Suchergebnisse

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses penyelesaian konflik internal antara Pemerintah Indonesia dan gerakan separatisme di Papua (Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM)) menggunakan mekanisme horse-trading. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengkaji latar belakang OPM dan konflik, kemudian membahas proses konflik dengan alat bantu analisis timeline untuk memahami perkembangan gerakan separatisme dari OPM berdasarkan urutan kronologis, dan membahas resolusi konflik yang pernah dilakukan dengan alat bantu analisis pemetaan konflik untuk memahami aktor-aktor yang terlibat dan tujuannya. Konflik ini merupakan hasil dari kompleksitas antara latar belakang historis, ideologis, dan rasa ketidakadilan di Papua, di sisi lain, Papua semakin didukung oleh dunia internasional. Upaya penyelesaian konflik Pemerintah Indonesia dengan OPM dengan mekanisme horse-trading sudah mulai dilakukan, namun belum mencapai resolusi yang baru. Mekanisme horse-trading dapat efektif menyelesaikan konflik ini bilamana didukung oleh kepercayaan antara kedua pihak untuk melakukan dialog dimana kedua pihak dapat menyampaikan tujuannya secara terbuka. ; The study aims to analyze the process of internal conflict resolution between the Government of Indonesia and the separatist movement in Papua (Free Papua Movement (Indonesian: Organisasi Papua Merdeka or OPM)) using a horse-trading mechanism. This study was qualitative method by discussing the Free Papua Movement background and the conflict, then discussing the conflict process of timeline analysis tool to understand the development of its movement based on chronological order, and discussing the conflict resolutions that have been carried out with conflict mapping analysis tool to understand the actors that involved and their objectives. The conflict is the result of complexity among historical backgrounds, ideology, and a sense of injustice in Papua, on the other hand, the international community has increasingly supported Papua. Horse-trading has been used to resolve the conflict of Free Papua Movement and the Government of Indonesia, yet it has not yet reached a new resolution. The horse-trading mechanism effectively resolves the conflict when trust has been achieved between them to communicate both of them where they can deliver their objectives openly.

Global warming has seized the world's attention will be growing even larger in the future considering the consequences of it. UNO, through environmental program UNEP (United Nations Environment Progranune) and the World Meteorological Organization (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) formed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 to examine and analyze issues emerging science. Since 1990, every five or six years the IPCC has issued reports related to science through observation and prediction to determine the trend in the future. The conclusions that can be described are one of the strategic ways to protect the atmosphere is to control the use of natural resources. Increasing number of both large and medium industries in order to meet consumer needs for industrial products is contributing to increased emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from industrial processes. To meet international standards for the environment, using the GHG Emission Standard, Indonesian follows the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) guidelines. In applying these standards in the steel, chemical , aluminum and cement in Indonesia has two options: firstly, replacing old technology with new technology that GHG emissions is small, the second, modifies or adds equipment that reduce GHG emissions. This type of cooperation corresponding to the four types of industries (chemical, steel, cement and aluminum) are complementary models, simultaneous agreement model can be complete each other. Furthermore, various agreements between countries can be done through a variety of mechanisms. In addition, we need to realize the importance of industrial processes and ' clean production ', as this can increase the efficiency of use of raw materials, energy, prevent or replace the use of hazardous materials and toxic, reducing the amount and toxicity levels of all emissions and wastes before leaving the process. Clean production was essentially aimed at reducing the environmental impact throughout the product life cycle, from raw material collection to final disposal after the product was not used. Finally, community participation, industrialists, and government jointly required because it is the most effective measure in mitigating the effects of greenhouse gases.

