Suchergebnisse

I. Historical Background -- Section I: The Construction of the Canal. -- Section II: The First Years of the Canal -- Section III: The Canal under British Occupation -- Section IV: The Canal under Egyptian Control -- II. International Canals -- Section I: Definition -- Section II: The Establishment of the International Regime -- Section III: Legal Nature -- Section IV: Legal Consequences -- III. The Suez Canal from 1854 to 1888: The International Canal -- Section I: The Intention of the Sovereign -- Section II: The Regime of Internationality -- Section III: The Other Regimes -- IV. The Suez Canal from 1888 to 1956: The Neutralized Canal -- Section I: The New Regime -- Section II: Legal Effects of the Convention -- Section III: The Convention in the Practice of States -- Section IV: Legal Consequences -- V. The Suez Canal since 1956: The Nationalized Canal -- Section I: Legal Character of the Canal Company -- Section II: Effects of Nationalization on the Legal Regime of the Canal -- Section III: Legal Guarantees Concerning the International Regime -- Conclusion: The Future -- Appendix A: The Concession of 1856 -- Appendix B: The Constantinople Convention of 1888 -- Appendix C: Security Council's Resolution of October 13, 1956 -- Appendix D: Egyptian Declaration of April 24, 1957.

Table de Matieres / Tome II / Table of Contents / Volume II -- I. Amérique Latine / Latin America -- 1. Argentine / Argentina -- 2. Brésil / Brazil -- 3. Mexique / Mexico -- 4. Pérou / Peru -- 5. Uruguay / Uruguay -- II. Europe de l'Est / Eastern Europe -- 6. Hongrie / Hungary -- 7. Pologne / Poland -- 8. Rép. Dém. Allemande / German Dem. Rep. -- 9. Roumanie / Rumania -- 10. Tchéco-Slovaquie / Czecho-Slovakia -- 11. U.R.S.S. / U.S.S.R. -- 12. Yougoslavie / Yugoslavia -- III. Conférence d'Arbitrage New-York 1958 / New York Arbitration Conference 1958 -- A. Convention (texte) Convention (text) -- B. Résolution Resolution -- 13. La Convention / The New York Convention -- 14. Mesures Possibles / Possible Measures -- IV. Règlements d'Arbitrage / Arbitration Rules -- 15. Etude Comparée / Comparative Study -- Liste des Rédacteurs / List of Contributors.

I. Introduction -- II. Evolution of the International Trusteeship System -- 1. Origin of the Idea -- 2. Inception of the International Mandates -- 3. Inter-War Years -- 4. International Trusteeship in Embryo -- 5. Evaluation -- III. Drafting of the Mandates and Trusteeship Articles -- 1. The Paris and San Francisco Conferences -- 2. Compromises in the Two Systems -- 3. Framing of the Mandates and Trusteeship Article -- 4. Role of the Powers -- 5. Reception of the Two Systems -- IV. Establishment of the Two Systems -- 1. The Interregnum -- 2. Submission of the Territories -- 3. Drafting of the Trusteeship Agreements -- 4. Approval of the Trust Agreements -- 5. Mandates and Trusteeship Texts -- 6. The Inauguration of the Two Systems -- V. The Territorial Application of the Two Systems -- 1. Territories Under Mandate -- 2. Territories Detached from the Enemy States -- 3. Territories Voluntarily Placed Under the System -- 4. Evaluation -- VI. The Agencies of International Supervision -- 1. The General Assembly -- 2. The Security Council -- 3. The International Court of Justice -- 4. The International Secretariat -- VII. The Permanent Mandates Commission and the Trusteeship Council -- 1. Composition of the Commission and the Council -- 2. Organization of the Commission and the Council -- 3. Functions and Powers of the Commission and the Council -- 4. The Specialized Agencies -- VIII. Operation of the International Trusteeship System I -- 1. The Problem of Sovereignty Over Mandated and Trust Territories -- 2. General Questions Affecting Trust Territories -- 3. Special Questions Affecting Trust Territories -- IX. Operation of the International Trusteeship System II -- 1. Political Advancement -- 2. Economic Advancement -- 3. Social Advancement -- 4. Educational Advancement -- X. Conclusion -- I. Population of the Non-Self-Governing Territories in 1954 -- II. Territorial Distribution of the Non-Self-Governing Territories in 1954 -- III. Distribution of the Mandated and Trust Territories -- IV. Composition of the Visiting Missions, 1947–1955 -- V. Educational Advancement in Trust Territories -- Organization of the Department of Trusteeship and Information from Non-Self-Governing Territories -- Selected Bibliography -- Tables -- Chart.

A. Legal Advice -- I. The Opinion Function -- II. Requests -- III. Formulation -- IV. Legal Force -- V. Practical Effect -- VI. Politics -- B. Opinions on the Law of Nations -- VII. Relation to Municipal Law -- VIII. International Status -- IX. Territory and Nationality -- X. Jurisdiction -- XI. Diplomatic and Consular Relations -- XII. International Agreements -- XIII. International Reclamation -- XIV. Neutrality -- XV. War -- Conclusions -- List of Attorneys General -- Selected Bibliography.

