Suchergebnisse

Статья посвящена исследованию современной российской и международной практикам криптографической защиты информации в системе электронного правительства. В данной статье рассмотрены основные направления работы государственной информационной системы (ГИС), реализуемой в рамках проекта «Цифровое правительство» и предложена возможность использования биометрии, как дополнения к степени надежности криптографической защиты информации.

The emergence, diffusion and internalization of international norms face underestimated challenges in the sphere of arms control, which attempts to regulate and restrict the development and use of weapons. We explore the concept of uncertainty and reveal how it sets arms control apart from some other spheres that have experienced a rapid development and consolidation of international norms. The dynamic nature of technological change creates expectations of revolutionary novelty and perceptions of radical uncertainty, which run against some of the main mechanisms supporting international norms including grafting, strategic bargaining and moral consciousness raising. An original qualitative case study on norms related to the prohibition of biological weapons confirms that overcoming uncertainty is particularly difficult in arms control and that norms regulating weapons remain fragile after their institutionalization, due to ever-evolving technological change.

This article presents the theoretical aspects of the development of international trade in services in the context of digital transformations. Shown the role of e-commerce at the present time and the main problems of its development in Russia.

Pure cultures of 19 strains of spore-forming bacteria were obtained from the equipment surfaces
of the Russian segment of the International Space Station. The study of morphological, cultural
and physiological-biochemical properties of these bacteria allowed us to attribute all strains
to the genus Bacillus. As a result of using MALDI-TOF methods and genome-wide sequencing,
it was found that out of 19 bacillus strains, six belong to the species B. paralicheniformis, four
to B. pumilus, four to B. subtilis, two to B. cereus and one to B. amyloliquefaciens. In accordance
with the requirements and norms of EUCAST 2023, the resistance of bacillus strains obtained
from the Russian segment of the International Space Station to antibiotics such as imipenem,
meropenem, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin
and linezolid was studied. Resistance to erythromycin was found in 11 strains of bacilli and five
strains showed resistance to clindamycin. Only one strain showed resistance to imipenem,
levofloxacin and norfloxacin, respectively. Analysis of the complete genome of bacterial strains
in which resistance to erythromycin and (or) clindamycin was found made it possible
to establish that resistance to these antibiotics in B. paralicheniformis strains SE71, SE131,
SE181, SE182, SE183 provides the ermD antibiotic resistance gene. In B. cereus SE43,
resistance to erythromycin encodes the mphL gene.

The article presents an overview of the work of the international scientific and practical conference Literary Digital Archive as Cultural Practice and Social Experience, held on October 20, 2022 at the Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences and dedicated to the results of a research project carried out at IMLI with the support of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (RNF) - Transcript: Politics and Literature. Digital Archive of Literary Organizations of the 1920s-1930s. The essence of the project consisted in digitizing transcripts of meetings of proletarian writers' unions and placing them in a specially prepared digital database. Turning to these sources allows the literary critic to focus on the functions of literary institutions: production, communication, consumption and distribution of material and symbolic goods. The speakers noted the prospects of an extensive path - the expansion of the material involved in digitization, and the intensive development of the project. The discussion of the results ended with general support for the idea of publishing the next volume of the Literary Legacy, dedicated to the history of proletarian writers' unions, the output of which would crown the historical and literary research vector set by the project Transcript: Politics and Literature.

Статья посвящена анализу лингвистических особенностей дискурса электронных образовательных курсов на лексическом и грамматическом уровнях, созданных для международного адресата. Актуальность данной тематики обусловлена ростом популярности электронных образовательных курсов и возникающей в связи с этим потребностью в создании качественных онлайн-курсов, что приводит к переосмыслению коммуникации в образовательном дискурсе. Материалом исследования выступает курс на английском языке, представленный русскоязычным лектором на платформе Coursera. В ходе исследования был использован преимущественно метод дискурсивного анализа, а также методы классификации, интерпретации, обобщения и систематизации. В результате исследования сделан вывод о том, что на лексическом уровне дискурс массовых открытых онлайн-курсов (МООК) характеризуется использованием эмоционально окрашенной и оценочной, общенаучной и дисциплинарной лексики, позволяющей представить курс в доступной и увлекательной форме. На грамматическом уровне употребляются вводные, сравнительные и уточняющие конструкции, которые делают лекцию более структурированной и упрощают понимание материала, так как помогают выстраивать необходимые логические связи в информационном потоке. Использование инклюзивных местоимений, местоимений-обращений, директивных и вводных конструкций позволяет лектору разместить себя в единую коммуникативную плоскость с обучающимися, установить с ними диалог. Выявленные дискурсивные средства позволяют не только ясно и увлекательно передавать информацию обучающимся, но и конструировать доброжелательную среду, мотивирующую обучающихся изучить представленный курс.
The article is devoted to the analysis of linguistic means of the discourse of electronic educational courses at the lexical and grammatical levels created for an international addressee. The relevance of this topic is due to the growing popularity of electronic educational courses, and the resulting need to create high-quality online courses, which leads to a rethinking of communication in educational discourse. The research corpus comprises an English-language course presented by a Russian-speaking lecturer on the Coursera platform. During the research the method of discursive analysis, as well as methods of classification, interpretation, generalization, and systematization were used. As a result of the research, the authors conclude that at the lexical level the discourse of mass open online courses (MOOC) is characterized by the use of emotionally charged and evaluative, general scientific and disciplinary vocabulary, which allows to present the course in a clear and engaging manner. At the grammatical level, introductory, comparative and clarifying constructions make the lecture more structured and simplify the understanding of the information. These means help to create necessary logical connections in the information flow. The use of inclusive and addressing pronouns, directive and introductory constructions unites the lecturer with his students, allows to establish a dialogue with them. Thus, the identified discursive means not only convey the information to students in a clear and engaging manner, but also construct a friendly environment that motivates students to finish the course.

