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The New Trade Theory predicts that international trade lowers prices for consumers and expands the choices available to them. This study shows that both predictions may no longer hold once adjustments in the retail sector are taken into account. I present a new model of retailing in general equilibrium and explore its implications for a number of different shocks. The results demonstrate that retail assortments may remain constant if consumers have a low preference for diversity, and that consumer prices can even rise if the retail density is sufficiently low.

The New Trade Theory predicts that international trade lowers prices for consumers and expands the choices available to them. This study shows that both predictions may no longer hold once adjustments in the retail sector are taken into account. I present a new model of retailing in general equilibrium and explore its implications for a number of different shocks. The results demonstrate that retail assortments may remain constant if consumers have a low preference for diversity, and that consumer prices can even rise if the retail density is sufficiently low.

International crimes, such as crimes against humanity, genocide and war crimes, are committed by individuals. However, individuals rarely commit such crimes for their own profit. Instead, such crimes are often caused by collective entities. Notable examples include the 'dirty war' in Argentina in the 1970s and 1980s, the atrocities committed during the Balkan Wars in the early 1990s and the crimes committed during the ongoing armed conflicts in the Darfur area in Sudan. Referring to Darfur, the Prosecutor of the ICC noted in 2008 that, although he had indicted a few individuals, 'the information gathered points to an ongoing pattern of crimes committed with the mobilisation of the whole state apparatus'. This book reviews the main legal avenues that are available within the international legal order to address the increasingly important problem of system criminality and identifies possible improvements

The concept of globalization refers to the growing interdependence of countries, resulting from the increasing integration of trade, finance, investments, labor markets and ideas in one globalmarketplace. The most important elements of this process are the international trade and the cross-border investment flows. Economic globalization has increased the specialization of workers, while the companies compete in global markets. Even globalization has recently become a common topic in academic discourse, many economists focused, from the 1980s and 1990s, in addition to globalization, on regionalization - the growth of networks of interdependence within multinational regions of the world. The recent decades arecharacterized by the fact that the world trade grew faster than world output, which implies that an increasing share of world GDP crosses international borders. The trend is explained, mostly, by thesubstantially declining of the trade barriers during the same period, as a result of successive trade negotiation rounds under the auspices of the GATT/WTO, unilateral trade liberalization and regional tradeagreements. Even there are global connections between all the countries, the strongest political and economic integration is being created within a few specific regions of the world: Europe, North America and East Asia.

"The Routledge Handbook of International Law provides a definitive global survey of the interaction of international politics and international law. Each chapter is written by a leading expert and provides a state of the art overview of the most significant areas within the field." "This highly topical collection of specially commissioned papers from both established authorities and rising stars is split into four key sections: The Nature of International Law including the interaction between the disciplines of International Law and International Relations; The Evolution of International Law progressing from the ancient world to present day; Law and Power in International Society discussing topical issues such as the war in Iraq and the international criminal court; and Key Issues in International Law including international refugee law, indigenous rights, intellectual property, trade and the challenges presented by "new terrorism"."

International environmental law has come of age, yet the global environment continues to deteriorate. The challenge of the twenty-first century is to reverse this process by ensuring that governments comply fully with their obligations, and progressively assume stricter duties to preserve the environment. This book is the first comprehensive examination of international environmental litigation. Analysing the spectrum of adjudicative bodies that are engaged in the resolution of environmental disputes, it offers a reappraisal of their relevance in contemporary contexts. The book critiques the contribution that arbitral awards and judicial decisions have made to the development of environmental law, and considers the looming challenges for international litigation. With its unique combination of scholarly analysis and practical discussion, this work is especially relevant to an era in which environmental matters are increasingly being brought before international jurisdictions, and will be of great interest to students and scholars engaged with this vital field

