Suchergebnisse

Die Dissertation von L. Zuckerman (auch bekannt als Layla Zami) erforscht die Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Erinnerung, Bewegung, Diaspora und Zeit/Raum in Tanzproduktionen des 21. Jahrhunderts. In einer innovativen transkulturellen, transdisziplinären und transtemporalen Perspektive setzt die Publikation den Akzent auf die Solo-Arbeiten von sieben zeitgenössischen Choreograph_innen, die in Deutschland, Frankreich, Taiwan, Martinique, Palästina und den USA leben, und Interpret_innen ihrer eigenen Stücke sind. Ausgehend von der Hypothese, dass Körper eine zentrale Rolle in der Aushandlung und Überwindung von Machtverhältnissen spielen, fragt die Forschung was geschehen kann, wenn tanzende Körper die Vergangenheit in die Gegenwart transportieren, im materiellen und im metaphorischen Sinne. Die Autorin leitet ein neues Konzept ein, das im Englischen sowohl Substantiv als auch Verb ist: (to) perforMemory. Sie reflektiert die Besonderheiten der Ausdruckform Tanz in der Darstellung, Herstellung, und Tradierung von kultureller Erinnerung im Bezug auf historische Traumata wie der Holocaust, der Transatlantische Sklavenhandel, die Maafa, die Nakba und zeitgenössische gesellschaftspolitische Herausforderungen. Das als Spirale konzipierte Buch lädt zu einer Wanderung durch diasporische Tanz_schaften, in denen sich Fragestellungen zu Identität, Körperlichkeit, Zugehörigkeit, Räumlichkeit und Zeitlichkeit entfalten, und sich in der Diskussion von bestimmten Tanzsequenzen wechselseitig beleuchten. Die Doktorarbeit basiert auf den Ergebnissen einer vierjährigen internationalen Forschung. Die Quellen schöpfen aus unterschiedlichen Fachrichtungen, u.a. Gender und Queer Studies, Tanz/Performance, Kulturwissenschaften, Erinnerung, Postkoloniale Studien, Literatur, Quantenphysik, und Lyrik. Die Veröffentlichung beinhaltet ebenfalls die vollständigen Transkripte von persönlichen Gesprächen, die die Autorin mit den Künstler_innen Oxana Chi, Zufit Simon, Wan-Chao Chang, André M. Zachery, Farah Saleh, Christiane Emmanuel und Chantal Loïal aufgenommen hat, sowie Links zu Performance-Ausschnitten. ; The dissertation by L. Zuckerman (aka Layla Zami) explores the interrelations and interactions between memory, movement, diaspora, and spacetime in 21st century dance productions. In an innovative transcultural, transdisciplinary and transtemporal approach, the publication focuses on solo works by seven contemporary dancers-choreographers based in Germany, France, Taiwan, Martinique, Palestine and the USA. Contending that corporeality is a site and a source of power, the research asks what happens when moving bodies propel the past into the present, metaphorically and materially. The author introduces a new concept: (to) perforMemory, which is both a noun and a verb, and discusses the specificity of dance in the production and transmission of cultural memory in relation to historical trauma such as the Holocaust, the Transatlantic Slave Trade, Maafa, the Nakba and contemporary sociopolitical challenges. Conceived in a spiral-like fashion, the book takes the reader through diasporic dancescapes in which notions of identity, home, embodiment, spatiality and temporality unfold and are brought into resonance with each other in the discussion of specific dance examples. The theoretical references connect such various fields as gender studies, dance and performance studies, cultural memory studies, postcolonial studies, literature, quantum physics, queer studies and poetry. Based on doctoral research conducted across the globe from 2013 to 2017, the electronic publication also features the full interview transcripts of personal conversations recorded by the author with the artists Oxana Chi, Zufit Simon, Wan-Chao Chang, André M. Zachery, Farah Saleh, Christiane Emmanuel and Chantal Loïal, as well as links to audiovisual performance excerpts. ; La thèse explore les interrelations et interactions entre mémoire, mouvement, diaspora et espace-temps dans la danse au XXIème siècle. Dans une approche transculturelle, transdisciplinaire et transtemporelle, la publication se concentre sur des pièces solo chorégraphiées et interprétées par sept chorégraphes contemporain.e.s basé.e.s en Allemagne, France, Martinique, Palestine, à Taiwan et aux Etats-Unis. Estimant que les corps humains sont objets et sujets de relations de pouvoir, la thèse étudie ce qui se passe lorsque les corps dansent le passé au temps présent, au sens propre et au sens figuré. L'auteure introduit un nouveau concept: (to) perforMemory, à la fois un substantif et un verbe en anglais. Elle met en relief la spécificité de la danse comme forme de production et transmission de la mémoire culturelle, en relation avec des traumas historiques tels que l'Holocauste, la Traite triangulaire ou Maafa, la Nakba ainsi que des défis sociopolitiques contemporains. Conçu comme une spirale, le livre est une invitation au voyage à travers des paysages diasporiques dansés, dans lequel les notions d'identité, d'appartenance, de spatialité, de temporalité et de représentation émergent tour à tour, et s'illuminent mutuellement dans l'analyse de séquences de danse concrètes. Le corpus théorique puise dans des domaines aussi variés que les études de genre, la danse, les études postcoloniales, la litérature, les Cultural Studies, la physique quantique, les études queer et la poésie. Basée sur des recherches doctorales conduites de 2013 à 2017 à travers le monde, cette publication électronique comprend également les transcriptions intégrales des entretiens personnels menés avec les artistes Oxana Chi, Zufit Simon, Chantal Loïal, Christiane Emmanuel, Farah Saleh, Wan-Chao Chang, et André M. Zachery, ainsi que des liens vers des extraits audiovisuels de spectacles.

This report is based on interviews conducted with Eritrean refugees who left Israel under the "Voluntary Departure" program to Rwanda and Uganda. There – in contrast to the promises made to them by the State of Israel – they were not granted protection, forcing them to embark on a dangerous journey ending in Europe. This report focuses on the "Voluntary Departure" policy and how it affected the lives of those who left Israel under it. This policy has been implemented since late 2013 vis-à-vis Eritrean and Sudanese residing in Israel. In January 2018, shortly before the publication of this report, the State of Israel announced an escalation of the measures it implements against this population; one such measure is a plan to forcibly deport asylum-seekers to a third country, i.e., not their homeland. The report is based on a qualitative research made up of 19 interviews with Eritrean refugees who left Israel between 2014-2016. 11 interviews were conducted in Germany and eight in the Netherlands, the countries of residence of the interviewees, in which the overwhelming majority received refugee status. An analysis of their responses shows a similar pattern: promises made by the Israeli government, both in court and to those departing, about what awaits them after their arrival to Rwanda and Uganda, went unfulfilled. Instead of being granted access to a process of applying for asylum or work permits, the deportees, upon landing, were placed in a precarious situation: the travel document they received in Israel, the only identifying document in their possession, was taken away from them. They were transferred to a hotel guarded by an armed sentry and prevented, under threat, from leaving the hotel. None of them were given the opportunity to apply for asylum. ; Lacking identifying documentation, exposed to robberies, threats and arrest, they were forced to embark on a dangerous journey that included passing through South Sudan, Sudan and Libya in search of safety. Throughout the journey, the refugees were subjected to human trafficking, incarceration, the threat of forcible deportation to Eritrea, harsh conditions of starvation, violence, slavery in torture camps in Libya and a dangerous crossing of the Mediterranean Sea from Libya to Europe. The interviewees described a perilous journey permeated with an all-encompassing fear of death: many witnessed the death of fellow travelers during the crossing of the Sahara Desert, in the torture camps in Libya and as they drowned in the Mediterranean Sea. Among the dead were others who had who left Israel "voluntarily." This conclusion is in congruence with findings of previous reports published by Israeli and international NGOs that collected testimonies in African countries of those who "voluntarily" departed Israel. These testimonies were recently buttressed by a statement of the United Nations High Commissioner on Refugees (UNHCR) about dozens of similar testimonies the agency collected in Italy. Taken together, several hundreds of testimonies have been collected. Thus, the report confirms that the alarming patterns documented by previous reports have not changed. In addition, this report, for the first time, details additional stages in the journey of those who departed. Little information was available about these legs of the journey – and especially about what the interviewees experienced in Libya and during their crossing of the Mediterranean Sea– until their arrival in Europe ; דו"ח מחקר זה מבוסס על ראיונות שנערכו עם פליטים אריתריאים אשר עזבו את ישראל במסגרת תכנית העזיבה "מרצון" לרואנדה ולאוגנדה. שם - בניגוד להבטחות שניתנו להם על ידי מדינת ישראל - לא זכו להגנה ונאלצו לצאת למסע רווי סכנות, שהסתיים באירופה. הרקע לדו"ח היא מדיניות "העזיבה מרצון" והוא עוסק בהשלכותיה על העוזבים. מדיניות זו מופעלת החל מסוף שנת 2013 כלפי מבקשי מקלט אריתריאים וסודנים החיים בישראל, אולם בינואר ,2018 זמן קצר לפני מועד פרסומו של דו"ח זה, הודיעה מדינת ישראל על החרפת צעדיה כלפי אוכלוסייה זו, החרפה הכוללת גם כוונה לגרשם בכפייה משטחה למדינה שלישית. מסקנות דו"ח זה ברורות: לא רק שההבטחות שניתנו לעוזבים "מרצון" אינן מתקיימות, אלא גם יישומו של "נוהל ההרחקה למדינות שלישיות" הוא בחזקת סכנה ממשית לשלומם הנפשי, לביטחונם ולחייהם של גברים, נשים וילדים, וכבר גבה את חייהם של מספר לא ידוע של בני אדם. העדויות המובאות בדו"ח זה הן קריאה לעצירתה של מדיניות הגירוש המתוכננת ולהסדרת מעמדם של מבקשי המקלט החיים בישראל.

