絡中間商加以不合理的責任。關於版權侵權抗辯,中國應該引入美國的 Sony抗辯,作為衡量是否侵犯版權的一個因素。且避風港保護的範圍應該被擴展至包含所有網路中間商,以保證未來技術的未知發展擁有足夠的呼吸空間。而且,至少,中國應該採用某些善意轉換性使用的窮盡式合理使用抗辯,以促進現有技術的運行。且更合適的是,採用非窮盡式的合理使用抗辯,其範圍包括所有對社會有用的網路中間服務的必須運營活動,並通過確保資訊技術發展的方式。 ; 一個好的法律框架可以對人類的進步有著積極的影響,不然它會對社會發展起著阻礙作用。我們需要的法律框架應該同時促進版權和信息傳播技術的發展。這意味著,在保證版權産業正常運行的同時,該法律框架應爲技術發展提供肥沃的成長土壤。 ; Information technology and its usage on the internet have revolutionized the way in which various copyrighted works are captured, stored, copied and distributed. By expanding the breadth, diversity and sheer number of copyrighted works in existence, the internet has fundamentally changed the nature of copyright markets. ; This thesis attempts to argue that the laws in Mainland China should reserve enough space for information technologies to develop, without unreasonably prejudicing the interests of copyright holders. ; This thesis contends that the utilitarian justification for copyright plays an underlying role in both Chinese copyright legislation and judicial application. Under the utilitarian model in China, fostering a maximization of culture development is the aim of the copyright law. As such, in the era of information overload, the Chinese government should aim to develop the Digital Economy. In order to achieve this aim, it needs to start by ensuring that its copyright law appropriately enables Internet Intermediaries to operate and to invest in creating Chinese Digital Economy. Copyright law in China needs to create room to move. ; This thesis examines Sony defense, notice-and-take-down safe harbors, inducement liability and fair use, for the purpose of seeking enough space for information technology development. The existing rules in China, e.g. inducement liability, should be interpreted as ...

自20世纪90年代起,金融及法律界学者逐渐提出到境外发达资本市场上市可以发挥其 "捆绑"作用:企业可以通过跨越本国薄弱的法律机制,受制于发达国家的法律以及监管,实现公司治理的提高。"捆绑理论起源于美国, 但随后也被运用于全球市场的其他角落。 问题关键在于本国市场与境外市场之间是否存在一个"质量差距", 因为只有在"质量差距"存在的情况下,"捆绑"的作用才有可能产生。 ; 源于"香港"英文拼写中的第一个字母H,到香港上市的中国企业被统称为H-股公司。自"青岛啤酒"于1993成功于香港上市,至今香港联交所已有169 间H-股公司。其中,2002至2006 是到港上市的高峰期. 此期间,中国资本市场混乱,难以发挥为企业融资的作用。鉴于此,中国政府鼓励国内企业到香港上市,寄予通过香港更好的治理机制,实现对本土企业治理实践的提高。 ; 当前,人们普遍认为香港上市可以顺利提高中国企业的治理实践。如若事实如此,我们有理由相信中国本土市场与香港市场之间存在明显的"质量差距"。也就是说香港市场的治理体系优于国内市场。此文以中小股东保护为出发点,于以下几个方面探讨两地之间是否存在"质量差距":信息披露,独立董事,金融中介机构的"看门人"作用,证券法的公力救济,以及公司法,证券法的私力救济。 ; In the 1990s, finance and legal scholars gradually proffered the view that cross-listing in a developed market functions as a "bonding" mechanism: a firm may improve governance practices in spite of the home country's weak legal institutions by subjecting itself to the legal and regulatory regime of the developed market. Initially developed in the context of overseas companies listed in the US, this bonding effect has been applied to other places of the global market as well. Critical to this scenario is the existence of a "quality gap" between the home and the foreign markets, which must exist for generating the bonding effect. ; Chinese companies listed in Hong Kong are known as H-share companies for the first letter of the listing locality. Since the birth of the first H-share company, Tsingtao Beer, in 1993, a total of 168 H-share companies have floated on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong. A majority of these companies were listed between 2002 and 2006. Around this period, the two domestic exchanges were highly volatile and failed to provide an efficient fund-raising device for Chinese companies. Against this backdrop, the Chinese government adopted the strategy of encouraging domestic companies list in Hong Kong, which is perceived to be a better governance regime, thereby bonding the governance practices of Chinese companies to a superior standard. ; It is current conventional wisdom that the governance practices of Chinese companies can be enhanced indeed through ...