© 2021 The Authors. In an era of mass extinction, who gets a life jacket, who is left to drown or swim—and on what basis? This article addresses these questions by analyzing how tropes and practices of responsibility are variously enacted, reworked, contested, and refused across the global nexus of orangutan conservation. Drawing on multisited, collaborative ethnography, we trace the mutually constitutive relation between multiple orangutan figures and commons imaginaries at different nodes of conservation—from environmental activism in the Global North to NGO-villager encounters in rural Borneo. In so doing, we "uncommon" international conservation's encompassing planetary imaginaries, showing how dominant portrayals of the orangutan as a global responsibility are translated and fragmented in different settings. We further contemplate what an analytic of responsibility might bring to ongoing discussions about the "commoning" planetary epoch in which conservation is increasingly embedded: the Anthropocene. = Di era kepunahan massal, siapa yang mendapatkan pelampung, siapa yang ditinggalkan untuk tenggelam atau berenang ke tepian—dan mengapa mereka harus bernasib demikian? Artikel ini berusaha menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut dengan mengeksplorasi bagaimana tanggung jawab dikiaskan dan dipraktikkan secara beragam, digarap ulang, diadu, dan ditolak di seluruh rangkaian pertalian global konservasi orangutan. Dengan menggunakan etnografi kolaboratif multi-site, kami menelusuri hubungan pokok antara beberapa figur orangutan dan imajinasi umum pada simpul-simpul yang berbeda di dalam konservasi—dari aktivisme lingkungan di kawasan Utara dunia, hingga pertemuan antara LSM dan anggota masyarakat di wilayah pedesaan Borneo. Dengan melakukan hal itu, kami konservasi internasional dengan tata imajiner yang "langka", menunjukkan bagaimana potret dominan orangutan yang menjadi tanggung jawab dunia diterjemahkan dan terfragmentasi dalam lingkungan yang berbeda. Lebih jauh lagi, kami merenungkan tentang sebuah tanggung jawab analitik yang dapat dibawa ke dalam diskusi yang sedang berlangsung mengenai "keumuman" epos yang kini semakin lekat dengan konservasi, yaitu: Antroposen. "It seems that only the orangutans get a life jacket," Bapa Dini 1 ; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 758494); Arcus Foundation's Great Apes Program (G-PGM-1607–1886); Brunel University London. Research in Indonesia was carried out under RISTEK permits 5/SIP/FRP/E5/Dit.KI/I/2019 (Schreer), 5/E5/E5.4/SIP.EXT/2021 (Stępień), and 1/E5/E5.4/SIP.EXT/2020 (Thung).

Książka stanowi tom studiów autorstwa polskich i zagranicznych językoznawców poświęcony zmianom we współczesnych językach słowiańskich, szczególnie widocznym w słownictwie i słowotwórstwie. Uwzględnienie aspektu stylowo-funkcjonalnego w rozwoju leksyki pozwala lepiej zrozumieć dynamikę zmian językowych i skuteczność działań komunikacyjnych. Celowościowy i pragmatyczny charakter zachowań komunikacyjnych ujawnia się szeroko w uwzględnionych przez Autorów kontekstach społecznych, politycznych i kulturowych. Prace zostały pogrupowane w trzy działy tematyczne: - Zjawiska, procesy i tendencje rozwojowe w słownictwie specjalistycznym (terminologii); - Dynamika mechanizmów słowotwórczych i leksykalnych; - Zmiany leksykalne we współczesnej komunikacji językowej i dyskursie. Wyodrębnione działy pomagają uporządkować przedstawioną w tomie problematykę, wskazując na dominantę tematyczną w poszczególnych tekstach. Zakresy tych grup nie są jednak ostre, złożona i wielowarstwowa problematyka tendencji i zmian we współczesnym słownictwie słowiańskim jest omawiana w różnym stopniu w każdym z wydzielonych działów. W większości prac zastosowano podejście konfrontatywne, pozostałe stanowią podstawę do takiego ujęcia. Do badań wykorzystany został bogaty materiał języków słowiańskich: polskiego, czeskiego, słowackiego, białoruskiego, rosyjskiego, ukraińskiego, bułgarskiego, słoweńskiego, a także innych języków, jak np. nowogreckiego. ; This volume of studies by Polish and international linguists is devoted to changes in modern Slavic languages, which are especially noticeable in the spheres of vocabulary and word formation. Taking into consideration the stylistic and functional aspect of lexis development allows for a better understanding of the dynamics of language change and the efficacy of communicational acts. The purposeful and pragmatic character of communicational behaviour manifests itself widely in the social, political and cultural contexts considered by the Authors. The works comprising the volume are divided into three thematic sections: - Phenomena, processes and tendencies in the development of specialist lexis (terminology); - Word formation and lexical mechanisms dynamics; - Lexical change in modern language communication and discourse. The sections help organize the volume by highlighting the dominant theme in particular texts. The scopes of the sections are, nevertheless, not sharply delineated – each section is to an equal extent devoted to the complex and multifaceted subject-matter of the tendencies and changes in modern Slavic vocabulary. Most of the works comprised in the volume adopt a contrastive approach, the remaining ones can serve as bases for contrastive studies. The text analyse the rich material of the Slavic languages – Polish, Czech, Slovak, Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and Slovene – as well as of other languages, like Modern Greek. ; Publikacja finansowana ze środków Instytutu Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Athena Syriatou, Duty and Instinct: History in Schools in Post-war Britain 1945-1995 This article deals with the moral role of history in post-war British education, by examining the relationship between the expectations of educationalists and