Apesar de fundada em 1554, São Paulo tornou-se um fenômeno urbano digno de nota apenas no século XX, passando dos 239 mil habitantes em 1900 aos 10 milhões em 2000. Várias regulações procuraram ordenar o uso do solo e verticalização da cidade desde o início do século passado, mas apenas o Plano de Avenidas, elaborado em 1930 por Prestes Maia, permitiu que a cidade estabelecesse uma estrutura de expansão vislumbrando a dimensão do crescimento por vir. No final da década de 1960 o Plano Urbanístico Básico, PUB (1968) foi capaz de propor uma estrutura urbana baseada em uma combinação de sistemas de mobilidade, vias expressas para pneus e trilhos para metrôs e trens de subúrbio, organizando o crescimento em dimensão metropolitana. Em 2013 começa uma revisão do Plano Diretor aprovado em 2002, exigência da nova legislação federal brasileira que regula as cidades, levando a um novo PDE de 2014. O desafio de planejar o desenvolvimento urbano de qualquer aglomeração com população acima de dez milhões de habitantes é merecedor da atenção internacional. O novo Plano Diretor Estratégico (PDE) de São Paulo apresenta vários aspectos inovadores que podem servir de referência para países de urbanização recente, onde a estruturação do crescimento também demanda a articulação entre a construção de infraestruturas e oferecimento de níveis mínimos de inclusão social através de serviços públicos de habitação, saúde e educação. ; Sebbene fondata nel 1554, San Paolo è diventato un fenomeno urbano degno di nota solo nel XX secolo, passando da 239.000 abitanti nel 1900 a 10 milioni nel 2000. Diverse norme hanno cercato di regolamentare l'uso del suolo e la verticalizzazione della città dall'inizio del secolo scorso, ma solo il Piano dei viali (Plano de Avenidas), elaborato nel 1930 da Prestes Maia, ha permesso alla città di dotarsi di una struttura di espansione in grado di intravvedere le dimensioni della sua crescita futura. Alla fine degli anni '60, il Plano Urbanístico Basíco, PUB (1968), Piano urbanistico essenziale, fu in grado di proporre una struttura urbana articolata in una combinazione di diversi sistemi di mobilità – superstrade per i mezzi su gomma e rotaie per le metropolitane e i treni suburbani –, organizzando la crescita nell'area metropolitana. Nel 2013 si avvia la revisione del Piano urbanistico (Plano Diretor) approvato nel 2002, in risposta alla nuova legislazione federale brasiliana sulle città, portando nel 2014 a un nuovo Piano urbanistico strategico (PDE). La sfida di pianificare lo sviluppo urbano di un insediamento con oltre 10 milioni di abitanti merita attenzione internazionale. Il nuovo Piano urbanistico strategico (Plano Diretor Estratégico, PDE) di San Paolo presenta diversi aspetti innovativi e costituisce un utile riferimento per i paesi ad urbanizzazione recente, dove la strutturazione della crescita richiede un bilanciamento tra la costruzione delle infrastrutture e l'offerta di livelli minimi di inclusione sociale, erogati attraverso edilizia pubblica e servizi sanitari e scolastici. ; Although founded in 1554, São Paulo became an urban phenomenon only in the 20th century, growing from 239,000 inhabitants in 1900 to 10 million in 2000. Various regulations have sought to order the land use and the verticalization of the city since the beginning of the last century, but only the Avenues Plan, elaborated in 1930 by Prestes Maia, allowed the city to establish an expansion structure glimpsing the dimension of growth to come. It was in the late 1960s that the Basic Urban Plan, PUB (1968), was able to propose an urban structure based on a combination of mobility systems, motorways for road transportation (cars, trucks and busses) and rails for subway and suburban trains, organizing the growth at metropolitan scale. Being a requirement of the new Brazilian federal legislation on cities, in 2013 a revision of the Master Plan approved in 2002 began, and it led to a new Strategic Plan in 2014. The challenge of planning the urban development of any agglomeration with a population of over ten million inhabitants is worthy of international attention. The new Strategic Plan (PDE) of the city of São Paulo presents several innovative aspects that can serve as a reference for countries of recent urbanization, where the structuring of growth requires a balance between the construction of infrastructures and the provision of minimum levels of social inclusion through housing, health and education.

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan "Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun" ile 18.06.2018 tarihli "Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge" gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır. ; Bu çalışma, modern tarih boyunca Rusya'nın Mısır ve Libya'ya yönelik dış politikasındaki süreklilik ve değişim bileşenleri incelemeyi ve açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma farklı dönemlerde bu Arap devletlerine yönelik Rus dış politikasını belirlemede önemli rol oynayan faktörleri bulmaya çalışıyor. Bunu yapmak için birincil araştırma sorusu ve beş alt araştırma sorusu öne sürülmüştür. Başlıca araştırma sorusu şu şekildedir: Rusya'nın tarih boyunca Mısır'a ve Libya'ya yönelik izlediği dış politika çizgisi nedir? Ana araştırma sorusunu açıklığa kavuşturmak için aşağıdaki beş alt soru yardım etmektedir: 1. Rusya'nın Orta Doğu'ya ve özellikle Mısır'a ve Libya'ya yönelik başlıca dış politika ilkeleri nelerdir? 2. Mısır'a ve Libya'ya yönelik Rus dış politikası Sovyetler Birliği döneminde ve çöküşünden sonra ne kadar farklı oldu? 3. Rusya, Mısır ve Libyadaki devrimleri nasıl algıladı? 4. Arap devrimleri Rus-Mısır ve Rus-Libya ilişkilerini nasıl etkiledi? 5. Arap devrimleri sonrası Mısır'a ve Libya'ya yönelik "yeni" Rus politikasının ana hatları nelerdir? Mısır'a ve Libya'ya yönelik çağdaş Rus dış politikasını araştırmak için araştırmada yorumlayıcı yaklaşım ve tanımlayıcı tarihsel yöntem uygulandı. Bilgi kaynakları olarak hem ilk hem de ikinci el kaynaklar kullanıldı. İlk el kaynaklar olarak dış politika doktrinlerin ve sözleşmelerin metinleri kullanılmıştır. İkinci el kaynaklar olarak kitaplar, akademik ve analitik makaleler, yayınlanmış doktora tezleri ve haberler kullanıldı. Söz konusu kaynaklar İngilizce, Rusça ve Türkçe dillerindedir. Mısır'a ve Libya'ya yönelik Rus dış politikasını incelemek üzere Rusya'yı etkileyen iç ve dış ekonomik, siyasal ve sosyal faktörler titizlikle incelendi. Birinci bölümde SSCB-Mısır ve SSCB-Libya ilişkileri ele alındı. İkinci kısım, Rusya Federasyonun bu devletlere yönelik dış politikasını ele aldı. Üçüncü kısım, Mısır'da ve Libya'da yakın zamanda yaşanan olaylar ve Rusya'nın bu ülkelerde yaşanan ani dönüşüme karşı tepkisi ve izlediği politikası incelendi. ; This study aims at exploring and unveiling the continuity and change components of the Soviet and Russian foreign policies in the Middle East towards Egypt and Libya throughout modern history. It seeks to figure out the factors which play a crucial role in Russian foreign policy towards the given Arab states in the different period of time. To do so, a primary research question and five sub-research questions have been put forward. The paramount question following: What was the Russian foreign policy trajectory followed throughout their history with Egypt and Libya? In order to clarify the main research question, there are five sub-questions which are as follows 1. What are the main foreign policy principles Russia pursues in regards with the Middle East, particularly towards Egypt and Libya? 2. How does the Russian foreign policy towards Egypt and Libya differ from that during the Soviet Union and after its collapse? 3. How has Russia perceived the uprisings in Egypt and Libya? 4. How have the Arab uprisings affected Russian-Egyptian and Russian-Libyan relations? 5. What are the main lines of the "new" Russian policy towards the post-Arab uprising Egypt and Libya? To investigate the contemporary Russian foreign policy with regard to Egypt and Libya, the interpretive approach and descriptive historical method have been applied throughout the research. As for the sources of information, both first and second-hand accounts have been utilized. The first-hand sources are transcripts of doctrines and agreement texts. As far as second-hand sources are concerned, some various books, academic and analytical articles, both published and unpublished Master and Ph.D. degree dissertations, documentary films and also the news reviews have been used. The above-mentioned information has been available in English, Russian and Turkish. In order to examine Russian foreign policy applied to Egypt and Libya, a number of series of foreign policy doctrines and domestic political, economic and social factors according to which Russia has interacted with players in the Middle East, particularly in Egypt and Libya, regional events and dynamics of international systems have been scrutinized in the following three chapters. The 1st chapter examined the USSR-Egyptian and the USSR-Libyan relations. The 2nd part of the paper focused on the analysis of the Russian Federation's foreign policies towards the given states. The 3rd part was dedicated to the investigation of the recent political situation in Egypt and Libya, and Russian foreign policy towards the rapidly changing socio-political directions in the Middle East.

