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International audience ; The COVID-19 pandemic has led many governments to implement lockdowns. While lockdowns may help to contain the spread of the virus, they may result in substantial damage to population well-being. We use Google Trends data to test whether the lockdowns implemented in Europe and America led to changes in well-being related topic search terms. Using differences-in-differences and a regression discontinuity design to evaluate the causal effects of lockdown, we find a substantial increase in the search intensity for boredom in Europe and the US. We also found a significant increase in searches for loneliness, worry and sadness, while searches for stress, suicide and divorce on the contrary fell. Our results suggest that people's mental health may have been severely affected by the lockdown.

International audience ; The concept of commons is part of the long history of the Moroccan peasantry. Traditionally, many natural resources, such as water for irrigation, collective lands and common pastures or the forests were governed by community principles derived from customary rules, like in the 'agdal' system for example. However, these collective systems have been greatly weakened over the years. Firstly, these organisations, inherited from the traditional hierarchical system of local politics, had produced sometimes unjust and inefficient systems of resource distribution to the advantage of the most powerful. Secondly, rural communities were From rural to urban areas: new trends and challenges for the commons in Morocco Recto running head : THE JOURNAL OF NORTH AFRICAN STUDIES Verso running head : B. ROMAGNY ET AL.

Includes bibliography ; This present volume is the third in a series of education sector analysis (ESA) guidelines following two volumes published in 2014. The series provides methodologies and applied examples for diagnosing education systems and informing national education policies and plans. This volume proposes guidelines to strengthen national capacities in analyzing education systems in four areas: inclusive education system for children with disabilities, risk analysis for resilient education systems, functioning and effectiveness of the educational administration, and stakeholder mapping and problem-driven analysis (governance and political economy). The present volume was prepared by experts from various backgrounds (including education, economics, sociology, political science and other social sciences) from UNESCO's International Institute for Educational Planning, UNICEF, the United Kingdom's Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office and the Global Partnership for Education.

Turkey's military operations in 2020 and beyond lie at the intersection of a more activist and autonomous foreign policy, the continuous mutation of the country's guiding ideologies, increased autocracy at home, and an expeditionary military machine 25 years in the making. Trends and shifts in both the short and long terms, from changing government coalitions in Turkey to the Syrian civil war, help to explain the erstwhile Kemalist Republic's accelerated transformation, both internationally and domestically, as well as its likely strategic implications. ; Die Militäroperationen der Türkei im Jahr 2020 und darüber hinaus befinden sich an der Schnittstelle einer aktiveren und autonomeren Aussenpolitik, der kontinuierlichen Veränderung der Leitideologien des Landes, einer zunehmenden Autokratie im Inland und einer seit 25 Jahren in der Anfertigung befindliche Expeditions-Militärmaschinerie. Kurz- und langfristige Trends und Veränderungen von Regierungskoalitionen in der Türkei bis zum syrischen Bürgerkrieg erklären die beschleunigte Transformation der ehemaligen kemalistischen Republik auf internationaler und nationaler Ebene sowie ihre wahrscheinlichen strategischen Auswirkungen. ; ISSN:1664-0667

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has severely disrupted supply chains in the United States; the objective of this poster is to provide relevant information to key stakeholders in academia, government, and the general public by providing evidence-based predictive models and risk analytics on the causes and effects posed by COVID-19, on the U.S. trade supply chain infrastructure. The identification and characterization of evidence depicting the dynamics of infrastructure interactions of U.S. domestic and international trade supply chains, from procurement, manufacturing, warehousing, to transportation processes, are expected to derive inferences from public sources of information, and databases following a common risk framework developed by our research group at Texas A&M University. ; DHS Award Number 18STCBT00001-04-00 and CFDA Number 97.061

International audience ; The COVID-19 pandemic has led many governments to implement lockdowns. While lockdowns may help to contain the spread of the virus, they may result in substantial damage to population well-being. We use Google Trends data to test whether the lockdowns implemented in Europe and America led to changes in well-being related topic search terms. Using differences-in-differences and a regression discontinuity design to evaluate the causal effects of lockdown, we find a substantial increase in the search intensity for boredom in Europe and the US. We also found a significant increase in searches for loneliness, worry and sadness, while searches for stress, suicide and divorce on the contrary fell. Our results suggest that people's mental health may have been severely affected by the lockdown.

This paper is intended to do four tasks. First, analysis is intended to explore the process of creation of different narratives on migration and how the popular discourses are reflecting diversity of identities. Second, analysis should scan what are capacities, strengths and weaknesses of human capital of migrants and how they could be empowered. Third, analysis will try to discover open spaces for alternative, constructive social and political activism of both migrants and native population in relation to migrant issues. Forth, analysis should explore what are obstacles - boundaries for development of diversity in migrations, and what are modern tools for boundarisation and securitization of migrations. These four tasks will be implemented mainly through desk analysis of the contemporary academic and research literature, international humanitarian organizations and media reports on migrations.

