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The article highlights the role of international standards in criminal justice. The authors states that international standards are the social tool for correction of penitentiary policy of the state, ease of mechanism of state enforcement (namely in separate detention of some criminals). The implementation of recognized international standards, methods and work conditions of penitentiary organizations plays a great role of the development of this sphere.

The article substantiates the need for training personnel with theoretical knowledge in the field of the history of Eurasianism as a civilizational space, cultural and historical features of the Eurasian states, as well as those who are able to work in a multinational team, research and design activities to improve the efficiency of integration processes in the post-Soviet space. The main approaches to the development and implementation of the Master's program in sociology «Integration processes in Eurasia» are proposed, the purpose of which is to form a pool of specialists with the necessary competencies for this: research, preparation of predictive and analytical recommendations for government agencies and various organizations, participation in the implementation of interstate programs. The socio-humanitarian meanings of the development of integration interaction of the EAEU member states, the tasks of promoting socio-humanitarian values for the development of Eurasian integration are substantiated. Based on expert assessments, conditions have been proposed to guarantee the successful implementation of the program: the introduction of new teaching methods and technologies; broad partnership with employers and public organizations; the use of the advantages of digitalization of the educational process, programs, applications and other digital resources for
e-learning both remotely and directly at the university; the introduction of online courses. The ideas formulated in the article can be used in the development of educational programs for the training and education of not only specialists — sociologists, but also other specialists of social and humanitarian professions, additional professional programs (advanced training programs and professional retraining programs) for representatives of institutions of the Eurasian Economic Union, public authorities, business and non-profit sector of the EAEU member states and other countries, a network program in the field of Eurasian integration of the Eurasian Network University (ESU), a Network CIS universities, Slavic universities, etc.

Ключевые слова: европейская безопасность; интеграция интеграций; ЕАЭС; ЕС; региональные межправительственные организации; средства массовой информации; вызовы и риски; общие угрозы; международный порядок; острая сила. = Key words: European security; integration of integrations; EAEU; EU; regional intergovernmental organizations; mass media; challenges and risks; common threats; international order; sharp power. ; В статье показано, что во втором десятилетии ХХ в. перестали выполняться важнейшие соглашения, лежавшие в основе европейской безопасности с конца прошлого столетия. И российское руководство, и руководство ЕС первоначально были положительно настроены в отношении интеграции интеграций – создания единого экономического и политического пространства от Лиссабона до Владивостока. C 2014 г. ситуация поменялась. Значительный вклад в расшатывание основ европейской безопасности внесли крупнейшие западные и российские СМИ. Мюнхенская конференция по безопасности 2018 г. показала значительную дивергенцию мнений европейских политиков по поводу набора общих угроз, в том числе таких, как рост политического радикализма, ненормированная миграция, проведение гибридных операций, влияющих на результаты выборов. Россия использует в своей внешней политике целый набор инструментов, который может быть охарактеризован, как «острая сила». В статье продемонстрировано, что накал противостояния между Россией и Западом продолжает негативно сказываться на состоянии европейской безопасности и процессах евразийской интеграции. ; The article demonstrates that the most important agreements underpinning the European security since the end of the preceding century stopped being implemented in the second decade of the 21st century. The Russian leaders and EU leaders initially favorably viewed the idea of «integration of integrations»: creating a common economic and political space from Lisbon to Vladivostok. This has changed since 2014. Powerful Western and Russian media made a substantial contribution to undermining the foundations of the European security. Munich Security Conference 2018 demonstrated an essential diversion of the European politicians' opinions on the number of common threats, including the growth of political radical-ism, the abnormal migration and conducting of hybrid operations, which could influence the elections' results. The Russian Federation uses in its foreign policy a number of tools, which could be described as «sharp power». The article demonstrates that the level of confrontation between Russia and the West persistently negatively affects the situation in European security and the development of the Eurasian integration.