British photographer Edmund Clark has spent more than a decade exploring the unseen processes, experiences and sites of contemporary conflict, with particular focus on the so-called War on Terror. The Mountains of Majeed is a reflection on the end of 'Operation Enduring Freedom' in Afghanistan through photography, found imagery and Taliban poetry. Based at Bagram Airfield, the largest American base in Afghanistan, and formerly home to 40,000, Edmund Clark examines the experience of the vast majority of military personnel and contractors who have serviced Enduring Freedom without ever leaving the base. Clark distills their war down to a concise series of photographs of the two views they have of Afghanistan: what they experience of the country over the walls or through the wire of their bases, and what they see through pictorial representations within these enclaves of high technology and occupation. At Bagram Airfield, the view, both outside and inside, is dominated by the mountains of the Hindu Kush. Set against their looming presence, Clark's images from his time spent embedded with the U.S. military, expose the dystopian relationship between the man-made landscape of Bagram and the country beyond its walls. Evoking an intangible awareness of the mountains beyond, and the unseen insurgents hiding within them, Clark's quiet and contemplative images portray an alternative narrative to the one ordinarily presented by the media. Echoes of the surrounding landscape resonate in Clark's photographs of spaces within the walls of the base, finding visual rhymes in the craters formed by construction work, peaks of refuse-strewn razor wire and the precisely ordered vistas of military tents. Inside the buildings, the landscape is simulated by murals and artworks, representing another view of Afghanistan. On the walls of a dining facility, a series of paintings signed by an artist named 'Majeed' portray idealized scenes of mountain passes and lakes, in which Clark questions the influence of Western ideas of romantic or naive painting. Reflecting on the significance of the paintings' location on an American base, Clark says: "How many tens of thousands of pairs of western eyes have registered the pastoral peace of these mountainscapes? Has anyone considered what they say of the country they are playing a part in occupying?" In this exhibition, Majeed's paintings have been reproduced as a series of picture postcards. Likening them to mementos for souvenir hunters of an idealized touristic landscape, Clark's appropriation of the paintings offers a powerful reminder that the mountains remain out of Western reach. Clark says: "There is distance between these mountains. Vistas of tranquillity fabricated by hand from canvas, wood and paint. Images from an enclave captured in high resolution by the latest digital technology. Two cultures divided by landscape and time. Ever present mountains forever beyond boots confined for a duration, within walls of occupation, on a ground of gravel and tarmac. And there is convergence. Both are mountains of the imagination. Both are representations of enduring freedom; and in both the mountains belong to Majeed." The Victory Column of Enduring Freedom is a monument to the notion of victory in the war in Afghanistan. It is a reference to Emperor Trajan's column in the forum in Rome which records his campaigns in Dacia, modern-day Romania, through relief sculpture scenes spiralling up the column. The form of the spiralled column has been re-used and reinterpreted through history as an icon of victory, perhaps most notably for the victory column of Napoleon's Grand Armée in Place Vendôme, Paris, made from captured Russian and Austrian cannons. Razor wire and aggregate are materials commonly used for the perimeter security and surface imprint of enclaves of occupation in the War on Terror. This show coincides with Edmund Clark's first solo museum exhibition in the United States at ICP Museum, New York. Edmund Clark: The Day the Music Died provides a timely and thoughtful exploration of the measures taken by states to protect its citizens from the threat of international terrorism, and the far-reaching effects of such methods of control including issues of security, secrecy, legality, and ethics. It brings together over 100 images, film, official documents, and ephemera exploring the hidden experiences and spaces of control and incarceration in the so-called global war on terror. The exhibition is on view from Jan 26, 2018 – May 06, 2018, www.icp.org.

Introduction. The paper addresses the issue of psychological ensuring of personnel management in Russian scientific organizations. For the first time, the types of scientific organizations in the Russian Federation are analyzed to account for their opportunities and limitations of employing existing international techniques for personnel management under the conditions of growing globalization and informatization in the field of research activities. Theoretical Basis. When choosing a theoretical approach for psychological ensuring of personnel management, it is important to take into consideration the type of scientific organization in terms of its research activities (theoretical/applied), form of financing (budget/commercial/mixed), and the place the research activities occupy among a researcher's professional responsibilities (central/peripheral). Results. The study reviewed the following theories and theoretical models: the model of the peaks of a scientist's creative productivity (G.J.Feist), the model of gift economy in the field of research activities (K.Vermeir), and various hybrid models. According to the study analyses, the concept of motivation for scientific activity (T.V.Razina) can be instrumental in assessing the role of ten types of motivational subsystems when carrying out research activities and developing the means of stimulating them. The study concentrates on the following theoretical models for establishing creative environments: (a) the dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation (I.Nonaka and colleagues) that is applicable for any organization and (b) the model of creative environments for the research process in academic circles or commercial research laboratories suggested by A.P.Wierzbicki and Y.Nakamori. The paper also analyses certain characteristics of virtual organizations that determine specific aspects of personnel management process and reflects on particular models for its implementation. Discussion. The theories and theoretical approaches to managing research teams, encompassed in the study were analyzed specifically in application to scientific organizations in Russia. The main obstacles for their 'direct' use there lie in ethnic, national, and specific cultural characteristics of Russian research facilities, limited use of information technology, and the lack of socio-economic and political stability in the country. Highlights Cultural and historical specificity, as well as the vast variety of types of scientific organizations in Russia, determine the need for the development and considerable modification of the existing methods and techniques for personnel management. Gradually establishing creative environments in Russian research teams that would take into their specific characteristics has a great potential for the practice of personnel management. Carrying out empirical studies on creative productivity – its peaks and the factors that determine them (e.g., age, academic degree) is important for psychological ensuring of personnel management in Russian scientific organizations. ; Введение. В статье рассматривается проблема психологического обеспечения управления кадровой работой в научной организации в России. Впервые проанализированы типы научных организаций в Российской Федерации, возможности и ограничения использования в них зарубежных технологий кадровой работы в свете нарастающих процессов глобализации и информатизации в сфере научно-исследовательской деятельности. Теоретическое обоснование. При выборе теоретического подхода для организации психологического обеспечения кадровой работы важно учитывать тип научной организации в плане характера научно-исследовательской деятельности (теоретическая или прикладная), особенностей финансирования (бюджетное, коммерческое, смешанное), место научно-исследовательской деятельности в профессиональном поле научного сотрудника (основная и единственная или неосновная, дополнительная). Результаты. Проанализированы следующие теории и теоретические модели: модель пиков творческой продуктивности научного сотрудника (G.J.Feist), модель подарочной экономики в области научно-исследовательской деятельности (K.Vermeir) и гибридные модели. Проанализирована концепция мотивации научной деятельности Т.В.Разиной, позволяющая оценить роль десяти типов мотивационных субсистем в процессе осуществления научно-исследовательской деятельности и разработки систем ее стимулирования. Рассмотрены теоретические модели создания творческих сред: динамическая теория создания знаний в организации, разработанная коллективом исследователей во главе с I.Nonaka, которая может быть применима в любой организации, и модель творческой среды для научно-исследовательского процесса в академических кругах или коммерческих научно-исследовательских лабораториях, предложенная в работе A.P.Wierzbicki, Y.Nakamori. Проанализированы некоторые особенности виртуальных организаций, определяющие специфику кадровой работы в них и некоторые модели осуществления этого процесса. Обсуждение результатов. Рассмотренные зарубежные теории и теоретические подходы к управлению научными коллективами проанализированы применительно к научным организациям в России. Невозможность их «прямого» использования обусловлена этнонациональной и культурной спецификой, ограниченным использованием информационных технологий и отсутствием социально-экономической и политической стабильности в стране. Основные положения многообразие типов научных организаций в России и наличие культурной и исторической специфики требуют разработки и значительной адаптации существующих приемов и технологий кадровой работы; перспективным представляется постепенное внедрение творческих сред в научно-исследовательские коллективы с учетом российской специфики; важным моментом для организации психологического сопровождения кадровой работы в научных организациях России является проведение эмпирических исследований пиков творческой продуктивности и факторов (возраст, степень и т.п.), их обуславливающих.