I / Laying the Groundwork -- United States Preparation -- Dumbarton Oaks -- San Francisco -- The Executive Committee -- The Preparatory Commission and Advisory Group -- Completing the Transition -- II / Authorization of Programs: The Policy Organs -- The Fiscal Year -- Authorizations and their Regulation -- III / Formulation of Estimates: The Secretariat -- Organization for Fiscal Management -- The Form of Budget Presentation -- The Formulation Process -- IV / Examination of Estimates: The Advisory Committee -- Creation of the Committee -- Problems in the Committee's Development -- The Advisory Committee and the Budget Process -- V / Approval and Appropriation: The Fifth Committee -- The Competence of the Fifth Committee -- General Budgetary Debate -- First Reading in the Fifth Committee -- Supplementary Estimates -- Second Reading and Committee Approval -- The General Assembly and Appropriations -- VI / Balancing the Budget: Revenues -- Apportionment of Expenditures -- Currency of Contributions -- Collections and Arrears -- Other Sources of Income -- VII / Budget Execution -- The Working Capital Fund -- The Powers of the Secretary-General -- Allotments -- Obligations and Payment: The Pre-Audit -- Internal Post-Audit -- Board of Auditors: The External Audit -- Composition and Scope of the Board -- Audit Procedure -- VIII / Financing the International Organization: Conclusions.

I -- I. Major Changes in the Pattern of World Trade, 1928–1956 -- II. Trade Analysis by Areas -- III. Developments in the System of Multilateral Trade -- II -- IV. The Tendency towards Regionalization in Continental Europe -- V. The Tendency towards Regionalization in the Sterling Area -- VI. The Tendency towards Regionalization in the Dollar Bloc -- VII. Economic Regionalism; Critical Evaluation and Future Prospects.

"The decision of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to include the study of tensions affecting international understanding as a major project in its program is a logical consequence of its concern with research and education in the maintenance of peace. Areas of tension between nations that regard themselves as most friendly are commonly evident in the words and actions of both public officials and private citizens. They are the foci of conflict in cold war and open hostility. Understanding of these tensions, fundamental to their relief, is so beclouded by stereotyped thinking, nationalistic feelings, catch phrases, and slogans that the need for objective study of their sources and of procedures for resolving them under the auspices of an international cooperative body such as UNESCO is self-evident. International tensions and the techniques for their relief, however, have received very little direct research attention from social scientists who specialize in problems of social behavior. Traditionally, research in international relations has been mainly the province of historians, students of international law and procedure, and diplomats. More recently, and particularly since the experience of World War II demonstrated the practical utility of scholarly knowledge of foreign areas and peoples, there has been a marked increase in research designed to advance understanding of all parts of the world by area specialists with various disciplinary backgrounds. But as yet sociologists, social psychologists, and social anthropologists--the social scientists most directly concerned with problems of behavior--have done little research on international behavior. The present monograph by Dr. Otto Klineberg is an imaginative and technically skillful ordering and application of scattered and fragmentary products of research on human behavior, so that they may be brought to bear with full force on tensions crucial to peace. Modest in its claims for social science, it points the way to the application of a widening range of knowledge relevant to the reduction of the totality of international tensions. It does not profess definitiveness for existing research techniques, yet it establishes their utility and will stimulate the research needed to give a sounder basis in fact and principle for increasing international understanding and cooperation. Credit is meticulously given to others for their contributions to every section of the work, and it is consequently fitting to say here that Dr. Klineberg has given form and direction to a previously unstructured area of social knowledge"--Foreword. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).

I. The Legality of the Anschluss -- Conventional Obligations and the Anschluss -- The Advent of Anschluss -- The Reaction of the International Community -- Conflicting Views -- II. Austrian Independence -- Constitutional Developments, First Phase -- Constitutional Developments, Second Phase -- Domestic Developments and Austrian Authority -- III. Recognition -- Court Cases -- IV. Nationality -- The War Period -- The Post-War Period -- V. The Public Foreign Debt -- The Anschluss -- Post-World-War-II Arrangements -- VI. Treaties -- The Anschluss Period -- Austria's Statehood -- The Continuity of the Austrian State -- VII. Austria's Status in International Organizations -- The League of Nations -- The United Nations -- The Specialized Agencies of the United Nations -- VIII. Conclusions -- The Problem -- The Anschluss and Traditional International Law -- Changing Concepts in International Law -- Appendices -- A. Cases from National Courts -- B. Bilateral Agreements to which Austria has been a Party, 1946–1952 -- Selected Bibliography.

I. Government Ships and Their Status in International Law -- I. Jurisdiction over Foreign Government Ships -- II. Principles Relating to the Doctrine of Immunity of Ships -- III. Recent Developments -- IV. Conclusion -- II. Jurisdiction Over Foreign Merchant Ships -- I. Internal Waters -- II. Territorial Waters -- III. Contiguous Zone -- IV. High Seas -- V. Arrest of Ships: procedure -- III. Illustrations from Case Law and State Practice -- I. Criminal Jurisdiction -- II. Civil Jurisdiction -- III. Administrative Jurisdiction -- IV. Conventions -- I. Criminal Jurisdiction -- II. Civil Jurisdiction -- III. Administrative Jurisdiction -- IV. Reflections on the Conventions -- V. Conclusions -- Suggestions -- Summary -- Selected Bibliography -- Index of Names.