Suchergebnisse

This thesis deals on integration of ASEAN. The primary objective of this thesis is to find out the potential of ASEAN to be politically and economically integrated like EU, and the kind of difficulties it may face in a mid way. Since EU is a pioneer and benchmark for any integration and ASEAN takes EU as a reference, I choose EU as a base to compare the progress of ASEAN. As for the theoretical aspect, integration theory and its importance in global scenario is discussed. The research sought after the way ahead for ASEAN. This study is based on a comparative analysis of the development of both EU and ASEAN. The information and literature needed for the thesis will be collected from open source, which is easily accessible to all. After analyzing the historical background, present development and future prospect, I think ASEAN is turning out to be the successful regional cooperation. Even though ASEAN took reference from EU in its development, It don´t need to be like EU. Being the cooperation from different group of differently diversified nations, It can pave its own way forward and can lay good precedent for other upcoming regional co-operations. ; M-IR

The recent Nobel Prize assigned to Paul Krugman "for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity" witnesses the important role that the scienti�c community gives to the insights of the so-called New Economic Geography (NEG) literature. This field of economic analysis has always been particularly appealing to policy makers, given the direct link between its results and regional policy rules. For the same reason it is useful to deepen the analysis of its most important outputs by testing the theoretical robustness of some of its more relevant statements. This thesis tries to o¤er a contribution in this direction by focusing on a particular sub-field of NEG literature, the so-called New Economic Geography and Growth (NEGG) literature, having in Baldwin and Martin (2004) and Baldwin et. al (2004) the most important theoretical syntheses. These two surveys collect and present in an uni�ed framework the works by Baldwin, Martin and Ottaviano (2001), where capital is immobile and spillovers are localized, Martin and Ottaviano (1999) where spillovers are global and capital is mobile. Other related papers are Baldwin (1999) which introduces forward looking expectations in the so-called Footloose capital model developed by Martin and Rogers (1995); Baldwin and Forslid (1999) which introduces endogenous growth by means of a q-theory approach; Baldwin and Forslid (2000) where spillovers are localized, capital is immobile and migration is allowed. Some more recent developments in the NEGG literature can be distinguished in two main strands. One takes into consideration factor price differences in order to discuss the possibility of a monotonic relation between agglomeration and integration (Bellone and Maupertuis (2003) and Andres (2007)). The other one assumes firms heterogeneity in productivity (first introduced by Eaton and Kortum (2002) and Melitz (2003)) in order to analyse the relationship between growth and the spatial selection e¤ect leading the most productive firms to move to larger markets (see Baldwin and Okubo (2006) and Baldwin and Robert-Nicoud (2008). These recent developments are related to our work in introducing some relevant departures from the standard model. Indeed this thesis develops and extends the theoretical framework of New Economic Geography theory along several routes. In the third chapter of the thesis we develop a New Economic Geography and Growth model which, by using a CES utility function in the second-stage optimization problem, allows for expenditure shares in industrial goods to be endogenously determined. The implications of our generalization are quite rel-evant. In particular, we obtain the following novel results: 1) catastrophic agglomeration may always take place, whatever the degree of market integration, provided that the traditional and the industrial goods are su¢ ciently good substitutes; 2) the regional rate of growth is affected by the interregional allocation of economic activities even in the absence of localized spillovers, so that geography always matters for growth and 3) the regional rate of growth is af- fected by the degree of market openness: in particular, depending on whether the traditional and the industrial goods are good or poor substitutes, economic integration may be respectively growth-enhancing or growth-detrimental. In the fourth chapter of the thesis we build a New Economic Geography and Growth model based on Baldwin, Martin and Ottaviano (2001) with an additional sector producing Non-tradable goods (services). By assuming intersectoral and localized knowledge spillovers from the innovation sector to the service sector, we show that firms'allocation affects regional real growth. More precisely we assume that the unit labour requirements (and thereby the prices) in the service production are a negative function of the output of innovation, i.e. the stock of knowledge capital. Due to this new specification, real growth rates in the two regions always diverge when the firms allocation pattern differs from the symmetric one. This result is a novelty in the standard theoretical NEGG literature where regional gap in real growth rate is always zero. Moreover, this result has strong policy implications because it suggests that concentrating in- dustries in only one region may also bring a dynamic loss for the periphery. By analyzing the trade-o¤ between the dynamic gains of agglomeration (due to localized intertemporal spillovers) and the dynamic loss of agglomeration (due to localized intersectoral spillovers), we also discuss different notions of optimal level of agglomeration. The thesis will proceed as follows: in the chapters one and two we describe the state of the art in New Economic Geography and its further developments such as the New Economic Geography and Growth, the possibility of a monotonic relation between agglomeration and integration, and finally the firms heterogeneity in New Economic Geography models. Instead in chapters three and four we present our original contribution to the theory, i.e. the analysis of endogenous expenditure shares and intersectoral knowledge spillovers on the agglomeration patterns and economic growth.