This paper deals with the visibility of the autochthonous Slovene minority in Carinthia as one of the crucial factors contributing towards maintaining its identity in the territory of its traditional settlement. The paper focuses on the language of a subset of public signs, i.e., topographical signs, erected by the regional government; a controversial issue that has been exploited for political reasons. In order to elucidate the motivations for this controversy the legal framework concerning national minorities, Article 7 of the Austrian State Treaty being central to it, is examined. Further, the resulting solution of the topographical signs dispute is examined in the light of other areas concerning minority rights as reported in Opinions and Reports under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCPNM). Following on, section 2 provides a brief historical background, section 3 presents the findings of FCPNM reports concerning the implementation of bilingual topographical signs, as well as comparing the trends with minority demography and minority policies regarding media and education. Section 4 discusses the issues from section 3, leading to the conclusion in section 5, that the chronic passivity of central authorities regarding obligations based on international treaties, combined with active anti-minority policies supported by the local German-speaking majority, lead to accelerating language and identity shift and thus assimilation of the Slovene minority.要旨本稿ではオーストリア・カリンシア州に固有のスロヴェニア少数民族の存在がどのように目に見える形で現れているかについて論じる。この少数民族の可視性はその居住地域で少数民族のアイデンティティを維持するために、欠かせない要因の一つである。本論考では、カリンシア州政府に政治的に利用されようとした道路標識の一つ、市町村の入り口に立って地名をあらわす標識を巡る論争、およびその背景に焦点を当てる。論争を理解するためにはまず、オーストリア国家条約、その中では特にスロヴェニア系などの少数民族保護に触れる第 7 条に注目する。続いて、地名の標識を巡る論争の解決としてできた結果である二言語併用の標識を、「少数民族保護のための枠組み協定」 の報告書を基に、オーストリアにおける少数民族保護という文脈で検討する。本稿の第 2 節ではまず歴史的背景を短く紹介してから、第 3 節で、二言語併用の交通標識の設置を巡る FCPNM の報告を検討し、第 4 節では第 3 節で明らかにされた諸事実を考察する。第 5 節で、国際条約や協定から生じる義務に対する、オーストリア中央政府の慢性化した消極的態度と、カリンシア州のドイツ語話者の多数が指示する反少数民族的政策が組み合わさったことにより、スロヴェニア系少数民族において、多数派民族の言語の受容、及びアイデンティティの転換が加速化し、同化が進んでいるという結論に至る。

Es común que las corporaciones desarrollen sus actividades en territorios afectados por conflictos o regimens autoritarios. Sin embargo, los abusos contra los derechos humanos en los que las empresas están involucradas en tales contextos, no se conceptualizan generalmente como parte de los programas de justicia transicional. Tradicionalmente, dichos programas han concentrado sus esfuerzos en las violaciones causadas por los Estados. Asimismo, la justicia de transición históricamente no ha prestado atención a las violaciones de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales, centrándose principalmente en abusos de los derechos civiles y politicos y en violaciones relacionadas con la integridad física. Dado que los actores económicos, como las corporaciones multinacionales, gozan en la actualidad de mucho poder poder e influencia, y la division entre actores estatales y no estatales bajo el derecho internacional está siendo erosionada por este motivo, resulta oportuno y necesario que la justicia de transición aborde las violaciones de los derechos humanos en las que las empresas están involucradas. Además, reconocer el papel de todos los actores y el espectro completo de los derechos humanos violados en tales contextos resulta crucial para examinar de manera adecuada las causas profundas de los conflictos, así como para contribuir a una paz positiva y sostenible. Esta tesis explora los desafíos teóricos y prácticos de incluir la rendición de cuentas a las empresas por abusos de los derechos humanos en los procesos de justicia transicional, así como examina la idoneidad de abordar las violaciones de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales con los mecanismos de justicia de transición existentes. Por último, este trabajo tiene como objetivo proporcionar una evaluación crítica sobre dichos temas a través de un caso de estudio real: el proceso de justicia transicional en Argentina. ; While corporations often develop their activities in territories affected by conflict or authoritarianism, human rights abuses in which companies are involved in such contexts are not usually conceptualised as part of transitional justice programmes. Instead, transitional justice has been traditionally focused only on State-sponsored violence. Similarly, transitional justice programmes have ignored violations of economic, social and cultural rights, largely focusing on breaches of civil and political rights and bodily integrity violations. Given that economic actors, such as multinational corporations, gather more power and strength and the division between State and non-State actors under international law is eroded, transitional justice is being forced to address corporate-related human rights violations. Furthermore, recognising the role of all actors and the whole spectrum of human rights violated in such contexts is crucial to properly address the root causes of violence and conflict, as well as to contribute to sustainable and positive peace. This thesis explores theoretical and practical challenges of including corporate accountability for human rights abuses in transitional justice processes, as well as discussing the suitability of addressing economic, social and cultural rights violations within the existing transitional justice mechanisms. Finally, this work aims to provide a critical assessment on those issues through the lens of a real case study: the Argentinian transitional justice process. ; Bedrijven ontplooien vaak hun activiteiten in gebieden die zijn getroffen door conflicten of waar autoritaire regimes heersen. Toch worden mensenrechtenschendingen door bedrijven in dergelijke contexten zelden geconceptualiseerd als onderdeel van transitional justice programma's. Traditioneel zijn transitional justice programma's enkel gericht op door de staat ondersteund geweld. Tegelijkertijd hebben transitional justice programma's schendingen van economische, sociale en culturele rechten veeleer links laten liggen en zich grotendeels gefocust op schendingen van burger- en politieke rechten en schendingen van de lichamelijke integriteit. Gezien economische actoren zoals multinationale ondernemingen meer macht en invloed verkrijgen en de scheiding tussen Statelijke en niet-Statelijke actoren onder internationaal recht wordt uitgehold, wordt het veld van transitional justice gedwongen om zich ook te richten op bedrijfsgerelateerde mensenrechtenschendingen. Bovendien is het cruciaal om de rol van alle actoren en het hele spectrum van geschonden mensenrechten in dergelijke contexten te erkennen om de grondoorzaken van geweld en conflicten grondig aan te kunnen pakken en bij te dragen aan duurzame en positieve vrede. Dit proefschrift onderzoekt de theoretische en praktische uitdagingen om verantwoording door bedrijven voor mensenrechtenschendingen te integreren in transitional justice processen, alsook bespreek het de geschiktheid van de bestaande transitional justice mechanismen voor het behandelen van economische, sociale en culturele schendingen. Tot slot, beoogt dit werk een kritische beoordeling van deze uitdagingen te maken aan de hand van een case study over het Argentijnse transitional justice proces. ; Premio Extraordinario de Doctorado US

