Suchergebnisse

Die Verfasser stellen Fragen und Ergebnisse zur Einkommensmessung in zwei internationalen Umfrageprojekten vor, dem European Community Household Panel und dem European Social Survey. Vorgelegt werden Ergebnisse für Deutschland, Großbritannien, Italien und Luxemburg. Die Verfasser diskutieren fünf Merkmale, die einen Einfluss auf die Qualität der Antworten haben können: Haushaltsgröße, Stellung des Antwortenden in der Familie, Haupteinkommensquelle, Zusammensetzung des Einkommens, kognitive Fähigkeit des Befragten, sich an das Einkommen zu erinnern. Abschließend wird nach der optimalen Bestimmung der Einkommensklassen für Untersuchungen in verschiedenen Ländern gefragt. (ICE)

Argues that distinguishing between sovereignty's modern & postmodern forms problematizes Michael Hardt & Antonio Negri's (2000) analysis of Empire & the place of coercion in the so-called postcolonial & postimperial world. Discussion opens with a consideration of the crisis connected to various representations amid globalization, linking these representations to a conception of the international dominated by the sovereign Westphalian state. Three interconnected flaws in this sovereignty narrative include debilitating statecentrism, an unsustainable Eurocentrism, & the corresponding failure to comprehend key aspects of coercion in world politics. This narrative restricts representations of the international. Critique of Hardt & Negri's work reveals that, although their representation is ostensibly removed from the sovereignty narrative, their account of Empire depends on the same conception of the international. An alternative representation of the world that centralizes the state's & capital's internationalization is provided to confront Hardt & Negri's misleading analysis of the nature & distribution of power. It is asserted that such an alternative makes effective political action more likely. J. Zendejas

The argument is presented that the increasing awareness of the tension between international trade/globalization & environmental protection will only improve with the co-evolution of ecological knowledge & reform of national & international institutions. The author supports the argument by analysis of three topics that include epistemological tensions between key trade & environment norms, the relationship between trade, ecology & intellectual property rights in relation to the TRIPS agreement & geographical indications, & the importance of shared national experience & ecological knowledge for institutional innovation & integrative responsibility at the international level. The author advocates continued experiments between institutions in spite of the current lack of intellectual & political leadership needed to guide dialogue between the national & international communities. References. J. Harwell

Die Autorin setzt sich in ihrem Beitrag mit der Internationalisierung der Forschung und insbesondere mit den Problemen interkultureller Kooperation in den Sozialwissenschaften kritisch auseinander. Sie gibt zunächst einen kurzen Überblick über den Forschungsstand der Sozialwissenschaften, der eine internationale Kollaboration nahe legt, wie z. B. die "akademische Kultur" der Scientific Community, die disziplinäre Orientierung, die nationalen Rahmenbedingungen und die internationalen Machtstrukturen des Wissenschaftsbetriebes. Vor diesem Hintergrund diskutiert die Autorin die zukünftigen Herausforderungen der internationalen Zusammenarbeit, die insbesondere folgende Bereiche betreffen: Übersetzung, epistemologische Fragestellungen, vergleichende Methodologie und interkulturelle Kommunikation. Sie umreißt die Strukturen einer neuen internationalen Kollaboration in den Sozialwissenschaften, die ihrer Meinung nach eine polyzentrische Forschung sowie spezifische Fähigkeiten, Kompetenzen und Einstellungen der einzelnen Forscher erfordert. (ICI).

"In cross-cultural (and cross-national) survey research, the equivalence of survey questions rivals the importance of their reliability and validity. This paper presents a review of the multiple dimensions of equivalence that must be addressed when conducting comparative survey research. Available methodologies for establishing one or more forms of equivalence are also identified and the strengths and limitations of each approach are examined. It is concluded that multiple methodologies must be implemented in order to insure the cross-cultural equivalence of survey measures." (author's abstract)

Offers the apparent North American consensus on the analysis of international political economy, highlighting the empirical hotspots that have captured the most attention & some that require a bit more consideration. The areas of international trade, monetary relations, & foreign direct investment are scrutinized to define the research limits of international political economy in terms of empirical puzzles & a theoretical agenda. Some research strands are organized around concepts, eg, international cooperation, rather than specific areas; the need for more nuanced & measurable outcomes for these analyses is cited. The domestic politics of foreign economic policy is examined, noting that the heart of the domestic-international link lies in the reciprocal impact of domestic institutions & interests on international interaction. Attention turns to the international level of analysis targeting the strategic interactions of national states with respect to economic affairs & the role of international institutions in setting the tone of international economic relationships. The narrow range of analytical & empirical problems tackled by the extant literature is cited, & it is contended that theorizing the integration of the domestic & international levels of analysis is a key pursuit. J. Zendejas

Examines the growing threat of international terrorism, calling for a multinational legislative approach. It is argued that the key to such an approach, along with international cooperation in crime prevention & criminal justice, is the adoption of a legal definition of terrorism that can be enforced through domestic legislation. Efforts toward such a definition by the G7 countries plus Russia (P-8), including the 1995 Halifax (Nova Scotia) & Ottawa (Ontario) Summits, the 1996 Sharm el-Sheikh Summit, & International Crime Control Act, are analyzed. The recommendations of the 1996 Lyon & Paris (France) Ministerials for constructive engagement to promote change in certain countries are discussed. It is concluded that until nations beyond the P-8 implement these measures, they will be useless against terrorists increasingly driven by religious fanaticism. T. Arnold

"In this article the author addresses the question of the ontology of power and rule-setting in the international monetary system. By distinguishing between two dimensions of monetary power - autonomy and influence - he offers an innovative approach towards power in the international monetary system. Within this context he examines and analyses different developments, outlining a diffusion of power among states as well as between states and non-state actors rather in the dimension of autonomy than in the dimension of influence. The author introduces the concept of leaderless diffusion, meaning that leadership in the system has been more scattered than relocated. He argues that a power shift has taken place from few very powerful states towards a growing number of autonomous actors, especially when it comes to rule-setting abilities within the monetary system. Furthermore, he outlines that on the level of governance, a distinction should be made between the individual state and the global system and thus offers an elaborated approach towards understanding monetary and economic power in the 21st century." (author's abstract)

The annual Conference of Parties (COP) of the Framework Convention on Climate Change takes place since the establishment of the Berlin Mandate in 1995. Since then the on-going climate change negotiations have produced little
progress in preventing the ultimate objective of the Framework Convention that is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
Mainly responsible are three overarching conflicts, which have overshadowed all effort for an effective agreement so far. While the first and second conflict is within the developing and within the developed countries, the third conflict is between developing and developed countries. The latter conflict debates the question of how much and by whom emissions should be reduced in the future. The discipline of international relations provides two theoretical perspectives to predict the success of this year´s climate change negotiations. Whereas Realism perceives power to be the main reference for explaining international cooperation, constructivism puts the recognition of material as well as ideational factors in the centre of observation. If applied on the different negotiation parties, the realist perspective provides a far more pessimistic outlook for a successful agreement than constructivism.

The main aim of this essay is to discuss how international large-scale assessments can be utilized for policy evaluation studies. The authors overview key findings from previous studies and propose the curriculum as an organizing concept in considering firstly, how educational opportunities are provided to students around the world, and secondly, the factors that influence how students use these opportunities. Thereafter, they discuss recent developments in the design of the international studies and methodological advances that allow for robust inferences about the causal mechanisms that cause the observed differences in student outcomes. Finally, the authors identify major challenges for future research including the demand for studies that utilize the trend design of modern studies, more focus on educational equity, and strengthening interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaborations. (DIPF/Orig.).