The paper seeks to identify the main characteristics of act of terror, by analyzing both international laws, and legislation in different countries, including the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania. The paper raises the hypothesis that act of terror as a criminal activity is not sufficiently regulated at both international and at national level, emphasizing that act of terror as criminal activity lacks of unified definition. The paper analyzes the phenomenon of terrorism starting with the historical development of the review of the concepts embodied in the international and national legislation. Searches for the relationship between the concepts of act of terror and terrorism. Overviews the existing international legal instruments to fight terrorism. The paper also focuses on different sets of national legislation on the fight against terrorism and soughts for some regulatory similarities; it also analyzes the concept of act of terror enshrined in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania.
The paper seeks to identify the main characteristics of act of terror, by analyzing both international laws, and legislation in different countries, including the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania. The paper raises the hypothesis that act of terror as a criminal activity is not sufficiently regulated at both international and at national level, emphasizing that act of terror as criminal activity lacks of unified definition. The paper analyzes the phenomenon of terrorism starting with the historical development of the review of the concepts embodied in the international and national legislation. Searches for the relationship between the concepts of act of terror and terrorism. Overviews the existing international legal instruments to fight terrorism. The paper also focuses on different sets of national legislation on the fight against terrorism and soughts for some regulatory similarities; it also analyzes the concept of act of terror enshrined in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania.
The paper seeks to identify the main characteristics of act of terror, by analyzing both international laws, and legislation in different countries, including the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania. The paper raises the hypothesis that act of terror as a criminal activity is not sufficiently regulated at both international and at national level, emphasizing that act of terror as criminal activity lacks of unified definition. The paper analyzes the phenomenon of terrorism starting with the historical development of the review of the concepts embodied in the international and national legislation. Searches for the relationship between the concepts of act of terror and terrorism. Overviews the existing international legal instruments to fight terrorism. The paper also focuses on different sets of national legislation on the fight against terrorism and soughts for some regulatory similarities; it also analyzes the concept of act of terror enshrined in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania.
Final Economic Master's thesis is relevant, because the role of foreign capital for economic development is becoming greater. Inflow of foreign capital can provide the fastest way for developing countries to acquire industrial technology for economic development. Developing countries would be lost many decades to reach that level of excellence in technology, which developed countries had already reached in middle age, if not foreign investment. The Master's objective - is to explore the possibilities and prospects for attracting foreign direct investment in Lithuania, and to make proposals to improve them. Master's paper deals with foreign direct investment in theoretical aspects, discusses the concept of foreign direct investment, forms, strategies, legal framework. Analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment to local economic development, examines the factors affecting foreign direct investment, and the reasons for the favorable investment climate to create. Based on various statistical sources: the Lithuanian Statistics Department, Economic Cooperation and Development Organization, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the World Economic Forum, the World Bank and Lithuanian banks statistics, the dynamics of foreign direct investment in Lithuania was examined and compared with selected European Union countries. Conditions of promotion of foreign investments are discussed, features attractive for investors and causing doubts and concerns when undertaking risks in our country are described, attractiveness and peculiarity of Lithuania among other countries are analyzed. To sum up the investigation, the investment climate in Lithuania is favorable and it is mentioned among the most attractive countries for investments to come, but the volume of foreign investment is relatively small, their dynamics - is not constant. The work hypothesis is confirmed - the conditions and measures to attract foreign investment in Lithuania is objectively worse than in many other European Union countries. The main reasons are bureaucracy, corruption, poor labor relations and their regulation, poor business conditions for initiating and building permit conditions, complex and lengthy land acquisition procedures and documentation. Many countries provide various subsidies for investors, which is lacking in Lithuania. Tax reductions is not enough for foreign investors, knowing how fierce competition, is currently in Europe. Therefore, based on the experience of other countries, Lithuania should finance activities related to foreign direct investment in high value-added manufacturing and high value-added services.