Introduction Although average injury rates are decreasing, large inequalities continue to exist between countries within the European Union. Mortality rates from injury for children aged 0-19 in Lithuania in 2014 were 19/100,000 whereas in Spain the rate was 4/100,000. Within countries the picture is mixed and children's injury risk is related to factors such as their socio-economic status or the education level and employment status of their parents. The impact of these factors means that important inequalities exist within countries in localised pockets of poverty and deprivation but also in wealthy areas. Better prevention of child injury is thus needed; however, it is a multi-sectoral undertaking. Risk factors are multi-faceted: social, environmental, and economic. Responsibility for controlling these risk factors transcends traditional policy sectors. Child injury prevention also occurs at multiple levels of governance; from local action to initiatives at international (European or global) level. Furthermore, injury prevention requires participation from the public and private sector and from civil society. This thesis explores the space between research and practice in the field of child safety in Europe. The research focuses upon the challenges for decision makers to analyse their local situation, choose interventions and put them into practice. Method The thesis focuses on four domains of child injury: road; water and home safety; and intentional injury prevention. Data collection for Chapters Three, Four and Six occurred between 2011 and 2014 within the framework of the EU-funded project; 'Tools to Address Childhood Trauma and Children's Safety' (TACTICS). Participants were also involved in the TACTICS project and came from 27 countries of the WHO European Region. Chapters Two and Five are based on literature reviews conducted outside the framework of the TACTICS project. The theoretical underpinning of the thesis is based first: upon the Public Health Approach to injury prevention from Sleet et al., that underlines the importance of both an evidence-based approach and evidence-based practice within injury prevention. Second: the governance for health framework by Kickbusch and Gleicher which proposes the whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach to effective health governance. Third: the six stages of implementation proposed by Fixsen et al., theoretically guides the process of implementation. A combination of research methods was used throughout. Literature reviews guided the direction of the thesis and informed the content of the models and tools proposed. Quantitative and qualitative data was generated to identify the different sectors implicated in child injury prevention. A public health ethical framework was applied to an existing child safety intervention to explore ethical considerations. Finally, qualitative data was analysed using thematic content analysis to explore the process of implementation. Results A practical tool for use at the local level to address the cross-cutting nature of child injury prevention was developed. The tool is based on Haddon's matrix and takes a life-course approach to injury prevention. It was developed for use by multi-sector stakeholders at the local level to better understand the complexity of child injury and develop multi-sectoral solutions. Twenty-seven different policy sectors were found to be implicated in child safety. Of these 27 sectors nine sectors were identified as 'core' sectors: Education; Health; Home Affairs; Justice; Media; Recreation; Research; Social/Welfare Services; Consumers Core sectors were considered applicable across the whole of child safety. Child safety reference frameworks (CSRF) were developed for use at the sub-national level. CSRF, can be used to inform policy makers about possible evidence-based child safety interventions, to assess the state of affairs in the region and to compare the situation regionally, nationally, internationally or over time. An ethical assessment of an intervention for child safety in the home highlights the relevance of public health ethics to child safety interventions. A thematic content analysis of facilitators and barriers for the adoption, implementation and monitoring of child safety interventions resulted in the identification of eight themes found to be applicable, to a varying degree, throughout the three phases of the process: Management and collaboration; Resources; Leadership; Nature of the intervention; Political, social and cultural environment; Visibility; Nature of the injury problem; Analysis and interpretation. Conclusion The findings demonstrate the multi-sectoral nature of child injury prevention and the challenges of implementation within an issue of such complexity. With a greater uptake of interventions it is hoped that the inequalities between and within countries could be reduced. The findings and tools presented in this thesis may help stakeholders at the local and regional levels to take action to protect children from injury.

