Amnesty International - wybrane aspekty działalności pedagogicznej
In: Studia i monografie 498
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In: Studia i monografie 498
In: Sowjetwissenschaft: Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft. Gesellschaftswissenschaftliche Beiträge, Band 29, Heft 2, S. 113-126
ISSN: 0038-6006
Aus sowjetischer Sicht
World Affairs Online
ISSN: 1994-0483
This article assesses the impact of sovereign countries in global financial governance. It uses the methodology of international political economy that studies the interaction between political and economic processes in the international arena. It shows the dualistic nature of international financial institutions, which, on the one hand, represent intergovernmental organizations and, on the other hand, are financial institutions with financial goals. The author investigates the principles of sovereign equality, equitable geographical representation and equal (parity) representation of groups of countries with distinct interests in the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Group of 20 (G20) and Financial Stability Board (FSB). The IMF's decision-making mechanism is shown in detail, including its executive board and the recent redistribution of quotas among member states, with special attention on the formula for calculating quotas, its criticism and possible reform. The article shows the major causes of reducing the impact of the IMF and the formation of a new, globally distributed system of financial governance. The article shows the hierarchy (by function as well as by country representativeness) of the system of global financial governance, established by 2010. It discusses the leadership of countries according to quantity and to key indicators (revenues, assets and market capitalization) of global systemically important financial institutions (banks and insurance company). Based on countries' membership in the G7 and the G20, the FSB, IMF, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, and Bank for International Settlements countries are designated as at the core, semi-periphery or periphery of the international financial system in the context of the world systems theory. The influence of the technical elite, prevailing in the international financial sector, as well as the qualitative composition (education) of its members are revealed. The article concludes that there is significant polarization in the international financial system (core and the socalled marginal majority). Unlike the IMF, the newly created global financial institutions of the G20 and FSB fully comply with the principles of equitable geographical representation and parity representation of states with distinct interests.
BASE
In: Revista Europea de Derecho de la Navegación Marítima y Aeronáutica, Heft 30
Adjusting the legal status, and support policies for migrant workers is an issue on the agenda of international institutions for nearly a hundred years. The first efforts to protect foreign workers have been taken during the first session of the International Labour Conference in 1919. In the following decades ILO activities has led to the preparation of three international documents concerning this issue (non-binding ILO Convention No. 66 in 1939, and Convention No. 97 of 1949, and No. 143 of 1975). For many decades, the problem of the protection and assistance of migrant workers' rights was considered as a narrow issue of international labor law. Codification efforts, undertaken during seventies, has led to the adaptation of the UN document (International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families) in 1990, and inclusion this issue into more general area of international human rights law. Despite this fact, and the existence of several categories of documents concerning migrant workers within Council of Europe, the European Union, and even ASEAN, the protection of migrant workers has never been effectively functioning system. The aim of this article is the analysis of the codification of that issue, and the main obstacles to consensus on the protection of migrant workers' rights. The state parties of the UN Convention contains primarily countries of origin of migrants (such as Mexico, Morocco and the Philippines). It seems, therefore, that despite 46 ratifications the, UN convention does not have a global character, and activities of its monitoring body (Committee on Migrant Workers-CMW) reflects primarily demands of sending countries. The article closely examines particularly controversial provisions of the ILO and UN documents from the point of view of current labour migrations and policies of sending and host countries.
The work considers topical issues of international economic relations of Uzbekistan. An analysis of the development of Uzbekistan's integration into the world economy is being conducted. The main government documents aimed at deepening economic reforms and structural reforms in the country's economy are given. A brief analysis of domestic economists and data of international economic bases formed the basis of this work. Political and economic relations as a basis for international cooperation in recent years have been reviewed and analyzed. Priority directions of the country's economy have been identified and the problems and prospects for the growth of Uzbekistan's international cooperation with neighbouring countries and Europe have been assessed. In conclusion, the conclusion is made about improving the functioning of market infrastructure and creating an effective market mechanism.
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In: Proceedings series / International Atomic Energy Agency
ISSN: 1610-188X
In: Scientific series: International migration of population : Russia and the contemporary world 10