УДК 341.1+342.2Subject. The article substantiates the need for a special system of legislation for any project of international integration. Only such system, being integral, may, firstly, become the basis for the formation of an integrative law of this integration project, and secondly, have a supranational constitutionality, giving the ability to individual enforcement.Purpose. The purpose of this paper is the design of the constitutional-legal mechanisms of international integration in the scope of an integrative understanding of law and law enforcement.Methodology. The author uses methods of theoretical analysis, particularly the theory of integrative legal consciousness, as well as legal methods, including formal legal method and comparative law.Results, scope of application. The author points out that the formation of a single legal space in the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), as well as in Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Community before, is a development of constitutional law of supranational level, not of international law. The integration of law and integrality of the legislation are prerequisite for the success of the interstate Eurasian integration.Integration of law means the completeness of its internal structure, implies the indissoluble inner coherence of the law, its wholeness, unity. Coherent legal norms, embodied in legislation, can only create the phenomenon of law. The law should be understood as a metasystem, supersystem, it accumulates all socially significant systems and integrates the values of the law itself, its principles, values, other social regulators and regulated spheres of social relations. Attempts to apply the concept of "integration", but to abandon the notion of "integrality" are unreasonable, this terminological dichotomy is just a word game.If we talk about law, it is more appropriate to talk about it's iintegrity, but if we talk about legislation, emerging to accelerate and deepen integration processes, it is more appropriate to talk about integrality.The author critically analyzes the features of an integrative understanding of law that are highlighted in the legal literature.The results of the study can be applied in the design of the constitutional-legal mechanisms of interstate Eurasian integration in the framework of the legal modernization of the modern Russian state.Conclusions. The author comes to the conclusion that the use of integral norms of the legislation makes the law alive and develop the integration models. Instability of legal regulation is a serious challenge to the integrity of Russian law. Emerging legislation of the Union State of Russia and Belarus and the Eurasian Economic Union are integral, but the law of these political and legal entities is not integrative today, it does not exist simply. As a consequence, law enforcement in the States participating in the interstate integration is carried out only through the implementation of national legislation. ; УДК 341.1+342.2В статье рассматривается необходимость формирования особой системы законодательства для любого проекта межгосударственной интеграции, которая, обладая качеством интегральной системы, только и может, во-первых, быть основой формирования интегративного права этого интеграционного проекта, во-вторых, обладать наднациональной конституционностью, дающей способность к индивидуальному правоприменению.

The Eurasian Economic Union (EEN) is the largest association having a number of advantages, nevertheless, it experiences some difficulties. We used statistical data of Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat),Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation, the World Bank, the Eurasian Development Bank (EDB), analytical articles and published reports of the EDB Center for Integration Studies in the research. As a result, we assessed integration level of the EEU countries, detected integration and disintegration trends, external and internal problems, which impede partnership strengthening, and analyzed government support aimed at solving these problems. Reduction of EEN trade was resulted from the crisis in Russia, which has the largest economyamong the participating countries and which provides the highest level of participation in trade. At the same time, the EEN is an absorber of negative impact of external shocks. Reasons for trade decline are very different,but the main ones are: price factor, world economy slowdown, sanctions extension and retaliatory measures of Russia, easing of the rate of Russian ruble to US dollar. The study shows the opportunities and directionsfor deepening integration based on Russian exportAoriented import substitution in the agroAindustrial complex. Such a policy should provide for further stimulation of own private production, processing of agricultural raw materials, optimization of existing value chains and organization of new ones, ensuring competitivenessof agricultural and food products through improving product quality and cooperation development in the agroAindustrial complex. ; ЕАЭС являясь крупнейшим интеграционным объединением и изначально обладающее рядом преимуществ, тем не менее, испытывает сложности. В статье на основе статистических данных Федеральной службы государственной статистики, Федеральной таможенной службы РФ, Всемирного банка, Евразийского банка развития, аналитических материалов и публикуемых отчетов Центра интеграционных исследований ЕАБР произведена оценка уровня интеграции странAчленов ЕАЭС, выявлены интеграционные и дезинтеграционные тренды, проблемы внешнего и внутреннего характера, препятствующие укреплению партнёрских отношений.Проанализированы меры государственной поддержки, направленные на решение указанных проблем. Методологические аспекты исследования реализуются посредством использования системного и комплексного подхода, логического метода, сравнительного и ситуационного анализа. Эффекты интеграции инициируют разнонаправленные тренды во взаимной торговле. На сокращение взаимной торговли существенное влияние оказал кризис в России, имеющей самую большую экономику среди странAучастниц и обеспечивающей самый высокий уровень участия в товарообороте. В тоже время ЕАЭС в определенной степени играет роль амортизатора негативного влияния внешних шоков. Причинами снижения торговли странAчленов ЕАЭС весьма различны, среди основных из них ценовой фактор, замедление темпов роста мировой экономики; сохранение и продление режима санкций и ответных мер России; снижение курсов национальных валют к доллару США. В исследовании показаны возможности и направления углубления интеграции на основе российского экспортоориентированного импортозамещения в агропромышленном комплексе. Сделан вывод о наличии новых возможности для применения интеграционных инструментов.Одним из важнейших направлений углубления интеграции странAчленов ЕАЭС должна стать политика экспортоориентированного импортозамещения. Такая политика должна предусматривать дальнейшее стимулирование собственного производства, глубокую переработку сельскохозяйственного сырья, оптимизацию существующих цепочек добавленной стоимости и организацию новых, обеспечение конкурентоспособности сельскохозяйственной продукции и продукции пищевой промышленности за счет повышения качества продукции, развитие сотрудничества и кооперации в сфере АПК.