Unauthorised use of the trademark logo on social media on a massive scale has led to frequent legal conflicts between trademark holders, social media providers and internet users and legal uncertainty. The thesis concludes that trademark infringement and dilution laws in the U.S. and EU are inadequate to solve this problem. The trademark logo on social media should be protected against unauthorised use, even though it is not used to sell the good or service the trademark indicates, but is used in a commercial environment. Two premises for any solution are that first the enforcement should be made automatic, since litigation on a case-by-case basis is not scalable, and second that the safe harbour provisions for online service providers, that aggravate the problem, should be substituted for strict liability. The trademark logo can be seen as the personification of the trademark holder, and one can argue that the stability of the trademark logo is not only in the interest of the trademark holder but also of society at large. One can argue that trademark dilution already provides a kind of moral right of integrity for the trademark logo. However, this right is limited to trademark logos that are considered famous or have a reputation, and, moreover, that are used in a commercial way. This thesis argues that also the trademark logo that did not reach the requested level of fame or reputation and is used in a non-commercial way should also be protected against unauthorised use on social media. Therefore the moral right of integrity is proposed for the trademark logo. Until the law will be amended to include a moral right of integrity for the trademark logo, this thesis suggests to implement proactive solutions in the walled gardens of social media as a testing ground for potential legislation. This automated solution is scalable, makes intellectual property protection and enforcement not only effective but also more calibratable to social policy goals and will inevitable lead to an algorithmic justice. ...

謝蕾. ; "2002年11月". ; 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2002. ; 參考文獻(leaves 76-82). ; 附中英文摘要. ; "2002 nian 11 yue". ; Xie Lei. ; Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. ; Can kao wen xian (leaves 76-82). ; Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. ; 摘要 --- p.ii-iii ; 目錄 --- p.iv-v ; Chapter 第一章 --- 緖論 --- p.6 ; Chapter 一. --- 概述 --- p.6 ; Chapter 二. --- 研究方法 --- p.8 ; Chapter 三. --- 研究意義 --- p.10 ; Chapter 四. --- 本研究的結構 --- p.10 ; Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻回顧 --- p.11 ; Chapter 一. --- 國家與非營利部門 --- p.11 ; Chapter 二. --- 現有非營利組織法律體系的研究 --- p.18 ; Chapter 第三章 --- 研究框架 --- p.23 ; Chapter 一. --- 研究對象的說明 --- p.23 ; Chapter 二. --- 概念的提出 --- p.23 ; Chapter 三. --- 操作化 --- p.29 ; Chapter 第四章 --- 中國非營利組織現行法規的比較分析一一縱向比較 --- p.32 ; Chapter 一. --- 非營利組織管理法規立法的歷史回顧 --- p.32 ; Chapter 二. --- 1949年之後相關法規的對比分析 --- p.39 ; Chapter 三. --- 法規特徵分析 --- p.48 ; Chapter 四. --- 小結 --- p.49 ; Chapter 第五章 --- 特定國家/地區非營利組織法律框架比較一一横向比較 --- p.50 ; Chapter 一. --- 各國/地區法律體系的構成與發展 --- p.50 ; Chapter 二. --- 法律框架的比較 --- p.53 ; Chapter (一) --- 非營利組織與國家的政治關系比較 --- p.53 ; Chapter (二) --- 經濟關系 --- p.59 ; Chapter (三) --- 内部關系 --- p.61 ; Chapter 三. --- 分析總結 --- p.63 ; Chapter 第六章 --- 解釋分析 --- p.68 ; Chapter 一. --- 縱向比較結論:差異及其原因分析 --- p.68 ; Chapter 二. --- 橫向比較結論:差異及其原因分析 --- p.70 ; Chapter 三. --- 改進中國非營利組織法律環境的政策建議 --- p.73 ; Chapter 四. --- 本研究有待改進之處 --- p.75 ; 參考書目 --- p.76 ; 中文部分 --- p.76 ; 英文部分 --- p.78 ; 附錄(一):中國、新加坡、印度、日本和臺灣地區非營利組織法律、法規文本匯集(暫 缺巴西《非營利機構成立和運作法案》之英文版本) --- p.83 ; 附錄1中國非營利組織法律、法規匯編 --- p.83 ; 附錄1-1中國各歷史時期有關結社的法律規定 --- p.83 ; 附錄1-1.1 20世紀早期中國的补團狀況和相關法律 --- p.83 ; 附錄1-1.2國民黨政府時期的相關法規 --- p.83 ; 附錄1-1.3建國前中囯共産黨的相關法規 --- p.85 ; 附錄1-2中華人民共和國成立之後的非營利組織法律、法規 --- p.86 ; 附錄1-2. 1《社龠團體登記暂行辧法》(1950年) --- p.86 ; 附錄1-2. 2《社會圑體登記管理條例》(1989年) --- p.88 ; 附錄1-2. 3《社會團體登記管理條例》(1998年) --- p.90 ; 附錄1-2. 4《中華人民共和國公益事業捐贈法》(1999年) --- p.95 ; 附錄2-1新加坡《社團法》SOCIETIES ACT --- p.98 ; 附錄2-2新加坡《慈善組織法》Charities Act --- p.110 ; 附錄3印度《社團法》 --- p.146 ; 附錄4臺灣《人民圑體法》 --- p.153 ; 附錄5-1日本《非營利組織法》 --- p.159 ; 附錄5-2日本《民法典》 --- p.175 ; 附錄(二)中國民政部政府官員訪談(姓名略去)2002年2月7日 --- p.180 ; 圖表目錄 ; 表目錄 ...

學者研究中國上古時期政治思想,往往以漢武帝以後的儒家思想作為國家權力正當性的基礎,但是此理論的缺憾是,如果只以儒家思想作為國家意識形態的標誌,就難以解釋西漢武帝以前的國家權力正當性是如何運作的。其實早在作為中國最早期實行帝制的秦王朝,已憑著統一的法律標準與有利於專制王權實行管治的官僚機構,確立國家專制權力的基本模式。 ; 本文試圖從儒法之爭的框架跳出來,從法律思想的角度,考察先秦至秦代的法律觀念、法律與國家官僚機構的關係及法律原則與「國家意識形態」的關係等議題。為了更貼近自秦至秦知識分子的「生活世界」,本文採用回到文本本身的研究方法,找出反映儒、道、法各家思想特徵的文本及其中的思想如何互相對話與融合,並從中探討戰國中後期至秦的知識分子與國家官僚對法律與政治觀念的表達,及其中的政治關懷。 ; 本文將從法律思想與國家意識形態的角度,更緊密地考察法律觀念背後反映的政治權力意識,從先秦至秦「刑」、「法」的觀念與實踐的起源、秦國家法律標準、秦法律原則與官僚政治道德的關係三方面探討秦代國家專制權力的正當性基礎。 ; Conventional studies on Ancient Chinese political thoughts consider Confusianism as the basis for legitimising the ruling of the state. However, this theory fails at explaining the period before Han Wudi(漢武帝) officially proclaimed the supreme status of Confusianism. As early as Qin Dynasty(秦朝), the state has established a centralised authoritarian government through its standardised legal practice and complex bureaucratic system. ; Therefore, this study avoids the orthodoxy in explaining political thoughts with the struggle between Confucianism and Legalism and investigates the relationship of laws and the bureaucratic system as well as that of legal principals and state ideology in pre-Qin and Qin period. By scrutinising the contemporary thoughts through careful textual analysis, this study expounds the encountering of Confusianism, Daoism, and Legalism and also their synthesis. Upon this, it moves on further to examine how the literati and the bureaucrats in later Warring-States period(戰國時代) to Qin Dynasty delineated laws, political beliefs, and the political concerns therein. ; From the perspective of state ideology, this study aims at analysing the conception of political power as reflected by the legal thoughts in three dimensions: 1) the origin and practice of "xing"(刑) and "fa"(法) in Pre-Qin and Qin period; 2) the historical image and the relationship between legal standard and state ideology as embodied in the reform of Shang Yang(商鞅變法) in the Qin state(秦國); and 3) the legal principles and the political morality of the state bureaucrats in the later ...