Intro -- Inhalt -- Verzeichnis der Autorinnen und Autoren -- Abstracts in deutscher und italienischer Sprache -- Einleitung/Introduzione -- (Stefan Immerfall / R. Rosella Pugliese) Integration vor Ort. Die Praxis der Asylpolitik im deutsch-italienischen Vergleich -- (Stefan Immerfall / R. Rosella Pugliese) L'integrazione sul posto. Asilo politico e il processo di integrazione nel confronto italo-tedesco -- I. Akteure und Rahmen der Flüchtlingspolitik -- (Stefan Immerfall) Deutsche Asyl- und Flüchtlingspolitik im europäischen Mehrebenensystem -- (Jörg Bogumil / Jonas Hafner) Kommunale Migrations- und Integrationspolitik in Deutschland -- (Susanne Worbs) Deutschland vier Jahre nach der "Flüchtlingskrise": Haben wir's geschafft? -- (Mario Caterini) Integrazione culturale e sistema penale dal Mediterraneo al Mare del Nord -- II. Sprachliche Integration und neue Lernformen -- (R. Rosella Pugliese) Sprach(en)politik der Integration im deutsch-italienischen Vergleich -- (Nazli Hodaie) Mit Sprache zur Fachkompetenz. Sprachlernen in den MINT-Fächern -- (Sara Mazzei / Luise Schimmel / Miriam Stock / Valentina Zecca) Il ruolo di tutor e mediatori madrelingua nell'integrazione dei minori stranieri arabofoni. I casi italiano e tedesco -- (Petra Deger / Monika Gonser / Martin Lange / Friedhelm Pfeiffer) Arbeitsmarktintegration als Herausforderung. Die Kooperation von Wissenschaft und Praxis im Reallabor Asylsuchende in der Rhein-Neckar-Region -- III. Gesellschaftliche Integration in Kommunen und Regionen -- (Fiorella de Rosa) Le comunità italo-albanesi dell'Italia meridionale Percorsi di integrazione -- (Anne-Katrin Schührer) Soziale Inklusion durch bürgerschaftliches Engagement? -- (Rosalbino Turco / Arianna Jennifer Turco) La scuola come laboratorio di "cittadinanza interculturale".