В данной статье в контексте процесса европейской интеграции рассматриваются различные актуальные вопросы, касающиеся зарождения и развития еврооблигаций. Особое внимание уделено роли и значению суверенных еврооблигаций стран еврозоны как индикатора состояния экономики в период глобального финансово-экономического кризиса. ; Eurobonds in the context of the European integration process addresses various topical issues relating to the origin and development of Eurobonds. Particular attention is paid to the role and value of sovereign bonds of the eurozone countries during the global financial crisis, as an indicator of the state of the economy. Sovereign Eurobonds are an important indicator of the market process of European integration and the economy in the eurozone, which, in particular, clearly evident during the global financial crisis. In addition, the Eurobond market to date and is a very serious problem compliance with a proper balance in the borrowing through the issuance of government bonds with the indicators of real economic growth in the EU.

In this work authors consider the integration processes in the former Soviet Union which allowed to create the economic and political organizations between the former federal republics. And also on the example of the Euroasian Economic Union positive tendencies in increase in economic capacity of the countries of participants are defined. ; В данной работе авторы рассматривают интеграционные процессы на постсоветском пространстве, позволившие создать экономические и политические организации между бывшими союзными республиками. А также на примере Евразийского Экономического Союза определяются положительные тенденции в увеличении экономического потенциала стран участниц.

The crisis of the neoliberal model of global capitalism is exacerbating the innate contradictions of the capitalist system of production. World GDP growth rates are slowing, socio-economic inequality is increasing, and the scale of protest activity is becoming greater. These contradictions are taking on a particular, specific form on the periphery of the system, as in the countries of Latin America. Here, the problems of dependency and social exclusion are reproduced on a systemic level, and the attempts by a number of countries in the region to solve these problems with the help of traditional models of integration have not met with success. The greatest progress has been achieved by the "Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America" (Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra America). During a particular stage this integration organisation, founded in 2004, made substantial progress in remedying socio-economic problems that had defied solution by traditional integration bodies, whether of the closed or open type. The article analyses the preconditions for the rise of the alliance, its ideological basis, structure and main projects. In the author's view, the successes of the organisation have been linked to the use of planned elements of the economy, and its failures to the contradictions of the socially-oriented model of capitalism to which all the members of the alliance (with the exception of Cuba) have adhered. The future of the organisation depends on the ability of the participants to overcome these contradictions and to move beyond the framework of such a model. Amid the crisis of neoliberalism, this task is becoming more and more urgent.