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Aus westeuropäischer Sicht

From earliest times, hostile propaganda has been in wide use among men & between nations; it has also been deeply resented & even violently resisted. But only recently has the world developed a system of principles & norms designed to curb & even to outlaw its use. Similar to the evolution of internat'l rules intended to proscribe aggressive war, the culmination of the movement to curb internat'l COMM considered dangerous to peace has come only in the 20th cent. Attention has focused not only on propaganda leading to acts of subversion & to outright aggression & war, but also on propaganda that is defamatory of a sovereign state & of its leaders & representatives. So extensive is this body of norms that today, as the hostile propaganda between nations continues unabated, esp in times of stress, the real need is not so much for more rules to be drafted or new treaties to be signed & ratified. What we require is the establishment of authoritative & acceptable means for the interpretation of the existing norms & their effective enforcement. HA.