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Award date: 1990 ; Supervisor: A. Cassese ; First made available online 3 September 2015

The paper develops a two country overlapping generations model of product improvement innovation to analyze the evolution of incompatible standards among countries. The paper emphasizes the welfare tradeoff between international standardization of products and the frequency of product improvement innovations. The paper classifies and evaluates various government standardization policies according to their objectives. ; Published in connection with a visit at the IIES.

In accordance with the mandates given by the United Nations Economic and Social Council and the agreement signed between the United Nations and the Government of Malta, the Institute's main objective is to fulfil the training needs of developing countries and to facilitate, in a practical way, the implementation of the Vienna International Plan of Action on Aging, by providing multi-disciplinary education and training in the following areas: Geriatrics, Social Gerontology and Income Security for the Elderly. The Institute is also mandated to act catalytically, and to operate through a network of co-operative cost-sharing arrangements, internationally, regionally and nationally in cooperation with the United Nations and its agencies, the Regional Commissions, academic institutes and governmental and non-governmental organisations. ; non peer-reviewed

Digitised version produced by the EUI Library and made available online in 2020.

The five articles in this issue provide a dramatic illustration of the wide diversity of conditions under which psychologists concerned with the assessment of children undertake research and provide service. One is amazed that Dr. Saigh found it possible to gather and analyze data in strife-torn Lebanon, and his report provides testimony to the devotion with which he pursued his endeavours under most difficult conditions. In the People's Republic of China, also, political strife and turmoil have hardly provided a fertile soil for assessment research. By contrast, the United States is swarming with school psychologists, sorne providing service in the schools and some who are situated in universities where research and development is encouraged and supported. Though the authors of the articles in this issue tend quite generally to affirm that assessment should be comprehensive, synthesizing information from a range of different sources, it is clear that the central concern of assessment in the educational context for most countries, and especially of assessment research, has been and will continue to be appraisal of the general level of the pupil's cognitive functioning. Assessment research on instruments or procedures can be directed at any one of three levels: (1) development of an instrument or procedure and internal analysis of its properties, (2) studies of the effectiveness of the instrument or procedure as a predictor of significant educational outcomes, or (3) studies of the usefulness of the instrument or procedure in guiding interventions to improve learning. We may consider each of these in turn, first as they apply to psychometric type instruments that yield one or more scores and then as they relate to less structured approaches such as observation and interview procedures.

"January 22, 1990." ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The establishment of a liberal multilateral trading system in the postwar period presented opportunities for rapid economic growth for Japan, and for other countries in East Asia and the Pacific, including Australia. The strength of the American economy and American political leadership ensured, for almost a generation, economic and trade growth that provided the substantial underpinning for the Western economic and security alliance. The success of the liberal international economic system, the rise of Japan and Europe as major centers of economic power and its converse, the declining relative importance of North America in the world economy, bring new challenges to international trade and economic diplomacy. These challenges focus heavily upon Japan.

This paper presents an overview of selected social policy developments in OECD countries during the eighties and describes some specific Australian developments over the period. It begins with a description of trends in government expenditure and indicates the extent to which public expenditure control has been achieved since the mid-eighties. Social expenditure trends are then described, although the absence of reliable comparative data make this analysis less complete than is desirable. Key features that have shaped the social policy context are then discussed, with a focus on the impact of government expenditure restraint, on changes in the labour market, on demographic change, and on the more general changes in economic thinking and the role of economic policy. The concepts of efficiency and effectiveness are then explained and their application to selected social programs explored. It is argued that both concepts - part of a new rnanagerialist approach to public policy generally – are essentially technical in nature and the limitations this implies for their application to social programs needs to be acknowledged. Specific consideration is given to their application in the income support domain, where international evidence from the Luxembourg Income Study is used to illustrate the shortcomings of adopting an overly narrow technical perspective. The paper then describes international developments in social services policy, focusing on health services. Finally, selected Australian experience since 1983 is discussed and used to illustrate how the current government has pursued social policy reform within an overall context of fiscal restraint.

An important issue in the divisionalized firm are the relationsships between the three levels; topmanagement, divisional management and the operational level. In the international firm thephysical location of the divisional management level becomes especially problematic because ofthis level's strategic role concerning the links to the top management and the foreign subsidiariesrespectively.Most literature on international business leaves no doubt that the parent company, the "centre",designs the organization and controls the subsidiaries, the "periphery". However, the relevance ofthis perspective is dependent on the stage of the internationalization process. In later phases ofthis process the subsidiaries can extend their operations to markets outside their own and becomestrong enough to play a strategic role in the group's total operations within a certain product areaor function. Thus a situation can arise with a firm consisting of several centres located in differentgeographic areas, rather than one centre and a periphery. In the paper this is labeled multi-centrestructure.In a political perspective such centres are expected to have considering influence on the formalorganization structure including the location of the divisional management.In the paper the relation between the internationalization of divisional management and the existence of multi-centre structures in 22 Swedish firms is analysed.

