Suchergebnisse

Parler de l'effectivité d'une règle ou d'une catégorie juridique (par exemple d'un État, d'une nationalité ou d'un recours), c'est viser la situation de fait censée concorder avec la signification de cette règle ou de cette catégorie juridique. Mais c'est également suggérer que la survenance de certaines situations de fait (par exemple l'occupation d'un territoire ou la sécession d'un groupe autonomiste) implique nécessairement qu'une qualité juridique particulière leur soit attribuée et que des conséquences juridiques déterminées en soient tirées. L'ouvrage démontre que cette prétendue équivalence scientifique du fait et de sa signification juridique est une invention positiviste, qui joue un rôle rhétorique mais ne rend pas compte de l'application des règles internationales formulées grâce aux termes « effectif/ité ». Appliquer de telles règles consiste en effet toujours à évaluer certains faits au regard de certaines valeurs pour en tirer certaines conséquences juridiques. Les faits pertinents, les valeurs à la lueur desquelles ils doivent être jugés, et les conséquences juridiques devant en être tirées ne s'imposent pas scientifiquement, mais sont choisis en fonction de ce que requiert la réalisation effective d'objectifs politiques et d'impératifs éthiques.Illustration de couverture : Claire de Villemeur, Les blés de Tarkovsky, 140/170 cm. Docteur en droit (qualifié par le Conseil national des universités), maître de conférences à l'École normale supérieure (Ulm).

The most various demands weigh upon mankind: of a moral or religious, social or political order, of a logical order. Demand in the shape of duty: towards deity, towards oneself, towards others. These obligations obviously do not fall within the province of the law. If the judicial is related to the normative, everything normative is not translated into law. The theme of the study:"Law of obligations and Muslim law" should not be perceived from the perspective of a parallelism that might exist between the two: that is to say a Muslim law of obligations which will be contrary to the law of classical obligations deriving from western legal systems, like the French one. The problem raised by the subject of this thesis is to know how countries proclaiming themselves of "Muslim law", while greatly influenced by a western model, manage to create a hybrid law? In what ways, by which means, has Muslim law evolved? To answer these questions, it is interesting, if not necessary, to seek on a practical as well as a utilitarian level for the technical means which allow to combine the requirements of the moral rule with the constraints of contractual relations in general, of international trade and of modern economy. ; Les exigences les plus diverses pèsent sur les hommes ; d'ordre moral ou religieux, d'ordre social ou politique, d'ordre logique. Exigence en forme de devoir : à l'égard de la divinité, à l'égard de soi-même, à l'égard des autres. A l'évidence, ces obligations ne relèvent pas tout du domaine du droit. Si le juridique se rattache au normatif, tout ce qui est normatif ne se traduit pas en règle de droit. Le thème de l'étude : droit des obligations et droit musulman ne devrait pas être perçu sous une optique de parallélisme qui pourrait exister entre les deux : c'est-à-dire un droit musulman des obligations qui sera contraire au droit des obligations classiques issues des systèmes juridiques occidentaux, à l'exemple de la France. La problématique que soulève ce sujet de thèse est de savoir comment les pays qui se ...