Preliminary Material -- PREFACE /M.C.W. Pinto and J.J.G. Syatauw -- INTRODUCTION /LUKAS DE BLOIS , HARRY W. PLEKET and JOHN RICH -- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS -- ROMANS AND MUGHALS ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN A TRIBUTARY EMPIRE /PETER FIBIGER BANG -- THE ROMAN ECONOMY: FROM CITIES TO EMPIRE /WILLEM M. JONGMAN -- TAX TRANSFERS IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE /LUUK DE LIGT -- THE IMPACT AND INTERACTION OF STATE TRANSPORT IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE /ANNE KOLB -- MILITARY SUPPLY DURING WARTIME /JOSÉ REMESAL RODRÍGUEZ -- 'A STARVING MOB HAS NO RESPECt' URBAN MARKETS AND FOOD RIOTS IN THE ROMAN WORLD, 100 B.C. – 400 A.D. /PAUL P.M. ERDKAMP -- CALLISTUS'S CASE SOME LEGAL ASPECTS OF ROMAN BUSINESS ACTIVITIES /WILLEM J. ZWALVE -- PROLOGUE AND EPILOGUE. THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECT OF ROME'S ARRIVAL IN AND DEPARTURE FROM GAUL /JOHN F. DRINKWATER -- INDICATEURS PALEOENVIRONNEMENTAUX ET ECONOMIE RURALE LE CAS DE LA GAULE NARBONNAISE /PHILIPPE LEVEAU -- COIN USE IN AND AROUND MILITARY CAMPS ON THE LOWER-RHINE: NIJMEGEN - KOPS PLATEAU /JOS P.A. VAN DER VIN -- THE ECONOMIC FRINGE: THE REACH OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE IN ROUGH CILICIA /HUGH W. ELTON -- IMPACTS BEYOND EMPIRE: ROME AND THE GARAMANTES OF THE SAHARA /DAVID J. MATTINGLY -- THE CRISIS OF THE THIRD CENTURY A.D. IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE: A MODERN MYTH? /LUKAS DE BLOIS -- COSTO DEL LAVORO E POTERE D'ACQUISTO NELL'EDITTO DEI PREZZI /ANTONIO POLICHETTI -- UNSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; THE ORIGIN OF RUINED LANDSCAPES IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE /WOLFGANG LIEBESCHUETZ -- ECONOMIC COLLAPSE IN THE COUNTRYSIDE AND THE CONSEQUENT TRANSFORMATION OF CITY INTO FORTRESS IN LATE ANTIQUITY /ANDREW G. POULTER.

Frontmatter -- Inhalt -- Vorwort -- Prefazione -- Semiotica della fuga / Semiotik der Flucht -- Attraverso il Mediterraneo: la linea del confine e le sue parole nel mare di mezzo / Über den Mittelmeerraum: Die Grenze und ihre Diskurse im ›Meer der Mitte‹ -- »Grenzen der Gastfreundschaft«: Kulturelle Praktiken und performative Aushandlungen von Grenzen in transozeanischen Fluchträumen / I confini dell'ospitalità: pratiche culturali e negoziazioni di confini in spazi di fuga transoceanici -- HomoTransNationalismus in den Borderlands Italien: eine exemplarische Analyse ineinandergreifender Diskurse zu Sexual Citizenship in Italien mit Hilfe des Konzepts der Bordertexturen / Omotransnazionalismo nei borderlands italiani: un'analisi esemplare di discorsi intrecciati sulla ›sexual citizenship‹ in Italia basata sul concetto di bordertextures -- Eine zwiespältige Aufnahmepraxis im italienisch-österreichischen Grenzraum. Die Asylbewerber fuori quota zwischen lokalen Medien und Mikropolitik des Andersseins1 / Un'ambigua accoglienza sul confine Italo-Austriaco. I richiedenti asilo fuori quota tra media locali e micro-politiche dell'alterità -- La Santa Fuga: attualità e prospettive / La Santa Fuga: attualità e prospettive -- »Ma misi me per l'alto mare aperto«1 / »Ich begab aufs hohe weite Meer mich« -- Flucht und Vertreibung in kontrastierender mittelhochdeutscher Perspektive. Der ›Flüchtling‹ Dietrich von Bern1 / Fuga e cacciata in un'analisi contrastiva dalla prospettiva dell'alto tedesco medio: il rifugiato Dietrich von Bern/di Berna -- L'esilio di Primo Levi o il discorso universale dell'ebreo diasporico / Das Exil Primo Levis oder der universelle Diskurs über den ›diasporischen Juden‹ -- Zweierlei Vertreibung? Zur Darstellung von odsun/Vertreibung in der deutschen und tschechischen Literatur / Due modalità dell'espulsione: sulla sua rappresentazione nella letteratura tedesca e ceca -- Italiani in Fuga fuori e dentro di sé. Come il concetto di Fuga si declina negli scritti dei migranti italiani nel cuore dell'Europa / Italiener auf der Flucht vor sich und in sich selbst. Facetten des Konzepts der Flucht in den Schriften italienischer Migranten im Herzen Europas -- Beim Bau der amerikanischen Mauer. Zeitgemäße Beobachtungen zu einer alten Geschichte / Durante la costruzione della muraglia americana. Osservazioni contemporanee su una vecchia storia -- Autorinnen und Autoren -- Autrici e autori

