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The Nancy N. Boothe papers, 1980-2009 [bulk 1990-1997], are composed of articles, notes, reports and a wide variety of feminist publications. Much of the material documents the U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women, which Ms. Boothe attended as Executive Director of Atlanta's Feminist Women's Health Center. Artifacts, artwork and textiles relate to the conference and to other women's and health issues. ; Born in Battles Wharf, Alabama (1948), Nancy N. Boothe graduated from the University of South Alabama as a registered nurse (1971). She received a B.S. in nursing from the Medical College of Georgia (1976), and a master's degree in Counseling from Troy State University [Florida Region] (1981). Boothe served in the U.S. Nurse Corps in the U.S. and Korea (1970-1984), and worked as clinical director and consultant at a number of health facilities in Louisiana and Florida. She became Executive Director of the Atlanta Feminist Women's Health Center in 1994. In 1995, she attended the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, where she taught the workshop, ""GYN Self-Help."" Boothe has served on the boards of All Women's Health Services in Portland and Eugene, Oregon; the Sexual Assault Center, Atlanta, Georgia; and the Jeanette Rankin Foundation, Athens, Georgia. She is also a member of the Feminist Majority Foundation's ""Women's Commission for Congressional Oversight"" and A.P.D. Citizen Review Panel.; Founded in California in 1971 by Carol Downer (1933-) and Lorraine Rothman (1932-2007), the Feminist Women's Health Center was established to empower women through self-knowledge, education and self-help groups. The Atlanta Feminist Women's Health Center was established in 1977. Its mission is to ""provide accessible, comprehensive gynecological healthcare to all who need it without judgment. As innovative healthcare leaders, [they] work collaboratively within [their] community and nationally to promote reproductive health, rights and justice. [They] advocate for wellness, uncensored health information and fair public policies by educating the larger community and empowering [their] clients to make their own decisions.""; The United Nations convened the Fourth World Conference on Women, September 4-15, 1995, in Beijing, China, with a Platform for Action that aimed at achieving greater equality and opportunity for women. Three previous World Conferences were held in Mexico City (International Women's Year, 1975), Copenhagen (1980) and Nairobi (1985). 189 governments and more than 5,000 representatives from 2,100 non-governmental organizations participated in the Beijing Conference. The principal themes were the advancement and empowerment of women in relation to women's human rights, women and poverty, women and decision-making, the girl-child, violence against women and other areas of concern. The resulting documents of the Conference are The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women manifested a global women's movement for change and has been called ""the Woodstock of the women's movement.""; The World Conference on Women was also accompanied by an informal meeting (August 30-September 8) of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This NGO Forum on Women, Beijing '95, brought together thousands of women from around the world to exchange information and ideas, celebrate women's achievements and contributions and draw attention and develop solutions to discrimination facing women world-wide.