On November 26, 2008, terrorists belonging to the Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) conducted coordinated terrorist attacks against multiple targets in Mumbai. The three-day carnage in India's financial and economic centre, principal port city and second-most populous urban area in the country led to the killing of around 165 people and wounding of over 300 additional victims – in one of the most significant acts of international terrorism since 9/11. According to former intelligence officer and senior analyst Bruce Riedel, the Mumbai attacks (also known as 26/11) became 'a milestone in global Jihad', setting the 'gold standard' for terrorists assaults for the following decade. The 2013 Westgate-Mall attacks in the Kenyan capital Nairobi and the 2015 Paris massacre are just two horrific examples 'modelled on Mumbai'. […]

In his new book, Pau Bossacoma Busquets combines political theory and philosophy with perspectives from international and constitutional law and a variety of empirical, historical and contemporary case studies. Thereby, he presents a new theoretical framework for discussing the Morality and Legality of Secession (2020) in general and various theoretical, institutional and practical challenges presented by movements for independence in particular ; En su nuevo libro, Pau Bossacoma Busquets combina la teoría política y la filosofía con perspectivas del derecho internacional y constitucional y una variedad de estudios de casos empíricos, históricos y contemporáneos. De esta manera, presenta un nuevo marco teórico para discutir la Moralidad y Legalidad de la Secesión (2020) en general y varios desafíos teóricos, institucionales y prácticos que presentan los movimientos independentistas en particular.

In the time of disasters and crisis, governmental organizations are responsible for performing disaster-relief tasks and providing economic support. However, these organizations may fail to fulfill their duties in emerging and developing market settings either because of a lack of resources or bureaucratic inefficiencies. At the rise of these situations, corporations are expected to help society via corporate social responsibility (CSR) projects. This viewpoint article reflects upon the Ford-Otosan's attempt to devise a CSR project to support Turkish citizens during the COVID-19 crisis and meet the public's expectations. This study aims to set a future research agenda on CSR and multinational joint-ventures' non-market strategies by illustrating a unique insight into an international joint-venture during the COVID-19 crisis.

The threat of terrorism as an international political agenda has become a specialconcern in the discussion of all global institutions in the world in the field of defenseand security. In an effort to deal with the threat of counterterrorism, Indonesia as acountry is also involved in facing the threat of terrorism. For more than 20 years,Indonesia has pursued policies to tackle counterterrorism. This article discusses andevaluates how Indonesian policies address terrorism and its implications for thedevelopment of counterterrorism in Indonesia. The author departs from theassumptions and theories of terrorism, counter terrorism, and realism in the review ofnational security. The author concludes that there needs to be an interdisciplinarystudy involving both military and non-military aspects, strategic efforts in makingcounter-terrorism policies, and the existence of resolutions that make terrorism afactor.Keywords: decolonialization, defense diplomacy, national security, counter terrorism

This article studies the strategies and effects of early modern public diplomacy. It does so by analysing how two English ambassadors stationed in the Dutch Republic during the Truce period (1609–1621), Ralph Winwood and Dudley Carleton, used print in their diplomatic negotiations. Focusing on the Vorstius affair (1611–1613) and the affair of the Balance (1617–1619), the article shows how Dutch politico-religious controversies became entangled with foreign policy. Winwood and Carleton, it argues, had a clear public diplomacy strategy in which print played a prominent part. Their public interventions contributed to the escalation of the Dutch conflict, and severely damaged both the domestic and international reputation of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt. Thus, English public diplomacy helped to bring about the fall of this leading statesman.

Efforts to form a national legal order that serves national interests (as directed by the GBHN), of course, must pay attention to existing laws (customary law / laws that applyin society and colonial law) as well as laws that are currently developing in the international world. This paper will discuss legal development in Indonesia in terms of a systems approach with customary law as one of the inputs. The process of development (formation) of national law by itself will be influenced by the state of the cultural subsystem, political subsystem and economic subsystem that currently exists and applies in Indonesia. In the context of customary law as input in order to achieve the goal of becoming National Law, its position as input itself has also been influenced by these subsystems.

International audience ; Several types of antibodies (Abs) are currently used in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Anti-angiogenic and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) Abs are the most frequent treatments used alone or with chemotherapy in metastatic NSCLC, for the front line and beyond. Considering the many therapeutic options for locally advanced and metastatic lung cancer and differences in use according to geographic area, we present here a comprehensive review of the marketed ICI and anti-angiogenic Abs approved in the European Union (EU) and the US to treat locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC patients. We briefly describe the different molecules and their development in thoracic oncology and compare pharmacokinetic data, processing decision algorithms and marketing authorizations by the EMA and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

International audience ; Research providing an evidence-base for autistic adult services is sparse. The Autism Spectrum Disorders in the European Union (ASDEU) network implemented an on-line survey to determine gaps in autistic adult diagnostic evaluation and postdiagnostic support services. More than 55% in all groups experienced most of the recommended features for diagnostic evaluation for autistic adults. In contrast, < 2% of adults or carers, and < 21% of professionals experienced each of the recommended features for post-diagnostic support. In contrast to 61% of professionals, only about 30% of autistic adults and carers had knowledge of good local services models for autism diagnosis in adulthood. There are major differences between good practice guidelines for diagnostic and post-diagnostic care for autistic adults, and what is actually experienced by services users and professionals.