Power systems have been undergoing radical changes in recent years, and their planning and operation will be surely undertaken according to the Smart Grid (SG) vision in the near future. The SG initiatives aim at introducing new technologies and services in power systems, to make the electrical networks more reliable, efficient, secure and environmentally-friendly. In particular, it is expected that communication technologies, computational intelligence and distributed energy sources will be widely used for the whole power system in an integrated fashion. In particular, nowadays, unprecedented challenges like as stringent regulations, environmental concerns, growing demand for high quality, reliable electricity and rising customer expectations are forcing utilities to rethink about electricity generation and delivery from the bottom up. Moreover, the availability of low cost computing and telecommunications technologies, new generation options, and scalable, modular automation systems push utilities to be dynamic, innovative and ambitious enough to take advantage of them. Driven by the dynamics of the new energy environment, leading utilities, technology vendors and government organizations have created a vision of the next generation of energy delivery systems: the Smart Grid. Operational changes of the grid, caused by restructuring of the electric utility industry and electricity storage technology advancements, have created an opportunity for storage systems to provide unique services to the evolving grid. Especially Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs), thanks to the large number and variety of services they can provide, are powerful tools for the solution of some challenges that future grids will face. This consideration makes BESSs critical components of the future grids. The BESS can be applied for different services into the different levels of power system chain to satisfy technical challenges and provide financial benefits. In the context of the application of BESSs in SGs, there are two main problems that need to be addressed in a way that exploits the BESS potential, that are linked to their operation and sizing. This thesis focuses on both these aspects, proposing new strategies that allow optimizing the BESS adoption. When dealing with BESSs, sizing and operation are strictly linked. The correct sizing of a BESS, in fact, needs to take into account its operation which in turn will be effected with the aim of optimizing the whole system where it is included. In the first part of this research study, advanced optimal operating strategies were proposed for BESSs by considering both the distribution system operator perspective and the end user. Thus, the proposed operating strategies were performed with the aim of (i) leveling the active power requested by the loads connected to a distribution system (distribution system operator service), (ii) reducing the electricity costs sustained by an end-use costumer that provides demand response (DR) (end user service) and (iii) scheduling a microgrid (µG) with DR resources such as Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) and Data Centers (DCs) (both the two section service). The proposed strategies also satisfied technical constraints of BESSs and other components of the µG. The second part of the thesis presented the optimal sizing of BESSs aimed at maximizing the benefits related to their use. In the thesis, the sizing, which is performed by considering the end user point of view with reference to both the industrial and residential customers, is effected by adopting both deterministic and probabilistic approaches. With reference to the deterministic approach, a simple and quick closed form procedure for the sizing of BESSs in residential and industrial applications was proposed. In case of probabilistic approach, the case of a BESS installed in an industrial facility was considered and the sizing was performed based on the decision theory. Technical improvements and economic benefits of optimal operation and optimal sizing of BESSs in SG are demonstrated by the obtained results which are reported in the numerical applications. More specifically, it was clearly determined that BESSs can offer technical supports into the distribution operator section of the grid in terms of load management and security challenges. Moreover optimal integration of BESSs into the grid was also appealing for end users thanks to valuable amounts of electricity bill cost reduction. Regarding the original contribution of the thesis, the following considerations can be done. With reference to the load leveling service, an innovative two-step procedure (day-ahead scheduling and very short time predictive control) was proposed which optimally controls a BESS connected to a distribution substation in order to perform load leveling. In case of DR, a proper control of the BESS was proposed in order to perform DR under different price schemes, such as Real Time Pricing (RTP) and Time of Use (TOU) without modifying the daily work cycle of the industrial loads. The control procedure allows achieving contemporaneously two important goals that are the reduction of the bill costs and the prolonging the battery's lifetime so further reducing the costs sustained by the customer. With reference to the scheduling of microgrids, the original contribution of the thesis is focused on the proposal of optimization strategies aimed at managing and coordinating, simultaneously, batteries on board of vehicles or equipping data centers' Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) and Distributed Generation (DG) units. Also comparisons among different single-objective based strategies are made in order to highlight the most convenient. With reference to the sizing based on deterministic approach, unlike the other relating literature, the innovative contribution is that the closed form procedure takes into account both the technical constraints of the battery and contractual agreements between the customer and the utility. Moreover, in the economical analysis performed for the sizing, which is applied with reference to both residential and small industrial customers and is based on actual TOU tariffs, a wide sensitivity analysis to consider different perspectives in terms of life span and future costs was performed. Some aspects that affect the profitability of the battery, such as technological limitations (e.g. the battery and converter efficiency), economic barriers (e.g. capital cost and the rate of change of the cost) and variation of the load profile along the years were deeply analyzed. In case of sizing based on probabilistic approach, the original contributions of the thesis are mainly referred to the proposal of a new method that uses a decision theory-based process to obtain the best sizing alternative considering the various uncertainties affecting the sizing procedure. The thesis is organized in three chapters which are dealing with integration of BESSs in SGs. The first chapter reports basic concepts and characteristics of BESSs, fundamental components and features of SGs and different services that BESSs can provide. The optimal operation strategies of BESS are considered in second chapter which includes their problem formulation, solving procedures and results. The third chapter deals with the optimal sizing problem of BESSs for which the problem formulation, solving procedures and results are reported. Finally, the conclusions are presented in the last part of thesis.