intellectuals from history teaching at schools, and the actual changes which did occur in the classroom on the subject of history as a result of general changes in society and education. It argues that despite the intentions of the educationalists who saw history teaching as a means of promoting ideas which were considered necessary for the moral upbringing of the nation, these ideas very often never reached the classroom or they were considerably altered, demonstrating different ideological dynamics in British society. It initially focuses on the immediate post-war decade when international is educationalists were arguing for the need of history teaching which leads to a world citizenship. The idea of an internationalist approach on history contradicted the conservative, Britocentric, Whiggish history which was finally taught at schools during that period, since there were very few new books published, while civil servants from the Ministry of Education were concerned with the more urgent problems of schools which were affected by enemy action rather than new views on history teaching. The second period which is examined is the decade of mid sixties until mid seventies. Great changes were initiated then, to cover the disparity between the two tier system of education, with the introduction of comprehensive secondary schools, which at the time were considered to contribute to further démocratisation of the welfare state. The spirit of a more tolerant, affluent and democratic society led some educationalists to propose the expulsion of history from schools and its replacement with other humanities such as sociology and behavioural studies. However, history did remain at schools during that period and in many ways it incorporated the new ideas, creating the so called 'new history' with the efforts of the progressive, non traditionalist, and often leftist historians. Problems of implementation of the new history' appeared during the following years as a result of the difference of academic standards at schools which at this period comprehensive education could not eliminate. The final period which is examined is the decade of mid eighties until mid nineties when the New Right ideology was dominant in the political scene, while a National Curriculum for all schools was deemed necessary. Educational planners of the Conservative Party argued that history should teach again traditional values, which were, according to them, intrinsic to the British nation. However, the National Curriculum for History which was drafted by educationalists coming various convictions,(nevertheless appointed by the Conservative government), was closer to the beliefs of the new history' creators, rather than the beliefs and national values that the Conservatives initially wanted to promote. ; Athena Syriatou, Duty and Instinct: History in Schools in Post-war Britain 1945-1995 This article deals with the moral role of history in post-war British education, by examining the relationship between the expectations of educationalists and intellectuals from history teaching at schools, and the actual changes which did occur in the classroom on the subject of history as a result of general changes in society and education. It argues that despite the intentions of the educationalists who saw history teaching as a means of promoting ideas which were considered necessary for the moral upbringing of the nation, these ideas very often never reached the classroom or they were considerably altered, demonstrating different ideological dynamics in British society. It initially focuses on the immediate post-war decade when international is educationalists were arguing for the need of history teaching which leads to a world citizenship. The idea of an internationalist approach on history contradicted the conservative, Britocentric, Whiggish history which was finally taught at schools during that period, since there were very few new books published, while civil servants from the Ministry of Education were concerned with the more urgent problems of schools which were affected by enemy action rather than new views on history teaching. The second period which is examined is the decade of mid sixties until mid seventies. Great changes were initiated then, to cover the disparity between the two tier system of education, with the introduction of comprehensive secondary schools, which at the time were considered to contribute to further démocratisation of the welfare state. The spirit of a more tolerant, affluent and democratic society led some educationalists to propose the expulsion of history from schools and its replacement with other humanities such as sociology and behavioural studies. However, history did remain at schools during that period and in many ways it incorporated the new ideas, creating the so called 'new history' with the efforts of the progressive, non traditionalist, and often leftist historians. Problems of implementation of the new history' appeared during the following years as a result of the difference of academic standards at schools which at this period comprehensive education could not eliminate. The final period which is examined is the decade of mid eighties until mid nineties when the New Right ideology was dominant in the political scene, while a National Curriculum for all schools was deemed necessary. Educational planners of the Conservative Party argued that history should teach again traditional values, which were, according to them, intrinsic to the British nation. However, the National Curriculum for History which was drafted by educationalists coming various convictions,(nevertheless appointed by the Conservative government), was closer to the beliefs of the new history' creators, rather than the beliefs and national values that the Conservatives initially wanted to promote.