هدفت هذه الد اسة إلى كلفلة الإ تق ل من الرؤية الفردية لا إدا ة المؤسس ت اللأقفلة إلى عأ مؤسسي ف ل۔ وق م البحث اولاً ببل ن مفالأم الحلأكأة لغة واصطلاح , ثم ا تق الى ت ريف ت المنظأ ت الدوللة لمفالأم الحلأكأة, وعلاقة الحلأكأة بم فحة الفس د الم لي والادا ي, وب ده است راض المؤسس ت اللأقفلة قديم , وحديث , ع لمل , وعربل , واوضح دو المؤسس ت اللأقفلة فى التنألة المستدامة للأجتأع, وبين البحث ال رك ت اللأقفلة الحديثة لغة واصطلاح , وبين كلفلة ا ء هذه ال رك ت. وك ت م لة البحث نين إدا ة ني لب المؤسس ت اللأقفلة, تغلب عللا الرؤية والإجتا دات الفردية, لا علر تنلأعت فلا ال للأم والما ات الادا ية الحديثة, لذلك اجتاد البحث لايج د وقد اقترح ,"SGPMO", ح لهذه الم لة, ببن ء الم تب الإستراتلجي لإدا ة الحلأكأة وا داء البحث نملأذج للحلأكأة وا داء, ق ئ على ثلاث مح و هي "المأ ن ت, والسأ ت, وال ألل ت" وك محلأ بداخلا ثم لة عن صر لتف للا, وي أ م تب الحلأكأة لا ثلاث مستلأيات داخ المؤسس ت اللأقفلة حتى يستطلع حلأكأة هذه المؤسس ت ب ك م , وهي " المستلأى الاستراتلجي, والمستلأى التنفلذي, والمستلأى الت غللي", وداخ ك مستلأى يت تنفلذ مجألأعة من اللأظ ئف۔ ; The Role of Governance in WAQF Development and Sustainability. This study aimed at "how to move from individual vision in the management of WAQF institutions to effective institutional work. The study first introduced the concept of governance in terms of language and terminology. He then went on to the definitions of international organizations for the concept of governance, as well as the relationship of governance to combating financial and administrative corruption. He explained the role of foundations in the sustainable development of society. The research of modern waqf companies has shown language and terminology, and how to establish these companies. The problem of research was that the management of most Waqf institutions, dominated by vision and individual judgments, in an age of diverse science and modern management skills. The research proposed a model of governance and performance, based on three axes: "enablers, themes, processes" and each axis with eight elements to activate it. The Corporate Governance and Performance Management Office operates at three levels within Waqf institutions, namely, "Strategic Level, Executive Level and Operational Level". A range of functions are implemented within each level. ; Bu çalışma Vakıf kurumlarının yönetiminde bireysel vizyondan etkin kurumsal çalışmaya nasıl geçileceğini hedef almıştır. Çalışmada ilk olarak dil ve terminoloji açısından yönetişim kavramı tanıtıldı. Ardından yönetişim kavramı için uluslararası örgütlerin tanımlarına devam etti. Yönetişimin finansal ve idari yolsuzlukla mücadeleyle ilişkisinin yanı sıra. Vakfın toplumun sürdürülebilir kalkınmasındaki rolünü açıkladı. Araştırma modern vakıf şirketlerinin dili ve terminolojisi ile bu şirketlerin nasıl kurulacağı olarak tanımlandı. Araştırma sorunu, vizyon ve bireysel kararların hakim olduğu vakıf kurumlarının çoğunun, çeşitli bilim ve modern yönetim becerileri çağında yönetilmesiydi. Araştırma, üç eksene dayanan bir yönetişim ve performans modeli önerdi: "etkinleştiriciler, temalar, süreçler" ve her ekseni harekete geçirmek için sekiz unsurla birlikte. Yönetim ve Performans Yönetimi Ofisi, "Stratejik Seviye, Yönetici Seviyesi ve Operasyonel Seviye" olmak üzere üç düzeyde faaliyet göstermektedir.

在國際評鑑計劃中,東亞地區學生的數理能力往往較西方國家為佳。現有學術文獻已就這個現象作深入探討,並提出東亞學生的文化特徵和模型。然而,鮮有研究以縱向的歷史角度,討論東亞教育制度下對於「學習者」的文化概念如何因應全球化的影響而演變。本文嘗試以香港的數學教育為研究個案,探討本地數學課程在教學重心及組織上的轉變。研究發現,該學科在教學上的轉變緣於現代個人主義的制度化過程 ── 社會整體愈益視學習者作為充權和自省的行動者。本研究致用縱向文本分析的研究方法,綜析四十二本於戰後出版的香港高小數學教科書的教學內容。研究結果顯示,歷年來課本及課程的教學愈加著重參與式教學、興趣啟發以及與扣連學生生活等概念。另外,政府官員、老師、本地壓力團體及學術專家等亦援用「以學生為本」的話語,推動課程改革。綜合而言,本研究認為世界政體理論相比歷史主義式的理論視野更有力地解釋數學課程內容的轉變。 ; East Asian learners usually outperform their Western counterparts in international mathematics assessment programs. Although the cultural traits of East Asian learners are well documented and analyzed, the cultural dynamics of the changing conception of "learner" in East Asia, especially under the influence of globalization, is under-explored. Taking Hong Kong as a case study, this paper explores the changes within the emphasis of instruction and organization of local mathematics curriculum across time. I contend that the shift of instruction within the school subject is due to the institutionalization of modern individualism, the process in which the conception of "learner as an empowered and self-reflexive actor becomes culturally legitimate in the society. I employ a longitudinal content analysis to track the changes of the instructional emphasis within 42 senior primary mathematics textbooks published in Hong Kong since World War II. It is revealed that despite the unique cultural and historical trajectory of educational development in Hong Kong, the curriculum embraces the ideas of participatory pedagogical approach, interest stimulation, and social relevance to students. Furthermore, it is found that governmental officials, teachers, local pressure groups and academic professionals draw scripts and models from the discourse of student centrism to drive curricular reforms. Results suggest that world polity theory is more applicable than the historicist perspective in accounting for the changes of the curriculum content. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Yip, Chun Ting Patrick. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese ...

