Suchergebnisse

The African Court on Human & Peoples' Rights (AfCHPR -- "Court") was operationalized in July 2006 with the swearing-in of the first eleven judges. In December 2009 it pronounced its first judgment. The institutional development of the Court faces numerous challenges that derive from the legal framework under which the Court operates, the complexity of the human rights protection mechanisms in Africa, and, on a daily basis, the shortcomings of technical infrastructure. The primary future challenges for the Court are to attain more visibility & receive more cases. Adapted from the source document.

Under what conditions do states internalize international norms into their domestic practices? How can we account for the observable variance in the implementation of human rights norms? The paper analyzes & emphasizes the role of transnational human rights networks in promoting international norms in selected countries in the South (Kenya, Uganda, Tunisia, Morocco, Indonesia & the Philippines). It argues that the decisive factor in the diffusion & implementation of human rights norms is the capability of these networks to generate pressure from above & below by on the one hand mobilizing Western states, their domestic opinion, & international organizations, & on the other hand establishing links to the domestic opposition in the target country. In order to capture this dynamic the paper presents a "spiral model" of domestic change. This model incorporates systematically activities on the international, national, & societal levels. We call this process of internalizing international human rights standards a "socialization process" & distinguish between three ideal types of modes of action: (1) strategic action (bargaining) & instrumental adaptation; (2) moral consciousness-raising, argumentation, & communicative persuasion; & (3) institutionalization & habitualization. Adapted from the source document.