This research aims to 1) study the relation between Thailand and Cambodia on the basis of Chongsangam Border Crossing contexts, Phusing District, Sisaket; 2) study the making of policy to develop trading economic at Chongsangam Border Crossing, Phusing District, Sisaket; and 3) study the way to improve trading economic competency at Chongsangam Border Crossing, Phusing District, Sisaket. The author applied qualitative research to this paper. The populations in this research were groups of government agencies who related to policy driving process in each level, groups of private organizations and residents, and academicians.This research aims to 1) study the relation between Thailand and Cambodia on the basis of Chongsangam Border Crossing contexts, Phusing District, Sisaket; 2) study the making of policy to develop trading economic at Chongsangam Border Crossing, Phusing District, Sisaket; and 3) study the way to improve trading economic competency at Chongsangam Border Crossing, Phusing District, Sisaket. The author applied qualitative research to this paper. The populations in this research were groups of government agencies who related to policy driving process in each level, groups of private organizations and residents, and academicians. The result showed that: 1) The relation between Thailand and Cambodia on the basis of Chongsangam Border Crossing contexts, Phusing District, Sisaket, the author found relation between Thailand and Cambodia on trading economic has been being developed on the basis of understanding each other. There were cooperation frameworks to drive the good relationship to trade and invest for agricultural products, strengthening links, investment supporting encouragement, academic cooperation, and new field of cooperation which both sides agreed to extend to tourism cooperation by using the stage of cooperation discussion with many participants who related to the area of Sisaket including brainstorming from region strategies and staffs. 2) The making of trading economic policy for Chongsangam Border Crossing, Phusing District, Sisaket, there was policy management to manage resources, knowledge, technology, cooperation, approach to achieve the objectives by establishing Thai-Cambodian Trade Center which makes the stability along the border of Sisaket. For this place, it is way of traveling between 2 countries – so, the staffs from 2 countries have to care much about sensitivity. There were physical logistic linking infrastructure management of Chongsangam Border Crossing; institute structure management; and resident management which linked to religions, cultures, environment, tourism, education, and cooperation between community and agencies. The competency of Chongsangam Border Crossing for being in AEC, the author found the establishment of Special Economic Border Area which expressed the point of trading and investment expansion – as we can see that the trading has been being grown up in ASEAN market. Also, there had been being the investment cooperation between 2 countries: both governments and private enterprises to exchange labors and experts. The growing of trading and investment made positive effects to service business: medical service, education and tourism which have been being grown up respectively 3) The way to develop business activity competency in Thailand and Cambodia border at Chongsangam Border Crossing. The governments had defined the policy of establishing border economic zone to accord industry, commerce, and international economic. For influenced factors which affected to the development of Thailand and Cambodia border trading policy, the author found that there were both internal and external factors which were very important to develop Thailand and Cambodia border trading policy and drove the policy to encourage expansion of trading continuously. There were improvement of infrastructure and logistic system to adjust laws and rules for border trading to be up to date, the development of border trading competency, and the development of resident competency in Sisaket to be the member of AEC. ; การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ (1) เพื่อศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ ไทย-กัมพูชา บนฐานบริบทภายใต้จุดผ่านแดนถาวรช่องสะงำ อำเภอภูสิงห์ จังหวัดศรีสะเกษ (2) เพื่อศึกษาการกำหนดนโยบายการพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจการค้าชายแดนบริเวณจุดผ่านแดนถาวรช่องสะงำ อำเภอภูสิงห์ จังหวัดศรีสะเกษ (3) เพื่อศึกษาแนวทางในการพัฒนาศักยภาพเศรษฐกิจการค้าชายแดน ไทย-กัมพูชา จุดผ่านแดนถาวรช่องสะงำ อำเภอภูสิงห์ จังหวัดศรี สะการศึกษาครั้งนี้ เป็นการศึกษาวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ ประชากรและกลุ่มเป้าหมายในการศึกษาครั้งนี้ประกอบด้วย กลุ่มเจ้าหน้าที่ของรัฐที่เกี่ยวข้องในการขับเคลื่อนหรือกำหนดโยบายการค้าชายแดน การกำหนดเขตเศรษฐกิจพิเศษในระดับต่าง ๆ กลุ่มภาคเอกชนและประชาชน กลุ่มนักวิชาการ ผลการวิจัย พบว่าการวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ (1) เพื่อศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ ไทย-กัมพูชา บนฐานบริบทภายใต้จุดผ่านแดนถาวรช่องสะงำ อำเภอภูสิงห์ จังหวัดศรีสะเกษ (2) เพื่อศึกษาการกำหนดนโยบายการพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจการค้าชายแดนบริเวณจุดผ่านแดนถาวรช่องสะงำ อำเภอภูสิงห์ จังหวัดศรีสะเกษ (3) เพื่อศึกษาแนวทางในการพัฒนาศักยภาพเศรษฐกิจการค้าชายแดน ไทย-กัมพูชา จุดผ่านแดนถาวรช่องสะงำ อำเภอภูสิงห์ จังหวัดศรี สะการศึกษาครั้งนี้ เป็นการศึกษาวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ ประชากรและกลุ่มเป้าหมายในการศึกษาครั้งนี้ประกอบด้วย กลุ่มเจ้าหน้าที่ของรัฐที่เกี่ยวข้องในการขับเคลื่อนหรือกำหนดโยบายการค้าชายแดน การกำหนดเขตเศรษฐกิจพิเศษในระดับต่าง ๆ กลุ่มภาคเอกชนและประชาชน กลุ่มนักวิชาการ ผลการวิจัย พบว่า 1. ความสัมพันธ์ ไทย-กัมพูชา บนฐานบริบทจุดผ่านแดนถาวรช่องสะงำ อำเภอภูสิงห์ จังหวัดศรีสะเกษ พบว่าความสัมพันธ์ทางเศรษฐกิจไทย-กัมพูชา มีการพัฒนาการที่ก้าวหน้าและดำเนินไปบนพื้นฐานของความเข้าอกเข้าใจกัน โดยมีกรอบความร่วมมือต่าง ๆ เป็นพลังขับเคลื่อนความสัมพันธ์อันดีระหว่างกันคือความร่วมมือด้านการค้าและการลงทุนในสินค้าเกษตร การเสริมสร้างความเชื่อมโยงระหว่างกัน การส่งเสริมและการอำนวยความสะดวกการค้าและการลงทุน ความร่วมมือด้านวิชาการ ความร่วมมือสาขาใหม่ ทั้งสองฝ่ายเห็นชอบที่จะขยายความร่วมมือด้านการท่องเที่ยว โดยใช้เวทีการแลกเปลี่ยนเรียนรู้ของผู้มีส่วนร่วม ที่เกี่ยวข้องในระดับพื้นที่และท้องถิ่นในจังหวัดศรีสะเกษโดยมีการระดมความคิดเห็นทั้งงานส่วนภูมิภาคเชิงยุทธศาสตร์และเชิงปฏิบัติการผู้มีส่วนเกี่ยวข้อง 2. การกำหนดนโยบายการพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจการค้าชายแดนบริเวณจุดผ่านแดนถาวรช่องสะงำ อำเภอภูสิงห์ จังหวัดศรีสะเกษ การบริหารจัดการเชิงนโยบายเป็นการบริหาร การจัดสรรทรัพยากร ความรู้ ความสามารถ เทคโนโลยี การประสานงานและวิธีการบริหารจัดการเพื่อให้งานบรรลุวัตถุประสงค์ โดย การจัดตั้งศูนย์ส่งเสริมการค้าชายแดนไทย – กัมพูชานำมา ความมั่นคงตามแนวชายแดน จังหวัดศรีสะเกษ โดยพื้นที่บริเวณนี้มักเป็นจุดเส้นทางคมนาคมหรือเป็นเส้นทางที่ผ่านไปผ่านมาออกไป ซึ่งทำให้เจ้าหน้าที่ฝ่ายไทยจำเป็นต้องใช้แนวทางปฏิบัติโดยคำนึงถึงความอ่อนไหวของทั้ง 2 ฝ่าย การจัดการทางกายภาพการเชื่อมโยงโครงสร้างพื้นฐานทางโลจิสติกส์ของด่านช่องสะงำ การจัดการทางสถาบันโครงสร้างสถาบัน การจัดการระดับประชาชนเป็นการเชื่อมโยงด้านศาสนา วัฒนธรรม สิ่งแวดล้อม การท่องเที่ยว การศึกษา และความร่วมมือของชุมชนและท้องถิ่น ศักยภาพของด่านช่องสะงำสู่การเป็นประชาคมเศรษฐกิจอาเซียน การจัดตั้งเขตเศรษฐกิจพิเศษชายแดน มีมุมมองเรื่องโอกาสของการขยายการค้าและการลงทุนที่เติบโตขึ้นจากฐานตลาดที่ใหญ่ขึ้นของภูมิภาคอาเซียน รวมทั้งความร่วมมือทางด้านการลงทุนระหว่างประเทศที่เพิ่มขึ้นของภาครัฐและเอกชนที่ต้องการแลกเปลี่ยนด้านทรัพยากรแรงงานและความเชี่ยวชาญ การเติบโตของการค้าและการลงทุนยังส่งผลกระทบทางบวกให้ภาคการบริการ เช่น การบริการทางการแพทย์ การศึกษาและการท่องเที่ยวที่จะเติบโตไปพร้อมกัน การเติบโตในภาคส่วนต่าง ๆ 3. แนวทางในการพัฒนาศักยภาพกิจกรรมทางเศรษฐกิจการค้าชายแดน ไทย-กัมพูชา จุดผ่านแดนถาวรช่องสะงำ การกำหนดนโยบายรัฐมีนโยบายจัดตั้งเขตเศรษฐกิจพิเศษชายแดนเพื่อให้สอดคล้องกับการแถลงนโยบายในด้านอุตสาหกรรม ด้านพาณิชย์ และเศรษฐกิจระหว่างประเทศ สำหรับปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อพัฒนาการของนโยบายการค้าชายแดนไทย-กัมพูชา พบว่ามีทั้งปัจจัยภายในและภายนอก มีส่วนสำคัญกับพัฒนาการของนโยบายการค้าชายแดนไทย-กัมพูชาที่เกิดขึ้นขับเคลื่อนนโยบายที่ช่วยส่งเสริมให้เกิดการขยายตัวของการค้าชายแดนอย่างต่อเนื่อง การปรับปรุงโครงสร้างพื้นฐานและระบบโลจิสติกส์การปรับปรุงกฎหมายและระเบียบการค้าชายแดนให้ทันสมัย การพัฒนาศักยภาพตลาดการค้าชายแดน และการพัฒนาศักยภาพของประชาชนในจังหวัดสระแก้วเพื่อรองรับประชาคมอาเซียน เป็นต้น

This thesis draws from 15 months of ethnographic fieldwork amongst pastoral communities living in ǂKhoadi ǁHôas conservancy, in the arid north-western Namibia. The thesis explores the socioeconomic consequences of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) on the communities. Two forms of CBNRM are explored namely: community-based water management (CBWM) and community-based wildlife management. This is because they not only concern the management of resources (water and wildlife) that are salient to the livelihoods the communities, but also that their management intersect with significant theoretical and policy implications. CBNRM policies and practices intervene on an environment which does not only shape the lifeworld of the communities but is also a space where actors of different worldviews participate to influence outcomes of community –based water and wildlife management. Environmental Justice is used as an analytical framework. Community-based wildlife management has generally contributed to the recovery of species diversity and wildlife populations, in particular elephants and predator wild animals. Accompanying these ecological gains are socioeconomic benefits and costs whose distribution generates mixed analyses. On the one hand, the conservancy programme has opened communal wildlife resources in ǂKhoadi ǁHôas for capital accumulation by largely foreign private tour companies through tourism and trophy hunting industry. The industry earns revenues within this formerly marginalised communal area of Namibia. Nevertheless, from total revenues, only a small fraction of about 20% is distributed locally, largely through employment and training benefits. The distribution of these benefits is skewed, as mostly younger people who have received at least secondary education get employed and consequently trained. In addition, their wages remain low and are not shared easily or widely with the community. The bulk of incomes from tourism and trophy hunting remains with tourism and associated companies in form of profits; and the state in form of taxes and levies. Whilst benefits from wildlife-based international tourism to communities remain low and are perceived unfairly distributed by the local communities, increased population of elephants and predator animals produce costs shared by pastoralists, such as water consumption and loss of livestock respectively. On the contrary, private tourism industry and the conservation community, which profit the most from conservation, pay less than their fair share. Hardly is fair compensation of the damages and loss to pastoralists made. The success of conservation and tourism industry in ǂKhoadi ǁHôas comes at the expense of livestock economy which communities attach immense value to. Hence the contribution of CBNRM to reducing inequalities and alleviating poverty is marginal in ǂKhoadi ǁHôas and furtherance put to a critical test. Local communities perceive the inequalities to be unjust and resist them through passive forms. These include: withdrawal from participation, withdrawal from ownership, passive aggressive imagery and occasional verbal aggression. The trend contradicts the very notion that CBNRM emancipates local communities through participation and creating a sense of ownership. If members of the communities continue to withdraw from participating in conservancy activities because of existing injustices, it can be predicted that the CBNRM programme in the area will either collapse or be redesigned to ensure a more fair distribution of costs and benefits. The central argument in this thesis is that the ensuing struggle over justice in ǂKhoadi ǁHôas is linked to: the expectation of economic empowerment inculcated since the inception and during the development of CBNRM in Namibia; the fact that wildlife conservation is a priority in contrast to compensation of the loss incurred by pastoralists due to elephant damages and depredation; and the inequalities produced by the way water costs are distributed. Thus, benefits to some people appeal to public script to be of a greater good, for example: conservation of biodiversity; youth employment; and the contribution of tourism to national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Nevertheless, provided the expectation of others about what they deserve is not met, the distribution is considered to be unfair. Similarly, even if people get some benefits, in form of a greater good, as long as they bear the burden of costs, which they deem to be others' responsibility, the situation is considered unjust. Hence, it is important to understand how the distribution occurs between and amongst groups and how it affects and is affected by participation of different actors and recognition of their varied interests in a mutually intertwining manner.