Angelo,Stefanini:University of Bologna Paolo,Giovenali:Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia Patricia,Fobair:Stanford University ; Over the past few decades, there has been growing support for the idea that cancer needs an interdisciplinary approach. Therefore, the international cancer community has developed several strategies as outlined in the WHO non-communicable diseases Action Plan (which includes cancer control) as the World Health Assembly and the UICC World Cancer Declaration, which both include primary prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, and palliative care. This paper highlights experiences/ideas in cancer control for international collaborations between low, middle, and high income countries, including collaborations between the European Union (EU) and African Union (AU) Member States, the Latin-American and Caribbean countries, and the Eastern Mediterranean countries. These proposals are presented within the context of the global vision on cancer control set forth by WHO in partnership with the International Union Against Cancer (UICC), in addition to issues that should be considered for collaborations at the global level: cancer survival (similar to the project CONCORD), cancer control for youth and adaptation of Clinical Practice Guidelines. Since cancer control is given lower priority on the health agenda of low and middle income countries and is less represented in global health efforts in those countries, EU and AU cancer stakeholders are working to put cancer control on the agenda of the EU-AU treaty for collaborations, and are proposing to consider palliative care, population-based cancer registration, and training and education focusing on primary prevention as core tools. A Community of Practice, such as the Third International Cancer Control Congress (ICCC-3), is an ideal place to share new proposals, learn from other experiences, and formulate new ideas. The aim of the ICCC-3 is to foster new international collaborations to promote cancer control actions in low and middle income countries. The development of supranational collaborations has been hindered by the fact that cancer control is not part of the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MGGs). As a consequence, less resources of development aids are allocated to control NCDs including cancer.

chapter 1 Introduction -- part Part I Mapping and testing potential determinants of geographic choices of international NGOs -- chapter 2 What determines geographic choices of NGOs? An exploration -- chapter 3 Geographic decisions of Dutch NGOs: Myths and realities -- part Part II Explaining the geographic concentration of international NGOs -- chapter 4 The concentration of NGOs: An evolutionary economic geography approach -- chapter 5 Do country images affect the concentration of NGOs? -- chapter 6 Back donors' influence on concentration: marketization or slipstream? -- part Analysing the implications of the geographic choices of international NGOs -- chapter 7 The consequences of concentration of NGOs: does it affect cooperation? -- chapter 8 Implications of the research findings.

The term 'genocide' was coined in 1944, but it has been practiced for centuries. The intent of one people to deliberately wipe out another can be traced back to the ancient world, and it continues today despite efforts from the United Nations and international treaties such as the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Beginning with an introduction that defines the term 'genocide', ""Genocide and International Justice"" discusses the field of comparative genocide studies and outlines the stages of the Holocaust, which has become the template for evaluating and d

"This textbook is an invaluable guide for students of global environmental politics from both political science and environmental studies perspectives. It introduces students to the ways in which the theories and tools of International Relations can be used to analyze and address global environmental problems."--Jacket

Perspectives on Contemporary Challenges in International Business-- K.Ibeh & S.Davies The Challenge of Managing Employee Tenure in China-- A. Zimmermann, X.Liu & T.Buck Organizational Identification and Commitment Following a Cross-border Acquisition-- M.E.Raukko Cross-Border Transfer of Employment Relations' Approaches: Country-of-Origin Effects and the Level and Type of Industry Internationalization-- H.Tuselmann, F.McDonald, M.Allen, S.Golesorkhi & D.Filiou Tensions Arising From Process of Transferring HRM Practices Across borders: The Case of Taiwanese MNCs in the UK-- Y.Chang, K.Mellahi & A.J.Wilkinson Micromultinationals: Transcending Resource Challenges in International Business-- K.Ibeh, O.Borchert & C.Wheeler Growth and Survival of Born Globals: Case of Software Firms-- M.Gabrielsson & P.Gabrielsson The Challenge of Accelerated International Growth: A Focus on Winners and Losers in the Finnish Software Sector-- N.Nummela, S.Saarenketo, J.Hatonen & M.Ruokonen International New Ventures and the Development of Partnerships - A Social Capital Approach-- R.Aspelund, A.Sorheim & M.S.Berg Clustering and the Internationalization of SMEs in the Media Industry-- G.Cook & N.Pandit Learning in IJVs in CEE Countries: System of Innovation Approach-- I.Jormanainen Returning Entrepreneurs vs. Indigenous Entrepreneurs: An Investigation of High Technology SMEs in Emerging Markets-- O.Dai & X.Liu The Emergence of Low-cost Airlines in Africa: A Preliminary Analysis of Internal and External Drivers-- J.Amankwah-Amoah & Y.A.Debrah Re-examining Women's International Management Experiences: A Middle Eastern Perspective-- B.D.Metcalfe, K.Hutchings & B.Cooper Trends in International Terrorism Against Business Targets-- A.Lee The Automotive Industry and Environmental Regulations: Challenges to Corporate Political Activities of Multinational Enterprises in the European Union-- S.M.Wagner Intra-community Fraud Among UK and German Expatriate Entrepreneurs in Spain: A Trust and Social Networks-based Explanation-- A.Hoecht