Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Glossary -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- L -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- 1 The Development and Nature of International Law -- Introduction -- The Historical Development of International Law -- The Binding Nature of International Law -- The Enforcement of International Law -- Centralized enforcement machinery -- Extra-legal considerations -- The enforcement of international law by individual states -- 2 The General Principles of International Law -- States as Sovereign Entities -- What is a state? -- State sovereignty and international law -- States as the Primary Subjects of International Law -- International organizations -- Individuals -- The Sources of International Law -- Customary international law -- Treaties as sources of international law -- Other sources of international law -- 3 International Relations Perspectives on International Law -- The Approach of International Relations Theories to International Law -- Realism -- Institutionalism -- Liberalism -- Constructivism -- Recent Interdisciplinary Work on the Role of International Law -- Byers: custom, power and the power of rules -- Koh: why nations obey -- Arend: do international rules matter? -- Conclusions -- 4 Preventing the Use of Force by States: Korea, the Gulf Conflict and Beyond -- Introduction -- Korea (1950) -- The Gulf Conflict (1990-1) -- The Legality of Subsequent 'Enforcement' Actions -- Iraq (1998) -- Kosovo (1999) -- Conclusions -- 5 Diplomacy and the Threat of Force -- Introduction -- The Threat of Force as a Tool of International Diplomacy -- The Legality of the Threat of Force -- Permissible Threats of Force -- The Legality of the Threat of Force in the Gulf Conflict -- Conclusions -- 6 Extraditing Pinochet -- Introduction -- The Issues -- The Decision in Ex parte Pinochet -- Extraditable crimes.

Since 1965, when it decided to create a Secretariat, the Commonwealth has increasingly been seen as a formal international organization, rather than the informal family or community of like-minded states that characterized its earlier self-identification. Notwithstanding very modest assumptions about what its role should be, the Secretariat itself has done much to encourage this tendency. Yet, given its lack of both a constitution & very clear functions, there is still room to question what kind of IGO the Commonwealth is & whether it can find a distinctive niche in the ever-expanding universe of IGOs. At different times since 1965, the Commonwealth has assumed five different kinds of identities. It is argued here that a combination of three of these, together with what remains of its community traditions, could provide it with a valuable, if limited, role in an era of globalization. Adapted from the source document.

Explores the relevance of customary rules of international humanitarian law & the mechanisms through which they are created. International humanitarian law adopted in Geneva in 1864 was based on customary rules generated by practices adopted in previous wars. In spite of extensive codification of humanitarian law by numerous treaties, treaty law does not adequately cover today's armed conflicts, especially those that are not international in scope. Customary international law is said to have the potential to fill existing holes in treaty law resulting from a lack of substantive coverage or ratification. Situations in which customary international law could be useful, & the methodology used to institute rules of customary international law, are described. Research on customary rules of international humanitarian law conducted by the International Conference of the Red Cross & Red Crescent identifies 200 basic rules found to be customary in today's noninternational armed conflicts. These rules will be included in a code of customary international law that will be binding upon parties in international & noninternational armed conflicts. J. Lindroth

Das Heft dokumentiert die Beiträge eines Technik-Symposiums über Internationale Migration und Entwicklung, das vom 29.6. bis 3.7.1998 in Den Haag stattfand. (IAB)

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Introduction -- The Context in the New Millennium -- Recent Crimes and Renewed Challenges I -- Recent Crimes and Renewed Challenges II -- The Enforcement of International Norms -- References -- PART I: THE CONTEXT IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM -- 1 Rethinking the Agenda of International Law -- INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE CRUCIBLE OF POST-COLD WAR HISTORY -- The Sandinista Innovation -- The Gulf War -- BCCI -- Antarctica -- The Rushdie Fatwa -- Conclusions -- WHICH NEW WORLD ORDER? -- A PROVISIONAL ASSESSMENT -- REFERENCES -- NOTES -- 2 Globalization, Criminogenic Asymmetries and Economic Crime -- A. Introduction -- B. A Definition of Transnational Crime -- C. Criminogenic Asymmetries and Economic Crime -- D. Globalization and Asymmetries -- E. Globalization, Dysnomie and 'Crimes Without Lawbreaking' -- F. Conclusion and Policy Implications -- G. References -- 3 Women and Globalization: The Failure and Postmodern Possibilities of lnternational Law -- ABSTRACT -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. WOMEN AND GLOBALIZATION -- A. Globalization -- 1. The Free Flow of Capital and Free Trade -- 2. Culture -- a. The Lexus and the Olive Tree -- b. The Intercontinental Hotel -- B. Women in the Global Economy -- 1. Data -- a. An Overview: Statistics -- b. A Closer Look: The Feminization of Labor -- i. Wage Differentials -- ii. Women's Work -- iii. Lack of Data -- 2. Snapshots -- a. A Teenager in the Maquiladoras -- b. A Woman and Her Children in the Moscow Subway -- c. A Woman Leaving Her Children in Central Park -- d. A Young Girl in Thailand -- III. THE FAILURE OF CLASSIC INTERNATIONAL LAW -- A. International Human Rights Law -- 1. The System -- 2. Economic Rights -- a. On the State Level -- b. Non-State Actors -- i. International Organizations (lOs)