La Direttiva 2012/29/UE tutela le vittime di reato e mira ad assicurare loro un più effettivo accesso alla giustizia nel rispetto delle garanzie del giusto processo, del diritto di difesa e del principio del contraddittorio. La Direttiva sottolinea, in particolare, la necessità di proteggere in modo personalizzato e individualizzato tutte le vittime di reato, con speciale riguardo per le persone 'vulnerabili'. Tanto negli ordinamenti nazionali quanto nell'operato delle istituzioni si riscontra, però, un'ancora insufficiente attenzione verso una nutrita categoria di vittime: le vittime della criminalità d'impresa e, in particolare, le vittime di quella che la letteratura internazionale definisce corporate violence. Con la locuzione corporate violence si identificano le condotte penalmente rilevanti, pur riconducibili all'ordinaria attività d'impresa, lesive della salute, dell'integrità fisica o della vita delle persone: illeciti ambientali che determinano danni alla vita, alla incolumità pubblica o individuale; commercializzazione di prodotti difettosi o pericolosi che cagionano pregiudizio alla vita o alla salute dei consumatori (per esempio, prodotti alimentari e farmaceutici); infortuni sul lavoro dovuti a violazione della disciplina sulla sicurezza sul lavoro. Il volume, frutto di un progetto finanziato dall'Unione Europea (www.victimsandcorporations.eu), offre uno studio approfondito della Direttiva 2012/29/EU sotto i profili giuridici e vittimologico-criminologici, analizzando le implicazioni teoriche e pratiche dell'applicazione della Direttiva Vittima in generale e nei casi di corporate violence, con un'attenzione al più ampio quadro delle politiche europee in materia ambientale, farmaceutica e alimentare e delle politiche europee e internazionali in tema di vittime e soggetti vulnerabili. L'opera affronta le principali questioni connesse alla peculiare vulnerabilità delle vittime di corporate violence (squilibri informativi, patologie lungolatenti, incertezza scientifica, ecc.), delineando, anche alla luce delle indicazioni emerse da una articolata ricerca empirica, proposte e indicazioni in ordine alla partecipazione al procedimento penale e al sostegno, all'assistenza e alla protezione delle persone offese. L'opera include anche una serie di raccomandazioni, distillate dai significativi risultati del progetto e rivolte al legislatore e ai policy maker. Il volume è caratterizzato dal taglio interdisciplinare e da una costante lettura sistematica delle fonti normative europee e internazionali, anche alla luce della giurisprudenza della Corte di Giustizia dell'Unione Europea e della Corte Europea dei Diritti dell'Uomo. L'opera si presta a essere strumento utile per studiosi e professionisti. ; The book is the final publication of the EU-funded project "Victims and Corporations. Implementation of Directive 2012/29/EU for victims of corporate crimes and corporate violence" (www.victimsandcorporations.eu). European Union Directive 2012/29/UE introduces a 'system' of minimum standards on the rights, support and protection for victims of crimes, and their participation to criminal proceedings, without prejudice to the rights of the offender. Within the scope of the Directive and its definition of 'victim', though, there is a relevant group of victims who have not yet received enough consideration, and whose access to justice may be at stake. It is the victims of corporate crimes, and particularly of corporate violence, meaning those criminal offences committed by corporations in the course of their legitimate activities, which result in harms to natural persons' health, integrity, or life. Within the vast area of corporate crime, the project and this publication focus on three main strands of victimisation: environmental crime, food safety violations and offences in the pharmaceutical industry with the aim to explore intersections and potential synergies between Directive 2012/29/EU and the existing body of EU legal tools in these three sectors. The publication also includes an overview of the current 'state of the art' with respect to the general issue of victims' rights, support and protection in light of the EU Directive; a comparison with the principles emerging from the ECtHR case law and the broader field of international law; a study of the existing criminological and victimological literature on corporate crime and corporate violence, its harms, and its victims, integrated with the results of the empirical research which was part of the Project; an analytical discussion of said results with respect to the specific issues related to access to justice by victims of corporate violence and to support needs of said victims; a discussion of the possible benefits of integrating a restorative justice approach in dealing with corporate violence crimes. The book is completed with a set of recommendations for national lawmakers and policymakers.

This dissertation focuses on the concept of social equity in the context of performing arts-based cultural exchange. The work draws upon with Performance Studies and Cultural Studies, reviews several examples through Critical Race Studies and Memory Studies lenses, and then makes advances in Whiteness Studies. All cases revolve around the performing arts as a vehicle for bridging difference. From a practical vantage, the dissertation reviews how organizations do or do not succeed in activating their intentions in an equitable fashion. The document culminates in a Checklist for Social Good, offering a tangible way to link programmatic intentions with implementation. Fieldwork cited includes interviews, ethnographies, and participant observations to determine how programmatic design within cultural exchange has affected social narratives, such as whose cultures have value and on whose terms the programs progress. The dissertation is particularly concerned with the ways in which different worldviews and cultures can communicate effectively so as to decrease violence and xenophobia. While no one means of communication across difference is superior, the project focuses on art, and specifically performance, as a means of dialogue and sense-based learning that augments other, sometimes superficial, forms of encounter.Chapter one sets the scene by positioning the author's entry into the cultural exchange field, and goes on to explore the notion of exchange in general. It argues that learning and exchange are largely synonymous, and that both are sense-based processes that occur via the body. Chapters two and three review multiple organizations that utilize performing arts as a method for bringing together people from various parts of the world. Chapter two is dedicated to the Asia Pacific Performance Exchange (APPEX), which opened questions regarding inter- ethnic communications and experimented with ways to talk about politics and barriers through performance aesthetics. Chapter three compares MovementExchange—an Edu-touristic model— with Puentes de Poder, which is dedicated to exploring African diasporic aesthetics. Both organizations work primarily in Panama City and in California.In each case, the intentions of the program's founders were often lost or misaligned with the program design or implementation. One of the programs, Puentes de Poder, did have more success in aligning the founder's objectives with her enactment because she was happy to wait for more equitable opportunities to implement. While her ability to wait harmed the organization on a financial basis, staying true to the vision meant that there was almost no discrepancy between goals and results, particularly in regards to the efficacy of intercultural communications. The first chapter introduces the notion of a Self/Other dialectic, which is then discussed in great detail in chapter four. Exploring the formation of Selfhood frames how humans develop fear of and/or exoticization of Others. This inquiry is crucial to understanding patterns of valuation and devaluation of entire cultures and of individual humans, and is thus related to both institutional treatment of groups and how humans behave on a daily basis.Chapter five focuses on assessing programmatic impact through the lens of Impact for Social Good. Although young and applied in varying ways across sectors, the framework is useful because it asks leaders to marry intention with output. The chapter reviews the attempts of several institutions to codify the concept of "social good" and what metrics might be used to assess its implementation. Based on my case study and theoretical work, I offer a Checklist for Social Good that organizational leaders can use to assess whether a project is socially equitable. While designed with international and intercultural collaboration in mind, the Checklist reflects power flows and the ways in which dominance or subjugations are insidiously ignored or perpetuated. The Checklist is highly accessible because it refrains from academic language, but is rigorous in that it requires serious reflection on how intentions are manifested in practice.While this dissertation incorporates a wide range of data, theories, and discussions, its overarching imperative is to highlight an assessment of "what is" within any given project in order to better support what "could be." In the culminating pages I note how the reaction to this project thus far has been one of agreement but also of a desire to ignore the topic. This project underscores prior work done on Self/Other, Critical Race Studies, Cultural Studies, and organizational assessments, thus adding valuable insight into how these topics fit together. Additionally, the project opens new discussions on Aesthetic Capital, Selfhood Capital, and Social Equity assessment that not only push academic discourse, but also address a humanistic inquiry into systems of power.

