International æstandards' and international governance
In: Journal of European public policy, Band 8, Heft 3, S. 345-370
ISSN: 1350-1763
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In: Journal of European public policy, Band 8, Heft 3, S. 345-370
ISSN: 1350-1763
In: International organization, Band 29, Heft 1, S. 99-131
ISSN: 0020-8183
World Affairs Online
In: International organization, Band 43, Heft 2, S. 301-322
ISSN: 1531-5088
Much of the contemporary literature on the utility of international sanctions approaches the apparent riddle of why sanctions are embraced so eagerly when they are supposedly such an "ineffective" tool of statecraft by focusing on the instrumental and rational purposes of sanctions. As a result, one purpose that does not always lend itself to a rational means-end calculus—the purpose of punishment—tends to be overlooked or, more commonly, dismissed outright. This article explores punishment as both a useful and an effective purpose of international sanctions. It argues not only that sanctions should be distinguished from other forms of hurtful statecraft but also that they are a form of "international punishment" for wrongdoing, despite the difficulties of applying the term "punishment" in the context of international relations. The article then examines the purposes of punishment and reveals that only some are understandable when a model of means-end rationality is used, suggesting that the element of the nonrational also plays an important role in international sanctions. The argument is then applied to the case of U.S. sanctions imposed after the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan to demonstrate the different purposes of punishment at work in this case. The article concludes that just as we cannot understand punishment as a purposive human activity solely by reference to a rational model of a means to a clearly delineated end, so too we cannot entirely understand sanctions as a form of international punishment by an attachment to a rational model of policy behavior. However, some forms of punishment are exceedingly effective, and this may explain why sanctions continue to be a popular instrument of statecraft.
In: American journal of international law: AJIL, Band 15, Heft 3, S. 361-374
ISSN: 2161-7953
In a reeent work entitled The Psychology of Nations we are told that "International Law must be made intelligible to very young minds, and now that we are to have an international seat of congresses and courts, the interest must be made in its existence to give reality to the idea of internationalism." This admonition by a psychologist is illustrative of a widespread attitude toward international law; that it is a matter readily understood, for which there need be no specialized training, everyone being competent to pass judgment upon any subject about which international law is supposed to be concerned.
In: Foreign affairs, Band 56, Heft 1, S. 72-88
ISSN: 0015-7120
Aus westeuropäischer Sicht
World Affairs Online
In: International political science abstracts: IPSA, Band 57, Heft 6, S. 783-815
ISSN: 1751-9292
In: International political science abstracts: IPSA, Band 57, Heft 5, S. 653-680
ISSN: 1751-9292
In: International political science abstracts: IPSA, Band 57, Heft 4, S. 527-554
ISSN: 1751-9292
In: International organization, Band 29, Heft 1, S. 99-131
ISSN: 1531-5088
In the 21 years since the conclusion of the Second World War, a complicated, piecemeal framework of trading arrangements under various international organizations has been created. Now there is concern, internationally and domestically, as to whether this framework is a durable basis for expanded world trade.
In: International Political Science Abstracts, Band 74, Heft 2, S. 304-337
ISSN: 1751-9292
In: International Political Science Abstracts, Band 74, Heft 1, S. 134-165
ISSN: 1751-9292
In: International Political Science Abstracts, Band 73, Heft 6, S. 913-929
ISSN: 1751-9292
In: International Political Science Abstracts, Band 73, Heft 5, S. 772-801
ISSN: 1751-9292
In: International Political Science Abstracts, Band 73, Heft 4, S. 606-634
ISSN: 1751-9292
In: International Political Science Abstracts, Band 73, Heft 3, S. 436-471
ISSN: 1751-9292