Suchergebnisse

The enforcement of obligations in international relations is not governed by a supranational authority; sanctions (economic, diplomatic, communication) represent one of the possible ways in which a state may put through its rights and interests. The group of economic sanctions is very wide, and it covers measures affecting trade or financial flows (e. g. boycotts, embargoes, prohibitions on investment, payments and capital movements, withdrawal of tariff preference). The text concerns multilateral sanctions regimes applied by the United Nations and the European Union. The paper describes procedures leading to the authorization of sanctions and the circumstances under which the restrictive measures are usually applied. In both cases, the main development and widest use of sanctions occurred in the 1990s. Current economic measures are set with regard to the basic needs of common people, and they should only target the responsible elites (smart sanctions). Adapted from the source document.

The main goal of this article is to reflect about the adjustment of the international economic organization system to the new balance of power emerged with the globalization. We will review the international financial institutions that appeared after Bretton Woods and will look to the multilateral trade system inaugurated by GATT. After all, Gzo seems to be the better institution that reflects the balance of our times. Adapted from the source document.