The state is obliged to strive for the realization of justice for traditional fishing communities. Traditional communities are fishing communities whose traditional rights are still recognized in carrying out fishing activities or other legal activities in certain areas located in archipelagic waters following the international law of the sea. Coastal space areas and small islands that indigenous/traditional communities have managed from the obligation to have location permits and management take national interests and laws and regulations into account. Article 26 A of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2014 makes it easy for outsiders to control small islands that regulate the use of small islands and surrounding coasts through investment forms based on a ministerial permit that must prioritize the national interest. Positive law must protect traditional fishing communities and indigenous peoples. This research aims to analyze the regulation of fishermen's protection from deprivation of their rights in earning a living and livelihood. The research method used is normative research, meaning the implementation of legal provisions in the form of legislation in activities for certain legal events in the community, especially the fishing community. Normative research refers to and examines laws and regulations related to the research being conducted. The research locations cover coastal areas throughout Indonesia, especially Banda Aceh, Padang, Jakarta, Semarang, Surabaya, Manado, Kupang, Ternate, and Mataram. The state can provide knowledge, guidance, and protection for fishermen from various actions of deprivation of their rights to earn a living and protection such as piracy, the practice of fishing theft, abuse of trawling, transshipment activities, threats, and violence by foreign parties to Indonesian fishers. The central government and local governments are obliged to provide facilities for guaranteeing fishing areas or fishing coverage areas that are safe and do not overlap with other fields. ; Negara berkewajiban mengupayakan terwujudnya keadilan bagi masyarakat nelayan tradisional. Masyarakat tradisional adalah masyarakat perikanan yang masih diakui hak tradisionalnya dalam melakukan kegiatan penangkapan ikan atau kegiatan lainnya yang sah di wilayah tertentu yang berada di perairan kepulauan mengikuti hukum laut internasional. Wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil yang dikelola masyarakat adat/tradisional dari kewajiban izin lokasi dan pengelolaannya memperhatikan kepentingan nasional dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Pasal 26 A Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 memberikan kemudahan bagi pihak luar untuk menguasai pulau-pulau kecil yang mengatur pemanfaatan pulau-pulau kecil dan pesisir sekitarnya melalui bentuk penanaman modal berdasarkan izin menteri yang harus mengutamakan kepentingan nasional. Hukum positif harus melindungi masyarakat nelayan tradisional dan masyarakat adat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peraturan perlindungan nelayan dari perampasan haknya dalam mencari nafkah dan penghidupan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian normatif, artinya penerapan ketentuan hukum berupa peraturan perundang-undangan dalam kegiatan untuk peristiwa hukum tertentu dalam masyarakat, khususnya masyarakat nelayan. Penelitian normatif mengacu pada dan mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan yang terkait dengan penelitian yang dilakukan. Lokasi penelitian meliputi wilayah pesisir di seluruh Indonesia, khususnya Banda Aceh, Padang, Jakarta, Semarang, Surabaya, Manado, Kupang, Ternate, dan Mataram. Negara dapat memberikan pengetahuan, pembinaan, dan perlindungan bagi nelayan dari berbagai tindakan perampasan hak untuk mencari nafkah dan perlindungan seperti perompakan, praktik pencurian ikan, penyalahgunaan trawl, kegiatan transshipment, pengancaman, dan kekerasan oleh pihak asing kepada nelayan Indonesia. Pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah wajib menyediakan fasilitas untuk menjamin wilayah penangkapan ikan atau wilayah jangkauan penangkapan ikan yang aman dan tidak tumpang tindih dengan bidang lain.