The Nancy N. Boothe papers, 1980-2009 [bulk 1990-1997], are composed of articles, notes, reports and a wide variety of feminist publications. Much of the material documents the U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women, which Ms. Boothe attended as Executive Director of Atlanta's Feminist Women's Health Center. Artifacts, artwork and textiles relate to the conference and to other women's and health issues. ; Born in Battles Wharf, Alabama (1948), Nancy N. Boothe graduated from the University of South Alabama as a registered nurse (1971). She received a B.S. in nursing from the Medical College of Georgia (1976), and a master's degree in Counseling from Troy State University [Florida Region] (1981). Boothe served in the U.S. Nurse Corps in the U.S. and Korea (1970-1984), and worked as clinical director and consultant at a number of health facilities in Louisiana and Florida. She became Executive Director of the Atlanta Feminist Women's Health Center in 1994. In 1995, she attended the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, where she taught the workshop, ""GYN Self-Help."" Boothe has served on the boards of All Women's Health Services in Portland and Eugene, Oregon; the Sexual Assault Center, Atlanta, Georgia; and the Jeanette Rankin Foundation, Athens, Georgia. She is also a member of the Feminist Majority Foundation's ""Women's Commission for Congressional Oversight"" and A.P.D. Citizen Review Panel.; Founded in California in 1971 by Carol Downer (1933-) and Lorraine Rothman (1932-2007), the Feminist Women's Health Center was established to empower women through self-knowledge, education and self-help groups. The Atlanta Feminist Women's Health Center was established in 1977. Its mission is to ""provide accessible, comprehensive gynecological healthcare to all who need it without judgment. As innovative healthcare leaders, [they] work collaboratively within [their] community and nationally to promote reproductive health, rights and justice. [They] advocate for wellness, uncensored health information and fair public policies by educating the larger community and empowering [their] clients to make their own decisions.""; The United Nations convened the Fourth World Conference on Women, September 4-15, 1995, in Beijing, China, with a Platform for Action that aimed at achieving greater equality and opportunity for women. Three previous World Conferences were held in Mexico City (International Women's Year, 1975), Copenhagen (1980) and Nairobi (1985). 189 governments and more than 5,000 representatives from 2,100 non-governmental organizations participated in the Beijing Conference. The principal themes were the advancement and empowerment of women in relation to women's human rights, women and poverty, women and decision-making, the girl-child, violence against women and other areas of concern. The resulting documents of the Conference are The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women manifested a global women's movement for change and has been called ""the Woodstock of the women's movement.""; The World Conference on Women was also accompanied by an informal meeting (August 30-September 8) of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This NGO Forum on Women, Beijing '95, brought together thousands of women from around the world to exchange information and ideas, celebrate women's achievements and contributions and draw attention and develop solutions to discrimination facing women world-wide.

The paper sets up an analytical framework within which the arguments for centralized vs. decentralized tax policy can be represented and weighed against each other. Two aspects of the debate are considered: first, the global welfare effects of 'harmonizing' tax reforms are discussed when preferences for public goods differ across countries and non-distorting taxes are not available. Second, the welfare implications of tax competition and tax harmonization are evaluated in a setting where both fiscal and political externalities (Leviathantype governments) exist.

This paper builds up a two country model of trade and unemployment allowing for perfect mobility of capital across the borders. Capital moves from the north to the south, which suffers from unemployment. A few basic policies related to lowering of unemployment are discussed. In particular it is shown that larger tariff as well as smaller tax on foreign capital may reduce employment in the south.

In 1990, The Coopers & Lybrand Consulting Group at the request of the Mining Association of Canada carried out a survey of reclamation regulations in selected countries and jurisdictions outside Canada. This initial study was later supplemented by data from Canadian provincial jurisdictions. This paper presents a summary of the findings of these studies and comparisons between the various jurisdictions. There has been a progression in various Mining Acts from legislation covering the safety aspects of mining and health to much more complex environmental concerns ranging from disturbance of flora and fauna to the ultimate reclamation of the areas affected by mining. Identification of and compliance with reclamation regulations, the funding of reclamation activities, and the responsibility of operator beyond the abandonment of the property are issues which are becoming of increasing concern to mine developers and operators ; Non UBC ; Unreviewed ; Other

Toward the end of his book, Reflections on the Psalms, C. S. Lewis considers the nature of Scripture. He notes that the Bible includes the same sort of material found in any other literature: chronicles, poems, moral and political diatribes, romances, among others. He observes that this raw material contains "naivety, error, contradiction, even (as in the cursing Psalms) wickedness." Christians, Lewis continues, must not recoil from the rawness of the material but must open themselves up to the mystery of God's way. For just as the dust of the ground is taken up into human life through Adam, and just as humanity is taken up into the Godhead through Christ, so human material is taken up into Scripture to carry the word of God. The consistency of God's way is apparent at all three levels.

"October 1990." ; Shipping list no.: 90-767-P. ; Cover title. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 29). ; Mode of access: Internet.