The aim of this thesis is to search the role of services trade and tourism in economic growth. For this purpose, thesis is divided in three sections: the first section focuses on the role of services trade and tourism in economic growth of Turkey using time series analysis. Results confirm the long-term effects of tourism and trade in economic growth. The effects of tourism and trade sectors in economic growth are inelastic but positively significant. Results do also confirm that tourism and trade sectors are the promoters for macroeconomic activity; and foreign trade as control variable is also a promoter for international tourism in Turkey. Real exchange rates have been found as successful mediators between tourism, trade and growth; thus, this raises the importance of exchange rate policies in Turkey. Finally, a result of this study has raised the reality of import dependency of tourism development in Turkey which might contradict with exchange rate policies of the Turkish Central bank. In the second section, the role of oil price changes in the effects of services trade and tourism on real income growth in Turkey is examined. Time series analysis using the 1960-2017 annual period has been adapted with this respect. Results confirm the long-term impacts of tourism and services trade sectors on real income growth in Turkey. Tourism and trade (both services and manufacturing) exerts positively significant effects on the long-term performance of macroeconomic activity as measured by gross domestic product. Oil prices negatively impact on real income growth of Turkey. It is also found that oil prices negatively moderate the effects of foreign trade, services trade, and tourism on real income growth in Turkey. This finding reveals that significant effects of foreign trade, services trade, and tourism on real income are negatively influenced from oil price changes. In the third section, the focus is to search the role of services trade and tourism in real income growth of the European Union (EU) countries using panel data analysis. Results confirm the long-term effects of tourism and trade on economic growth. The effects of services trade on income levels are elastic and positively significant while the effects of tourism expansion are inelastic and of mixed outcomes as far as its sign of coefficients and significance are concerned. Results do not also show uniformity between panel and time series estimations of this nexus. Keywords: Tourism; Growth; Oil Prices; Services Trade; European Union; Turkey. ; ÖZ: Bu tezin amacı, hizmet ticaretinin ve turizmin ekonomik büyümedeki rolünü araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla tez üç bölüme ayrılmıştır. İlk bölümde, zaman serileri analizi kullanılarak ticaret ve turizmin Türkiye'nin ekonomik gelişimindeki rolü test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, turizmin ve ticaretin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki uzun vadeli etkilerini doğrulamaktadır. Turizm ve ticaret sektörlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri esnek değildir ancak olumludur. Sonuçlar aynı zamanda turizm ve ticaret sektörlerinin makroekonomik aktivite için teşvik edici olduğunu teyit etmektedir ayrıca, dış ticaret kontrol değişkeni olarak Türkiye'de uluslararası turizm için teşvik edicidir. Reel döviz kurları turizm, ticaret ve büyüme arasında başarılı bir arabulucu olarak saptanmıştır; Bu sonuç, Türkiye'deki döviz kuru politikalarının önemini artırmaktadır, Tüm bunlara ek olarak, Türkiye'de, merkez bankasının döviz kuru politikalarıyla çelişebilecek turizm gelişiminin ithalat bağımlılığı gerçeğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise, petrol fiyatlarındaki değişikliklerin hizmet ticareti ve turizmin reel gelir büyümesi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesidir. 1960-2017 yılları arasındaki dönemi kullananarak zaman serileri analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, turizm ve hizmet ticareti sektörlerinin Türkiye'de reel gelir büyümesi üzerindeki uzun vadeli etkilerini doğrulamaktadır. Turizm ve ticaret (hizmet ve imalat), gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla ile ölçülen uzun vadeli makroekonomik faaliyet performansı üzerinde olumlu etkiler yaratmaktadır. Diğer yandan, petrol fiyatları, Türkiye'nin reel gelir büyümesini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Ayrıca, petrol fiyatlarının Türkiye'de dış ticaret, hizmet ticareti ve turizmin reel gelir büyümesi üzerindeki etkilerini olumsuz yönde etkilediği bulunmuştur. Bu sonuç, dış ticaret, hizmet ticareti ve turizmin reel gelir üzerindeki önemli etkilerinin petrol fiyatlarındaki değişimlerden olumsuz etkilendiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde ise, panel data analizi kullanılarak Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkelerinin reel gelir artışında hizmet ticareti ve turizmin rolünün araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, turizmin ve ticaretin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki uzun vadeli etkilerini doğrulamaktadır. Hizmet ticaretinin gelir düzeylerine etkisi esnek ve pozitif yönde olup, turizmin genişlemesi ve katsayılarının önemi ile ilgili olarak turizm yayılımının etkileri esnek değildir. Sonuçlar aynı zamanda panel ile zaman dizisi tahminleri arasında bir eşitlik göstermemektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Turizm; Büyüme; Petrol Fiyatları; Hizmetler Ticareti; Avrupa Birliği; Türkiye. ; Doctor of Philosophy in Tourism Management. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Tourism, 2018. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Salih Katırcıoğlu.

International audience ; This chapter presents the main conclusions of two comparative research programmes exploring urban energy transformations, specifically energy for buildings and economic activities. Their starting point is rooted in a body of work dedicated to energy transition, a notion extensively employed in academic circles and, since the 1992 Rio Summit, increasingly associated with cities: "Cities, as entities within which an ever-larger share of energy is used, are seen as simultaneously constituting a key target of such an energy transition, as well as a key 'instrument' in delivering it" (Rutherford & Coutard 2014, p.2). The emphasis placed on the growing role of cities in the transformation of energy systems historically dominated by national players (Thorp & Marvin 1995; Bulkeley et al. 2010; Hodson & Marvin 2010) raises questions about the specificities of urban transition pathways and their geographical distribution (Bouzarovski, Introduction to this volume). The aim of the programmes was thus to explore the factors of change observable at urban scales and the main actors holding a "vision" or a strategy for energy in order to understand if and how transformations are framed, devised and implemented in relations with urban concerns and to assess the capacity for action of urban authorities. This capacity needs to be gauged in relation, on the one hand, to the traditional energy sector operators, often maintaining close links with central governments, and on the other hand, to the private players which have been strengthened by reforms in the sector (liberalisation, unbundling, privatisation or opening up to private investors). Globally, the question is about the emergence of a territorialisation of energy issues at metropolitan scales and, in this chapter, about thespecificities of this process in the context of cities in emerging countries. As pointed in the introduction of the book, such metropolises must be placed in the agenda of future research. That is urban entities where development is taking place in conditions marked by a combination of high economic growth, strong integration into globalised markets and robust institutional know-how (Sgard 2008; Piveteau & Rougier 2010). Urban energy demand here is strong, drivenboth by high urban growth rates and by rising consumption among the urban middle classes. The chapter offers a synthesis of in-depth empirical analyses exploring these questions in four big cities in emerging countries (Buenos Aires, Delhi, Istanbul, Cape Town) and a numberof secondary cities (Sfax in Tunisia, Turkish cities). These cases were chosen for contingent reasons, including the familiarity the researchers involved in the programmes had gained thanks to previous research. But as will be explained further, the research in these cities clearly showsthat urban energy issues are subjects to very different framings strongly influenced by local and place-specific concerns. In view of this and considering the uneven capacity and effectiveness of local urban action in determining the scope and nature of the cities' commitment, the chapterargues against the hypothesis of a convergence of developments towards a model of "energy transition" as set out, for instance, in national sectorial policies (see the main characteristics of the case studies in Table 7.1). The analysis also critically reviews the assumption of a growingrole for local authorities in energy governance (see also Rutherford & Jaglin 2015).2 Although cities are not passive in response to the ongoing changes and to the tensions and contestation which materialise in urban spaces in relation with the politicisation of energy issues, the chaptersuggests that energy transition is not the primary focus of urban governance in cities of emerging countries, which must address context-specific priorities pertaining to broader perspectives of urban development and social regulation.The first section explains why the focus on urban energy issues challenges the idea of a convergent and stable energy transition and leads us to favour the notion of energy changes, which is less normative and restrictive. In the second section we stress the urbanisation of energy issues, understood as the rescaling of these issues at the urban level, and discuss why it does not result nor contribute to a greater autonomy of urban stakeholders vis-à-vis national authorities and sector firms. The third section is dedicated to the analysis of the very diverse politicisation processes that occur in the surveyed cities with respect to energy policy. We conclude by summarising the main implications of the cases findings for a research on the urban governanceof energy transition sensitive to the variety of issues and contexts.