北韓核問題引起世界各國的關注,更觸動了中國的神經。雖然,中國領導人一貫強調支持朝鮮半島無核化及希望朝鮮半島能夠保持和平穩定,但中國在處理兩次核問題的方式及舉措卻完全不同。在第一次核危機(1991至1994年)爆發時,中國主要採取不介入的政策;但在第二次核危機(2002至2005年)時,中國卻完全擺脫被動的角色,主動擔當核危機的調停者。 ; 正因為中國處理兩次北韓核問題採取完全不同的外交方針及策略,而且兩次核危機橫跨十多年的時間,無論是國際格局及中國國力也有重大的改變。因此,筆者會嘗試從東北亞的國際體系及權力分配、中國參與國際組織及多邊機制的情況和中國的身份認同及對國家利益及安全的看法這三方面去探討中國主動舉辦「六方會談」以解決第二次北韓核問題的主要原因。 ; 為了更能有效檢視研究論題,筆者也會分析中國90年代末參與的「四方會談」、中國所構建的上海合作組織及九一一事件,以評估這些中介變項對中國主動舉辦「六方會談」的影響。筆者希望能夠從是項研究去瞭解中國外交政策的走向,以評估及預測未來中國對其他國際事務的取態及方針。 ; As the North Korea Nuclear Crisis is one of the most critical security issues for China, the Chinese leaders always claim to maintain peace, prosperity, stability and a nuclear-free status on the Korean Peninsula. But in the two nuclear crises, China presented different attitudes and used different strategies to deal with this issue. ; In the first nuclear crisis (1991-1994), China served as neither a mediator nor a peacemaker, and claimed that Washington and Pyongyang should settle the dispute bilaterally. However, in the second nuclear crisis (2002-2005), China started to play a proactive role and acted as a chief mediator and an honest broker for initiating a multilateral dialogue - Six-Party Talks as a method to settle the crisis. ; Since China played different roles and used different strategies in these two nuclear crises within 10 years, this thesis aims to investigate this change and explain the reasonsfrom mainly three angles, including the power structure of Northeast Asia, China's participation in multilateral institutions, and China's self-identity and views on national interests and security. ; In order to strengthen the analysis, this thesis will also investigate the influence of the Four-Party talks, Shanghai Cooperation Organization and September 11 Attack on the initiatives of the Six-Party Talks. Through this research, the author aims to illustrate the dynamics of China's foreign policy and predict the trend of China's diplomatic behavior towards different international affairs. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Detailed ...

The Lebanon Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank work on Lebanon. It places them in a longer-term and global context, and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy on the outlook for Lebanon. Lebanon continues to be impacted by the domestic political stalemate and regional turmoil, particularly along its border with Syria. Economic activity picked up in the second half of 2014. Stronger economic performance and lower oil prices pushed real GDP growth to an estimated 2.0 percent in 2014, compared to 0.9 percent in 2013. One-off cosmetic and unsustainable measures rather than policy actions helped improve the fiscal balance in 2014. We estimate the overall fiscal deficit to have declined by 2.3 percentage points. Declining imports lead an improvement in the current account balance. In 2014, a fall in merchandize imports induced a 4.4 pp reduction in the current account deficit to a still-elevated 22.2 percent of GDP. This trend is projected to continue in 2015 helped by falling oil prices and a depreciating euro, Headline inflation plummeted from 2.7 percent in 2013 to 1.9 percent in 2014 and is expected to remain tempered over the medium term. Lebanon s economy continues to be exposed to external shocks. The border with Syria is increasingly menacing as coordinated attacks by ISIS and Al Nusra are being launched more frequently from their bases in Syria. Inefficiencies in power generation impose sizable macroeconomic costs on Lebanon. The Lebanese electricity sector has been underperforming for decades with considerable socio-economic costs. The macroeconomic impact has been massive.

The Lebanon Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank work on Lebanon. It places them in a longer-term and global context, and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy on the outlook for Lebanon. Its coverage ranges from the macro-economy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development. It is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Lebanon.