The most various demands weigh upon mankind: of a moral or religious, social or political order, of a logical order. Demand in the shape of duty: towards deity, towards oneself, towards others. These obligations obviously do not fall within the province of the law. If the judicial is related to the normative, everything normative is not translated into law. The theme of the study:"Law of obligations and Muslim law" should not be perceived from the perspective of a parallelism that might exist between the two: that is to say a Muslim law of obligations which will be contrary to the law of classical obligations deriving from western legal systems, like the French one. The problem raised by the subject of this thesis is to know how countries proclaiming themselves of "Muslim law", while greatly influenced by a western model, manage to create a hybrid law? In what ways, by which means, has Muslim law evolved? To answer these questions, it is interesting, if not necessary, to seek on a practical as well as a utilitarian level for the technical means which allow to combine the requirements of the moral rule with the constraints of contractual relations in general, of international trade and of modern economy. ; Les exigences les plus diverses pèsent sur les hommes ; d'ordre moral ou religieux, d'ordre social ou politique, d'ordre logique. Exigence en forme de devoir : à l'égard de la divinité, à l'égard de soi-même, à l'égard des autres. A l'évidence, ces obligations ne relèvent pas tout du domaine du droit. Si le juridique se rattache au normatif, tout ce qui est normatif ne se traduit pas en règle de droit. Le thème de l'étude : droit des obligations et droit musulman ne devrait pas être perçu sous une optique de parallélisme qui pourrait exister entre les deux : c'est-à-dire un droit musulman des obligations qui sera contraire au droit des obligations classiques issues des systèmes juridiques occidentaux, à l'exemple de la France. La problématique que soulève ce sujet de thèse est de savoir comment les pays qui se proclament de « droit musulman », tout en ayant une grande influence du modèle occidental pour une raison d'harmonisation, arrivent-ils à créer un droit mixte ? Par quelles voies, par quels moyens s'est opérée l'évolution du droit musulman ?

International audience ; The extinctive prescription has been the subject of numerous studies in private or criminal law. On the other hand, it constitutes a blind spot in public law research. However, the reform carried out in civil matters by the Act of 17 June 2008, as well as the contemporary renewal of the debate on the existence of a general theory of public obligations, justify an in-depth analysis in public law. With its roots in the Civil Code, the extinctive prescription holds a significant place in the public sector's relationship with the public sector. However, the increasing number of public law provisions, particularly in view of budgetary requirements, makes it necessary to identify what exactly they cover. It is based on legal certainty and differs from other similar mechanisms in that it extinguishes the enforceability of the obligation. As a result, it is growing rapidly and extends to most public obligations, even if it has to be reconciled with the general interest need to obtain payment of obligations. Although extinctive prescription does exist in public law, it has been adapted to the specific characteristics of this area. Although the Civil Code has long imposed recourse to the rules of private law, the administrative court has nevertheless retained a certain degree of autonomy. By abolishing the application of private law to the obligatory relationships of public persons, the reform of 17 June 2008 made the public law of prescription autonomous. This autonomy should nevertheless be consolidated by means of a legislative reform, reorganising the disparate prescriptions and filling existing gaps. Such an intervention would also be an opportunity to note the originality of the extinctive prescription in public law. Its functioning (starting point, suspension, interruption, opposition, renunciation, etc.) is still governed by many specificities due to the double membership of the prescription to the rules of administrative and financial legality. It ultimately underlines the irreducible ...

International audience ; The extinctive prescription has been the subject of numerous studies in private or criminal law. On the other hand, it constitutes a blind spot in public law research. However, the reform carried out in civil matters by the Act of 17 June 2008, as well as the contemporary renewal of the debate on the existence of a general theory of public obligations, justify an in-depth analysis in public law. With its roots in the Civil Code, the extinctive prescription holds a significant place in the public sector's relationship with the public sector. However, the increasing number of public law provisions, particularly in view of budgetary requirements, makes it necessary to identify what exactly they cover. It is based on legal certainty and differs from other similar mechanisms in that it extinguishes the enforceability of the obligation. As a result, it is growing rapidly and extends to most public obligations, even if it has to be reconciled with the general interest need to obtain payment of obligations. Although extinctive prescription does exist in public law, it has been adapted to the specific characteristics of this area. Although the Civil Code has long imposed recourse to the rules of private law, the administrative court has nevertheless retained a certain degree of autonomy. By abolishing the application of private law to the obligatory relationships of public persons, the reform of 17 June 2008 made the public law of prescription autonomous. This autonomy should nevertheless be consolidated by means of a legislative reform, reorganising the disparate prescriptions and filling existing gaps. Such an intervention would also be an opportunity to note the originality of the extinctive prescription in public law. Its functioning (starting point, suspension, interruption, opposition, renunciation, etc.) is still governed by many specificities due to the double membership of the prescription to the rules of administrative and financial legality. It ultimately underlines the irreducible ...