The problem of the application of punishment to realization political goals in international relations is considered. The author characterizes the social institution of punishment, indicates its place and role in the structure of social relations. The political and legal component of punishment is analyzed in the context of unilateral sanctions of some sovereign states against others. The main forms and content of the influence of political goals on the institution of international legal sanctionspunishments are determined. The author's vision of such specific phenomena as "self-punishment" and "political engagement" is substantiated. An algorithm for identifying the political bias of decisions on the imposition of international legal penalties, as well as possible ways to develop an adequate response to them from the "punished" subjects (target states) is formulated. The empirical base of the study includes materials on the application of punishments by individual and collective subjects of international relations against the Russian Federation, including the geopolitical consequences of the relevant sanctions decisions.

In the article the authors analyze the change of French principles of participation in international conflicts after the new edition of White Book in 2013. Each White Book presents the aims and perspectives of the French defense policy development. The first one was published in 1972 during the Cold War and the next one in 1994 after the collapse of the Soviet Union when the major role in conflicts resolution was taken by UNO. The 21st century brings new challenges and threats as well as new methods of conflicts resolution taking into account their new nature and development. In the article we analyze new principles of conflicts resolution elaborated by Francois Holland, the book was published in 2013. The core principles of the previous Book (elaborated by N. Sarkozy) included the activation of the French role on the world arena and reduction of the military forces. But now taking into account that the majority of crises are international and involve different parties and countries, France focuses on collaboration with the other countries especially with the members of NATO. As an example the authors investigate policy of the French government in the operations in Mali and Libya where France plays the leading role. Both conflicts are not resolved and are going to become permanent. So, as it takes more forces and expenses, the French government tries to bring in more countries-allies to settle the issue.

В статье рассматриваются основные подходы к осуществлению государственной политики в области регулирования социальных отношений в полиэтнических государствах. Отмечено, что в политической практике применяются две стратегии управления этническим многообразием: «растворение» этнических меньшинств среди доминирующего этнического большинства и создание «этнических» регионов со специальным правовым статусом.
Проведен анализ структуры административно-территориального устройства Китайской Народной Республики, рассмотрена сущность, структура и особенность института региональной автономии, а также его роль в качестве инструмента реализации национальной этнической политики страны.
На основе методов контент-анализа, синтеза, сравнения и структурно-функционального анализа сделаны выводы об уникальности модели административно-территориального устройства КНР, выявлена взаимосвязь между этническим джерримандерингом и социально-политическим курсом центрального правительства.

The paper considers one of the measures proposed by the Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS) to deregulate domestic gas market: abolition of lower boundary of gas prices for wholesale buyers, where two conditions inherent in gas market still remain: vertical structure of monopolist and the one export channel for pipeline gas. The author analyses the impact of proposed reforms on independent Russian gas companies competitiveness. The purpose is to provide domestic gas market reformation qualitative analysis and quantitative assessment of independent gas producers impact. As a result, the most likely implications of reforms are theoretically determined and quantitative assessment of their impact on the independent producer is provided.

Along with traditional methods of providing information through mass media (periodicals, television and radio), digital sources are also widely used in the modern world, which, although not officially registered mass media, play no less a role in shaping public opinion. The emergence of personal blogs, «live magazines», Internet sites and social networks opened a new platform and provided new opportunities. There are actors of various sizes, from presidents of major States to Housewives, from businessmen to human rights activists. Foreign policy is one of the most popular topics.

The article looks into the reasons underlying the outspread of the full-scale mechanism of banking regulation over U. S. investment banks. We analyze the effect of the Basel III standards on stress-resilience of investment banks and examine the role of U. S. investment banks in ensuring financial stability. Based on regression analysis we found that minimum capital adequacy standards of Basel III do not have negative effect on ROE of the U. S. investment banks that are G-SIB category-designate; however, additional capital requirements (Higher Loss Absorbency (HLA) surcharge) that depend on G-SIB's systemic significance according to their bucket as per Financial Stability Board classification do have significant and negative effect on ROE in the post crisis period. Besides, leverage requirements that also depend on G-SIB's systemic significance have a statistically significant effect on ROE.

The IV Russian International Conference on Cryo-Electron Microscopy (RICCEM-2023) was held at the Faculty of Biology of Lomonosov Moscow State University in a hybrid (offline and online) format and brought together more than 250 researchers from 10 countries. Following the conference, a special issue of the journal "Lomonosov Biology Journal" ("Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seria 16. Biologia") was published. This article briefly summarizes the main results of the conference and the content of the works published in the special issue.

The paper addresses the results of the First International Conference "The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) Financial Regulation: Challenges and Perspectives", which was organised jointly by Moscow State University Faculty of Economics and the Eurasian Economic Commission (October 13-14, 2016). The conference was designed as a discussion platform for experts from EAEU states, for representatives of academic and business communities, and for national and supernational regulatory authorities. Participants discussed the future of harmonised financial legislation and regulation, of perspectives for supernational regulation of financial markets within EAEU; of basic financial market segments and their regulation, and of key infrastructural and institutional issues of EAEU financial integration.