Final Economic Master's thesis is relevant, because the role of foreign capital for economic development is becoming greater. Inflow of foreign capital can provide the fastest way for developing countries to acquire industrial technology for economic development. Developing countries would be lost many decades to reach that level of excellence in technology, which developed countries had already reached in middle age, if not foreign investment. The Master's objective - is to explore the possibilities and prospects for attracting foreign direct investment in Lithuania, and to make proposals to improve them. Master's paper deals with foreign direct investment in theoretical aspects, discusses the concept of foreign direct investment, forms, strategies, legal framework. Analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment to local economic development, examines the factors affecting foreign direct investment, and the reasons for the favorable investment climate to create. Based on various statistical sources: the Lithuanian Statistics Department, Economic Cooperation and Development Organization, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the World Economic Forum, the World Bank and Lithuanian banks statistics, the dynamics of foreign direct investment in Lithuania was examined and compared with selected European Union countries. Conditions of promotion of foreign investments are discussed, features attractive for investors and causing doubts and concerns when undertaking risks in our country are described, attractiveness and peculiarity of Lithuania among other countries are analyzed. To sum up the investigation, the investment climate in Lithuania is favorable and it is mentioned among the most attractive countries for investments to come, but the volume of foreign investment is relatively small, their dynamics - is not constant. The work hypothesis is confirmed - the conditions and measures to attract foreign investment in Lithuania is objectively worse than in many other European Union countries. The main reasons are bureaucracy, corruption, poor labor relations and their regulation, poor business conditions for initiating and building permit conditions, complex and lengthy land acquisition procedures and documentation. Many countries provide various subsidies for investors, which is lacking in Lithuania. Tax reductions is not enough for foreign investors, knowing how fierce competition, is currently in Europe. Therefore, based on the experience of other countries, Lithuania should finance activities related to foreign direct investment in high value-added manufacturing and high value-added services.
This diploma paper analyses impact of international tax competition to Lithuania's public finance sector and economy trough tax revenue level and structure, public expenditures level and structure, public debt and foreign direct investments change trends. This paper introduces main theoretical international tax competition issues, separating two dominant views to this phenomenon. Holistic view proposes negative altitude to tax competition, methodical individualism has positive view to tax competition. In order to achieve main paper's goal hypothesis about international tax competition and tax burden, tax revenue, expenditure structure, public debt, foreign direct investment connection in Lithuania during period of year 1993 – 2008 are held. Research results shows that in case of Lithuania international tax competition had more positive effects than negative.
This diploma paper analyses impact of international tax competition to Lithuania's public finance sector and economy trough tax revenue level and structure, public expenditures level and structure, public debt and foreign direct investments change trends. This paper introduces main theoretical international tax competition issues, separating two dominant views to this phenomenon. Holistic view proposes negative altitude to tax competition, methodical individualism has positive view to tax competition. In order to achieve main paper's goal hypothesis about international tax competition and tax burden, tax revenue, expenditure structure, public debt, foreign direct investment connection in Lithuania during period of year 1993 – 2008 are held. Research results shows that in case of Lithuania international tax competition had more positive effects than negative.
This diploma paper analyses impact of international tax competition to Lithuania's public finance sector and economy trough tax revenue level and structure, public expenditures level and structure, public debt and foreign direct investments change trends. This paper introduces main theoretical international tax competition issues, separating two dominant views to this phenomenon. Holistic view proposes negative altitude to tax competition, methodical individualism has positive view to tax competition. In order to achieve main paper's goal hypothesis about international tax competition and tax burden, tax revenue, expenditure structure, public debt, foreign direct investment connection in Lithuania during period of year 1993 – 2008 are held. Research results shows that in case of Lithuania international tax competition had more positive effects than negative.
The paper explores the epistemic fruitfulness of the contemporary theories of modern relations for historical research about the relations between premodern polities. The author suggests to replace the concepts of "international system" and "international society" by the broader notions of "interpolity system" and that of "interpolity society". It is demonstrated that A. Wendt's thesis that in the premodern times international politics was dominated by the Hobbesian culture of anarchy disregards historical evidence about the "Lockean" realities of the dynastic politics in the medieval Europe and other places. The author also criticise H. Bull's concept of international society because of its assumption that Westphalian peace treaty of 1648 was the date of birth of the international law and international society as historical reality. Paper includes a case study about the changing roles and challenges of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) as the subject of interpolity relations in XIII-XV centuries. It focuses on the rise of GDL from the polity playing the role of the barrier (but not that of buffer) polity, separating Central European and Eastern European interpolity systems and belonging to both of them, to the regional empire and suzerain polity of the Eastern European interpolity system by the early XVth century. However, Lithuanian hegemony in Eastern Europe lasted only very few years. After 1430, the Eastern European interpolity system was about to transform itself from the suzerain polity system into a multipolar sovereign interpolity system of the type that consolidated in the Central and Western Europe after 1648 and survived for 300 years. However, the political leadership of GDL failed to meet the challenge to maintain an emerging multipolar balance of power in this system. Adapted from the source document.