Published in print by Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin, ISBN 978-3-7983-2906-5 ; Thanks to its vitality, the art scene in Athens, faced with the economic and political crisis, is met with an increased attention by media and specialist publishers. The Catalogue and the accompanying exhibition in Berlin and Athens – running parallel to documenta 2017 in Kassel and Athens – pose crucial questions regarding the relation of economic crisis, art production and new forms of political art. A social research undertaken in 2016, interviewed and photographed Greek and international artists working in Athens in various art forms, ranging from street art, painting, sculpture and installations to photographic art. The seriousness and passion, with which the artists follow their visions under adverse life conditions, is impressive. The biographical photographic portraits of 14 artists reflect their artistic and political positions, and are in dialogue with the presented works, which results in a vivid insight into the relation of art, biography, and political crisis. The accompanying essays discuss the sociological and aesthetic conception of the "artists' exhibition", the social impact of the economic crisis in Greece, contemporary art and crisis, the importance of street art in Athens, and the art scene in the crisis. The appendix gives a description of ATLAS.ti, a software developed at Technische Universität Berlin, and its use by professionals in the field of culture. ; Die Athener Kunstszene erfährt durch ihre Lebendigkeit angesichts der ökonomischen und politischen Krise Griechenlands gegenwärtig in Medien und Fachpresse eine gesteigerte Aufmerksamkeit. Der Katalog und das begleitende Ausstellungsprojekt in Berlin und Athen stellen - begleitend zur documenta 2017 in Athen und Kassel - aktuelle Fragen zum Zusammenhang zwischen ökonomischer Krise, künstlerischer Produktion und neuen Formen politischer Kunst in Griechenland. In einer sozialwissenschaftlichen Recherche im Jahr 2016 wurden in Athen tätige Künstlerinnen und Künstler interviewt und fotografiert, von der Street Art über Malerei, Bildhauerei, Installationen bis zur Fotokunst. Beeindruckend ist die Ernsthaftigkeit und Leidenschaft, mit der die Kunstschaffenden, zum Teil unter großen Entbehrungen, ihre Visionen verfolgen. 14 biografisch-fotografische Künstlerporträts reflektieren die jeweilige künstlerisch-politische Position und treten in einen Dialog mit den ausgestellten Werken, so dass sich ein lebendiger Einblick in das Verhältnis von Kunst, Biografie und politischer Krise ergibt. In den begleitenden Essays werden die sozialwissenschaftlich-ästhetische Konzeption der "Künstler-Ausstellung", die sozialen Folgen der Krise in Griechenland, die griechische Gegenwartskunst und die besondere Bedeutung der Street Art in Athen diskutiert. Im Anhang wird ATLAS.ti, eine an der TU Berlin entwickelte Software, in ihrer Bedeutung für Kulturschaffende vorgestellt. ; Χάρις στη ζωτικότητά της, η καλλιτεχνική σκηνή στην Αθήνα, εν καιρώ οικονομικής και πολιτικής κρίσης, κινεί το ενδιαφέρον τόσο των ΜΜΕ όσο και των εκδοτών του είδους. Ο Κατάλογος μαζί με την συνοδευτική έκθεση σε Αθήνα και Βερολίνο -η οποία θα γίνει παράλληλα με την έκθεση "documenta 2017", που θα παρουσιαστεί στο Κάσσελ της Γερμανίας και στην Αθήνα- εγείρουν κρίσιμα ερωτήματα γύρω από τη σχέση οικονομικής κρίσης, καλλιτεχνικής παραγωγής και νέων μορφών πολιτικής τέχνης. Μια κοινωνιολογική έρευνα, που πραγματοποιήθηκε το 2016, φωτογράφησε και πήρε συνεντεύξεις από διάφορους καλλιτέχνες, Έλληνες και μη, που δουλεύουν στην Αθήνα με ποικίλες μορφές τέχνης, από street art, εικαστικά, γλυπτική και εγκαταστάσεις μέχρι και φωτογραφία. Η σοβαρότητα και το πάθος με τα οποία οι καλλιτέχνες ακολουθούν το όραμά τους υπό αντίξοες συνθήκες, προκαλεί αίσθηση. Τα φωτογραφικά πορτρέτα των 14 καλλιτεχνών αντανακλούν τις καλλιτεχνικές και πολιτικές αντιλήψεις τους, ενώ ταυτόχρονα συνδιαλέγονται με τα παρουσιαζόμενα έργα, προσφέροντας έτσι μια διεισδυτική ματιά στη σχέση τέχνης, βιογραφίας και πολιτική κρίσης. Τα συνοδευτικά άρθρα, πραγματεύονται την κοινωνιολογική και αισθητική σύλληψη της "έκθεσης των καλλιτεχνών", τις κοινωνικές επιδράσεις της οικονομικής κρίσης στην Ελλάδα, τη σχέση σύγχρονης τέχνης και κρίσης, τη σημασία της τέχνης του δρόμου στην Αθήνα και την καλλιτεχνική σκηνή εν καιρώ κρίσης. Στο παράρτημα παρουσιάζεται το λογισμικό "ATLAS.ti", που δημιουργήθηκε στο Technische Universität του Βερολίνου, καθώς και η χρήση του από επαγγελματίες στον χώρο του πολιτισμού.