International audience ; The extinctive prescription has been the subject of numerous studies in private or criminal law. On the other hand, it constitutes a blind spot in public law research. However, the reform carried out in civil matters by the Act of 17 June 2008, as well as the contemporary renewal of the debate on the existence of a general theory of public obligations, justify an in-depth analysis in public law. With its roots in the Civil Code, the extinctive prescription holds a significant place in the public sector's relationship with the public sector. However, the increasing number of public law provisions, particularly in view of budgetary requirements, makes it necessary to identify what exactly they cover. It is based on legal certainty and differs from other similar mechanisms in that it extinguishes the enforceability of the obligation. As a result, it is growing rapidly and extends to most public obligations, even if it has to be reconciled with the general interest need to obtain payment of obligations. Although extinctive prescription does exist in public law, it has been adapted to the specific characteristics of this area. Although the Civil Code has long imposed recourse to the rules of private law, the administrative court has nevertheless retained a certain degree of autonomy. By abolishing the application of private law to the obligatory relationships of public persons, the reform of 17 June 2008 made the public law of prescription autonomous. This autonomy should nevertheless be consolidated by means of a legislative reform, reorganising the disparate prescriptions and filling existing gaps. Such an intervention would also be an opportunity to note the originality of the extinctive prescription in public law. Its functioning (starting point, suspension, interruption, opposition, renunciation, etc.) is still governed by many specificities due to the double membership of the prescription to the rules of administrative and financial legality. It ultimately underlines the irreducible ...

L'obligation prévention est source d'incertitudes dans la théorie des obligations internationales. Les critères à prendre en compte pour déterminer si sa violation est réalisée varient selon les auteurs et d'une certaine manière les décisions de juridictions internationales. Une des explications de ce phénomène est qu'en réalité il n'existe pas une mais des obligations primaires de prévention. Il est alors possible de dégager des sous-hypothèses dans une typologie afin de faciliter leur compréhension et notamment la manière dont la prévention interagit avec la diligence requise, qui lui est souvent associée (voire qui est confondue avec elle). Une des conséquences, souvent négligée, de cette typologie et de toute étude des obligations primaires est qu'en éclairant les prestations exigées par la règle, on éclaire aussi les conditions et modalités de réparation des conséquences de l'illicite.

The European Union has been dealing for many years with the sensitive issue of conclusion and enforcement of economic agreements with Morocco allowing the exploitation of Western Sahara natural resources. The ECJ has managed to preserve these treaties while affirming that their scope can't be extended to this territory because of EU obligations stemming from the right of self-determination of the sahraoui people. The Commission and the Council chose nonetheless to negotiate with Morocco amendements explicitly including Western Sahara within their scope, thus provoking new legal actions. This litigation shows the potential contribution of the EU to the efficacy of international erga omnes obligations belonging to different fields. The declaration of unlawfulness of international agreements according to EU law would also affect the acts of secondary legislation implementing them, the law of Member States and finally rights and duties of their companies.

L'ère de la mobilité modifie chaque jour nos habitudes et oblige les entreprises à s'y adapter. Si la recherche de nouvelles contrées à risque et l'expatriation sont essentielles au développement des entreprises, elles ne sont pas sans risques pour l'employeur. Monica Goncalves, juriste en gestion des risques, rappelle que sous l'assertion « obligation de sécurité », l'employeur se voit ainsi imposer depuis la jurisprudence dite « Karachi » de nombreuses contraintes de prévention, de protection, voire de « paternalisation » autour de l'employé. A tel point que les frontières physiques entre l'exécution de la prestation de travail du salarié en mobilité internationale et le droit au respect de sa vie privée s'en trouvent désormais brouillées. Si le principe d'une telle délimitation n'est pour l'instant pas clairement établi, l'auteur propose dans cet article un panorama jurisprudentiel des interactions entre ces deux obligations en principe antinomiques.