Doubts could be excluded if a specialized national judicial institution or an international judicial institution such as the European Court of Justice would deal with cases concerning state liability for the acts of the courts of last instance. Lastly, it is submitted that a state does not infringe upon the principle of nondiscrimination if it implements into national law the principle of state liability for acts infringing EC law and attributable to the courts of last instance and does not provide analogous legal remedy to individuals that intend to defend rights derived from national law.
Doubts could be excluded if a specialized national judicial institution or an international judicial institution such as the European Court of Justice would deal with cases concerning state liability for the acts of the courts of last instance. Lastly, it is submitted that a state does not infringe upon the principle of nondiscrimination if it implements into national law the principle of state liability for acts infringing EC law and attributable to the courts of last instance and does not provide analogous legal remedy to individuals that intend to defend rights derived from national law.
In order the subjects of intellectual property could participate actively in the international trade, and seeking to avoid unfair competence, their rights must be protected. To this purpose international organizations have been established and a number of international conventions have been signed. Customs plays a very important role while protecting the property that participates in the international trade. The topic of the final master's thesis is "Customs Protection of Intellectual Property Rights". The problem raised in the thesis is the increment in number of violation of intellectual property right. It should be noted that in the presence of depressed economic situation the violators of intellectual property rights started falsifying not only luxury goods. Falsified goods, which enter the market, may make harm to the consumers. However, in the presence of depressed economic situation and when national authorities receive lower financing than usually, there may arise a problem of intellectual property rights protection. The thesis has raised hypothesis: While the activity effectiveness of Lithuanian customs is increasing, having protection the rights of intellectual ownership and strengthening the high against falsification and piracy, the expected economic effect is not achieved. The aim of the thesis is to reveal how effectively and economically the Customs of the Republic of Lithuania protects intellectual property rights. The objectives of the thesis are as follows: to describe the importance of intellectual property in the international trade, to mark the main international organizations and national institutions which are of highest importance while protecting intellectual property rights; to specify the role of trademarks in the international trade; to carry out the analysis of customs protection of intellectual property rights in Lithuania; to analyze the perspectives of customs protection of intellectual property rights. Master's thesis consists of four parts, which are as follows: Intellectual Property in the International Trade; International and National Legislations Regulating the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights; Analysis of Statistical Data relating to Customs Protection of Intellectual Property Rights in Lithuania; Future perspectives of Customs Protection of Intellectual Property Rights.
In order the subjects of intellectual property could participate actively in the international trade, and seeking to avoid unfair competence, their rights must be protected. To this purpose international organizations have been established and a number of international conventions have been signed. Customs plays a very important role while protecting the property that participates in the international trade. The topic of the final master's thesis is "Customs Protection of Intellectual Property Rights". The problem raised in the thesis is the increment in number of violation of intellectual property right. It should be noted that in the presence of depressed economic situation the violators of intellectual property rights started falsifying not only luxury goods. Falsified goods, which enter the market, may make harm to the consumers. However, in the presence of depressed economic situation and when national authorities receive lower financing than usually, there may arise a problem of intellectual property rights protection. The thesis has raised hypothesis: While the activity effectiveness of Lithuanian customs is increasing, having protection the rights of intellectual ownership and strengthening the high against falsification and piracy, the expected economic effect is not achieved. The aim of the thesis is to reveal how effectively and economically the Customs of the Republic of Lithuania protects intellectual property rights. The objectives of the thesis are as follows: to describe the importance of intellectual property in the international trade, to mark the main international organizations and national institutions which are of highest importance while protecting intellectual property rights; to specify the role of trademarks in the international trade; to carry out the analysis of customs protection of intellectual property rights in Lithuania; to analyze the perspectives of customs protection of intellectual property rights. Master's thesis consists of four parts, which are as follows: Intellectual Property in the International Trade; International and National Legislations Regulating the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights; Analysis of Statistical Data relating to Customs Protection of Intellectual Property Rights in Lithuania; Future perspectives of Customs Protection of Intellectual Property Rights.