Food security is one of the most complex problems that the world is facing today. This paper discusses the role of international trade in food security and analyzes whether there is a real option to promote or attract land investments, alongside domestic production and international trade for the nations touched by food insecurity. Considering food security as a common purpose for all nations, independently of their level of development or political ideologies, the research concludes that serious cooperation within international agricultural trade negotiations represents the main step towards resolving the most important world challenges such as achieving global food security alongside "Green Growth". International trade is connected with economic development: free trade brings on medium and long term economic growth. Fighting against poverty requires efficient economic policies and, due to the high degree of economic integration reached by the international economy, this is possible only if governments cooperate with each other and with international organizations, avoiding protectionism.

This wide-ranging theme takes Braudel's concept of the "Mediterranean" as its starting point. Braudel's vision of an enclosed sea as a geographical opportunity for economic integration between nations with different religions, languages and ethnicities and political bodies still functions as a model for studies on a wide range of contexts. The goal of the 50th Study Week was to go beyond the study of individual systems in isolation, and to combine instead different analysis of open and enclosed seas or coastal areas in order to understand the integration role played by maritime connections in Europe. Since in pre-industrial civilizations water transport was easier than land transport, the time has come to bring attention to the way these relationship networks operated both on a European level and with Asian and North African trade partners. This volume starts from the great research traditions which have, however, rarely been integrated on a larger and continental scale, and analyses them on either a regional or thematic basis. Immanuel Wallerstein has developed Braudel's concept by conceptualising its intercultural and transnational dimensions and its role in the system of labour. He called it a "world system", not because it involves the whole world, but because it is larger than any legally defined political unit. And it is a "world economy" because the base link between the different parts of the system has an economic nature. The various regional research aspects and traditions have been linked together in a coherent approach which aims at evaluating: - What geographical, nautical, technical, economic, legal, social and cultural elements influenced the emergence of the various regional networks, and how these worked; - The nature and role of seaports as nodal points of sea routes and of their hinterland through rivers, canals and roads; - The commercial and personal ties between merchants and shipowners in various ports; - How regional networks connected with each other and how, over time, they ended up integrating into larger units; - How private networks, initially between merchant and seafarer organizations, ended up dealing with local authorities and, after their growth, with states and empires in order to protect their interests.

