В статье рассматриваются перспективы и последствия интеграции Украины в ВТО и ЕС для транспортной отрасли. Проведён SWOT-анализ экономических последствий для транспорта после присоединения Украины к ВТО и ЕС. ; В статті розглянуто перспективи та наслідки інтеграції України до СОТ та ЄС для транспортної галузі. Проведено SWOT-аналіз економічних наслідків для транспорту після вступу України до СОТ та ЄС. ; The prospects and consequences of integration ofUkraineto the WTO and the EU for transport complex have been considered. The SWOT-analysis of economic after-effects after such an integration has been performed.
Розглянуто актуальність дослідження міжнародних відносин і транскордонного співробітництва. Акцентовано увагу на специфіці співробітництва України з ЄС. Проаналізовано наслідки розширення ЄС для України. ; The actuality of international relations and trans-boarden cooperation has been considered in the paper. The attention is given to peculiarities of EU cooperation with Ukraine. The EU enlargement consequences for Ukraine analyzed. ; The actuality of international relations and trans-boarden cooperation has been considered in the paper. The attention is given to peculiarities of EU cooperation with Ukraine. The EU enlargement consequences for Ukraine analyzed.
Розглянуто сутність, функції, завдання і принципи екологічного менеджменту промислових підприємств, а також основні етапи становлення і розвитку екологічного менеджменту, уточнено термінологічний апарат з питань екологічного менеджменту, з'ясованої відмінності між екологічним управлінням і екологічним менеджментом, проаналізовано нормативно-правове забезпечення екологічного менеджменту. ; The essence, functions, tasks, and principles of the environmental management for industrial enterprises have been presented in the paper. The main stages of environmental management establishment and development at the international level are described. The terminology used in the field of environmental management discussed. In particular the difference between the "environmental governance" and "environmental management" clarified. The legal system to support the practical implementation of environmental management analyzed in the paper also. ; The essence, functions, tasks, and principles of the environmental management for industrial enterprises have been presented in the paper. The main stages of environmental management establishment and development at the international level are described. The terminology used in the field of environmental management discussed. In particular the difference between the "environmental governance" and "environmental management" clarified. The legal system to support the practical implementation of environmental management analyzed in the paper also.
Розглянуто питання вдосконалення законодавчого забезпечення інноваційної діяльності в Україні. Розглянуто загальні, спеціальні, міжнародні та інші закони в цій галузі. Особлива увага приділена питанням охорони об'єктів інтелектуальної власності. ; The question of perfection of the legislative providing of innovative activity is considered in Ukraine. General, special, international et al acts are considered in this industry. The special attention is spared to the questions of guard of objects of intellectual property.
The first satellite navigation system called the Navy Navigation Satellite System (NNSS) or TRANSIT was planned in the USA in 1958. It consisted of 5-6 artificial Earth satellites, was set in motion for the USA military in 1964, and in 1967 for civilian purposes. The frequency shift of received radio waves emitted from the satellite and caused by the Doppler effect was measured. The TRANSIT satellite speed of approaching or moving away was derived from that; the TRANSIT satellites emmited also their own coordinates. Then the ship's position was determined by an intersection of three hyperboloids, which were determined from differences of distances in three time intervals. Maintenance of this navigation system was stopped in 1996, but it is still being used in the USA Navy for exploring the ionosphere. Furthermore, results of Doppler measurements in international projects at the Hvar Observatory from 1982 and 1983. This was the first time in Croatia and the former country that the coordinates of the Hvar Observatory were determined in the unique world coordinate system WGS'72. The paper ends with a brief representation of the Tsiklon Doppler navigation system produced in the former Soviet Union, and there is a list of some of numerous produced and designed satellite navigation systems.Ključne riječi ; Prvi satelitski navigacijski sustav nazvan Navy Navigation Satellite System (NNSS), koji je još nazivan i TRANSIT, planiran je u SAD-u 1958. godine. Sastojao se od 5 do 6 umjetnih Zemljinih satelita, a pušten je u rad za vojsku u SAD-u 1964. godine, dok je za civilnu uporabu dopušteno njegovo korištenje 1967. godine. Mjerio se pomak frekvencije primanih radiovalova odaslanih sa satelita, koji je izazvan Dopplerovim efektom. Iz toga je određena brzina približavanja ili udaljavanja satelita TRANSIT, koji su odašiljali i svoje koordinate položaja. Zatim se položaj broda određivao presjekom triju hiperboloida, koji su određeni iz razlika udaljenosti u tri vremenska intervala. Održavanje toga navigacijskog sustava prekinuto je 31. prosinca 1996., ali se još danas koristi u američkoj mornarici za istraživanje ionosfere. Potom su prikazani rezultati doplerovskih mjerenja u međunarodnim projektima na Opservatoriju Hvar iz 1982. i 1983. godine. Tada su prvi put u Hrvatskoj i bivšoj državi odreðene koordinate položaja Opservatorija Hvar u jedinstvenom svjetskom koordinatnom sustavu WGS'72. Na kraju je vrlo kratko prikazan doplerovski navigacijski sustav Ciklon, izrađen u bivšem SSSR-u, a i pobrojani su neki od mnogobrojnih izvedenih i projektiranih satelitskih navigacijskih sustava.