According to received literature, vertical integration may enjoy a social superiority due to the ability to internalize the externality that goes back from the pricing policy of the downstream firm to the profits of the upstream firm. We challenge this result introducing process R&D in a broad set of scenarios with vertically symmetric and asymmetric R&D commitments. In some of these contexts a reversed sequence of socially desirable vertical arrangements arises, making out-sourcing superior. In other circumstances disintegration is privately superior but socially in efficient. Finally, vertically asymmetric costs of R&D are considered to allow for a wider range of applications.

Grundlagen des Immaterialgüterrechts: Das italienische, europäische und internationale Markenrecht und Markenprozessrecht von Christoph Perathoner -- Introduzione al diritto brevettuale italiano von Niccolò Ferretti und Alessandro Zito -- Introduzione al design in Italia: uno sguardo d'insieme von Niccolò Ferretti und Alessandro Zito -- Die Grundzüge des Designrechts in Deutschland von Philipp Steichele -- Aktuelle Rechtsprechung zum österreichischen und europäischen Urheberrecht von Manfred Büchele -- Die geographischen Angaben im CETA-Abkommen: Keine neuen Schläuche für alten Wein von Georg Miribung -- Schwerpunkt: Schadensersatz wegen Verletzung von Immaterialgüterrechten: Der europäische Deliktsgerichtsstand und die gewerblichen Schutzrechte - Art. 7 Nr. 2 Brüssel Ia-VO im Lichte der aktuellen Rechtsprechung von Peter Kindler -- Das Schutzlandprinzip als Grundlage für die Behandlung von grenzüberschreitenden Schadensersatzansprüchen aus der Verletzung geistigen Eigentums von Simon Laimer -- Schadensersatz und Gewinnherausgabe bei Immaterialgüterrechtsverletzungen nach italienischem Recht von Gregor Christandl -- Weiterführende Fragen und Ausblick: I profili costituzionali della tutela dei diritti sui beni immateriali von Carola Pagliarin -- Immaterialgüter und europäisches Wettbewerbsrecht von Thomas Müller.-Der strafrechtliche Schutz vor industrieller Produktpiraterie im Lichte nationaler, europäischer und internationaler Vorgaben von Lukas Staffler -- Ausblick auf die zukünftige Entwicklung des Internationalen Immaterialgüterrechts in der Europäischen Union von Andreas Schwartze.

[La costituzione economica europea. Osservazioni sulla storia di un'idea irrealizzabile] This essay deals with the development of the integration project in the light of Polanyi's insights, first, with its so-called formative phase. Thereafter it addresses the post-foundational phase, which was characterized by enormous efforts to transform Europe's economy into a "highly competitive social market economy". Finally, it deals with the consummation of market integration by the establishment of Monetary Union. The monetary Union included an erosion of the notion of rule-oriented economic governance and, more drastically, the replacement of the economic constitution by emergency governance. A Governance that represents a technocratic exercise or a praxis that escapes the quest for democratic legitimacy and the constraint of the rule of law.

The aim of the research is to analyze the role of the consumer in a detailed way. Firstly I defined the concepts of "consumption" and "consumer", giving relief to the socio-economic theories that have characterized the subject during recent years,and taking in consideration the process of consumption and the behavioral and decisional theories proper of the consumer. Moreover, I have deeply analyzed the consumer under the juridical aspect, from the mere legal recognition to the trial and the efforts sustained by the European Legislator during the last years with the purpose of creating a system of common rules with the final goal of guaranteeing a high-level of protection to the consumer in international contracts and assuring the correct operation of the Single Internal Market founding the discipline on a competitive model. Great relief is given to the "Rome I Regulation" on the choice of the law aplicable to contracts and to the "Bruxelles Convention" on the competent court.