Foreign policy stated by Indonesia related to the Republic ofVanuatu support for the Indenpendence of West Papua does not happennaturally. It is influenced by the facts and values that are had by theIndonesia that led to the perception and influences the decision ofmaking process. Indonesia stated that West Papua is a part of therepublic of Indonesia. Therefore, Indonesia states a foreign policy ofRepublic of Vanuatu regarding the support for the independence ofWest Papua. The result of this research indicates that there are someforeign policies of Indonesia against the Republic Vanuatu support forthe Independence of West Papua based on set of orientation, set ofcommitments and a group of behavior action. This research usesrealism approach, the concept of international politics, the concept offoreign policy, the concept of power, the concept of national interest, andthe concept of sovereignty that can explain the foreign policy ofIndonesia against the Republic Vanuatu support for the independenceof West Papua 2015-2016
Using the accounting ecology framework developed by Gernon and Wallace (1995), this study aims to examine the reasons Indonesia adopted the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Data were extracted from the accounting policy makers' offices based in Indonesia including the DSAK, DPN IAI, and Bapepam-LK. In-depth interviews were conducted and data were then processed via thematic analysis, a method used for identifying, analyzing, and reporting themes/patterns noted in the data (Gray, 1988). Results noted from this study revealed four themes which served as reasons behind Indonesia's adoption of the IFRS. The first reason is that Indonesia was dominated by the desire to serve the interests of global business. The second reason is that Indonesia wanted to act as a social accounting actor as it was now in the position to act as a standard buyer. The third reason is that Indonesia is in the position of swift current globalization. Finally, Indonesia is under the political pressures exerted by foreign parties.
Using the accounting ecology framework developed by Gernon and Wallace (1995), this study aims to examine the reasons Indonesia adopted the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Data were extracted from the accounting policy makers' offices based in Indonesia including the DSAK, DPN IAI, and Bapepam-LK. In-depth interviews were conducted and data were then processed via thematic analysis, a method used for identifying, analyzing, and reporting themes/patterns noted in the data (Gray, 1988). Results noted from this study revealed four themes which served as reasons behind Indonesia's adoption of the IFRS. The first reason is that Indonesia was dominated by the desire to serve the interests of global business. The second reason is that Indonesia wanted to act as a social accounting actor as it was now in the position to act as a standard buyer. The third reason is that Indonesia is in the position of swift current globalization. Finally, Indonesia is under the political pressures exerted by foreign parties.
There is a great resistance from several Asian country leaders towards democracy. Basically, they view that the US has "forced" some Asian countries to implement its model of government which is thought to be a good form of government for all countries, particularly in terms of placing democracy as a "yardstick" when some of the countries need International Aids. While actually, they argue that what works for one country does not necessarily appropriate for others. Lee Kuan Yew argue that what people's real need is a "good government", whase its implementation might differ for each country and might also differ from "Western" values. Nevertheless, some observers have criticized the concept as well. They argue that it has been implemented on the expense of restricting political space available for he citizens. This essay will elaborate each of the claims and will try to provide a tentative alternative which might need further discussion. Keywords: Democracy; Good government; Western Values
Currently, ASEAN has come to the new phase of cooperation on political security, economic, and socio-cultural by the establishment of ASEAN Charter in 2008. The cooperation has been deepened, widened, and enlarged. Accordingly, the AEC is the most significant cooperations, namely the economic integration of ASEAN which not mere free trade area but to make the region as a production basefor all products of ASEAN as well as to accomplish the region as a single market by applying scorecard system of AEC's blueprint that should be preserved by all ASEAN state members. Theformation of AEC in 2015 totally depends to the commitments of the member states of ASEAN to apply those agreed trade agreements, roadmaps, and plan of actions including AEC's blueprint.
The issues of Papua (Both Papua and West Papua Provinces) have been reached by international communities even though the government regulation; Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21, Year 2001, concerning Special Autonomy for Papua Province becoming a central issue as a problem solving to make a special treat for people in Papua internally. Whereas, the regulation is expected to make people in Papua develop political, economic, and cultural also resolving the insurgency problems among them. The arrangements of social and political, economy and budget are as a special treatment, only develop economy and infrastructure but it does not solve the conflicts until today. In this case, the Counterinsurgency (COIN) strategic model needs to be implemented following the appropriateness of national policy and the condition in Papua. This research used a content analysis method to reveal the causes of an un-optimal policy in solving the insurgency. Based on the four elements of COIN, only two elements exist; community and state elements. While the international community element and private sectors do not appear on the special autonomy legislation for Papua. As a reason, the COIN model appropriates with the condition of the people that include some elements; government, local community, the non-state, international community, and private sectors. Comparing to the United States of America (USA) model where the community is not included in the COIN element since the community as an object. On the other hand, it is different from China where military and political parties as important elements since the government decisions are supported by military force to solve the insurgency problem. This research found that civil and military cooperation in the model of COIN Papua after special autonomy is reflected by the existence of Local Government Leaders Communication Forum of Papua to face all situations that happened in Papua, both in security and emergency. Active coordination among governors, local legislators, Adat communities (customary), police, and army for COIN strategy needs special coordination to global communities openly that affect opinions on the people and private sector interests in Papua. ; Persoalan Papua (Provinsi Papua dan Papua Barat) telah mengundang komunitas internasional, namun kebijakan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2001 Tentang Otonomi Khusus Bagi Provinsi Papua menjadi isu sentral dalam penyelesaian Papua hanya memberi perlakuan khusus terhadap internal masyarakat Papua. Padahal, melalui Undang-undang ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kesempatan kepada masyarakat Papua agar lebih cepat berkembang, baik politik, ekonomi, maupun budaya, disamping itu masalah gerakan insurgency (pemberontakan) juga dapat dituntaskan. Kenyataannya, penataan sosial politik, ekonomi dan anggaran yang bersifat khusus telah diberikan namun hanya mengembangkan perekonomian dan infrastruktur tetapi gerakan untuk memisahkan diri belum berakhir sampai saat ini. Untuk itu perlu suatu model strategi counterinsurgency (COIN) yang tetap sesuai dengan kebijakan nasional dan kondisi masyarakar Papua. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode content analysis untuk mengungkap penyebab kebijakan yang tidak optimal dalam menyelesaikan counterinsurgency. Berdasarkan empat elemen dasar dalam COIN hanya ada dua elemen yang ada, yaitu elemen masyarakat dan negara, sementara elemen komunitas internasional dan sektor privat tidak ditemukan dalam Undang-Undang Otonomi Khusus Papua. Sehingga, model COIN yang sesuai dengan kondisi masyarakat Papua harus memiliki unsur pemerintah, masyarakat lokal, non-state, komunitas internasional, dan sektor privat. Kalau dibandingkan dengan model United States of America (USA) yang memposisikan masyarakat tidak masuk dalam unsur COIN karena masyarakat diletakkan sebagai objek yang menentukan. Beda lagi kalau dibandingkan dengan strategi Cina yang menempatakan militer dan partai politik sebagai elemen penting karena keputusan pemerintah didukung oleh kekuatan militer untuk mengatasi masalah insurgency. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kombinasi sipil dan militer dalam model kebijakan COIN Papua Pasca-Otonomi Daerah tercermin dengan adanya Forum Komunikasi Pemimpin Daerah (Forkompimda) Papua dalam menghadapi situasi, baik kondisi aman maupun kondisi darurat. Koordinasikan aktif antara gubernur, legislatif daerah, masyarakat adat, kepolisian, dan militer. Strategi COIN di masa mendatang perlu jalur koordinasi khusus dengan komunitas global secara terbuka yang mempengaruhi opini tentang masyarakat Papua dan kepentingan sektor privat yang cukup kuat di Papua.
Protecting plant genetic resources is crucial because they are a key element in supporting food security for Indonesia's growing population. An important element in the protection of plant genetic resources is the disclosure of origin of genetic resources. In line with international standards and commitments, Indonesia has enacted a Patents Act that seeks to protect its plant genetic resources by requiring disclosure of origin. However it is one thing to enact legislation and quite a different thing to effectively implement the legislation to achieve its aims. This paper critically analyses the Indonesian Patent Act and highlights some key issues that undermine the effectiveness of the Act. The paper identifies the problems of implementing provisions of the Act at the normative and practical levels. At the normative, the Act lacks clarity with concepts undefined. This is compounded at the practical level by a lack of a regulatory framework and inadequate human resources. The paper suggests that given the importance of disclosure of origin in protecting plant genetic resources for Indonesia's food security, developing further legislative and institutional framework on disclosure of origin is an essential strategic solution for the country.
Indonesia's geographical conditions that sourrounded by ocean should be considered as an added value for maritime diplomacy for the sake of the development of Indonesia. Therefore, in terms of geoculture, Maritime Diplomacy should be taken into account as one of the main pillars to build maritime security in Indonesia including the use of maritime diplomacy in response to security threats, so that the defense capabilities will be gradually improved. This article will examine the importance of organizing Indonesia's maritime sector regarding the vision of the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) in order to see the strengths and weaknesses of Indonesian Navy's capabilities as an instrument of Indonesia's Maritime diplomacy to support the development of maritime security. This article also argued that the most important in Indonesia's Maritime Diplomacy is that Indonesia is capable to guarantee maritime security for all stakeholders regionally and globally. Indonesia needs to improve management and expand promotion for all trading ports available, namely Jakarta and Surabaya as well as other ports as a hub of global maritime prospects. By enhancing maritime safety and security, various international cooperation will be maintained and pro table for Indonesia.
Global climate change and its associated risks are serious issues for almost all countries in the world. There are many growing evidences of a shift in climate patterns with flow on effects for established environmental, economic and social structures and systems. Governments around the world have embarked on programs designed to cut greenhouse gas emissions that Juel climate change, but momentum for shifts in climate patterns is already established. Therefore, it is important for governments and private decision makers to begin planning for its potential consequences, as a complement to current mitigation action aimed at slowing its progress. Indonesia is the 4th largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter globally, and is now leading the way as one of the first non-Annex I countries to make a significant voluntary commitment to cut its national greenhouse gas emissions by 26% (unilaterally) and 41% (with support.from the international community) by 2020. Indonesia's commitment to climate change action has been increasingly evident since 2007, when the country hosted the UNFCCC 13th Conference of the Parties in Bali and a high level meeting of Finance Ministers.
By 2014 Indonesia registered 11.6 million inbound foreign tourists, 135% higher than the year 2000. Since then, government policies to promote tourism flourished. This article investigates the determinants of inbound tourism from the top nine mayor tourist origin countries into Indonesia covering the period of 2000 to 2014. This research employs a dynamic panel dataset to estimate the impact of per capita real income, relative prices, accommodation capacity, distance, and public infrastructure investment on international tourism demand in Indonesia, capturing demand- and supply-side effects. The results show that per capita income of tourists, relative price, and available rooms have a positive effect on tourism expenditure in Indonesia, while distance has a negative effect. Dummy variables capture large negative shocks in tourism arising from two terrorist attacks in 2002 and 2005, as well as from the global financial crisis in 2008. Income plays a positive but low impact on tourism demand compared to other nations. The positive effect of prices suggests an advantage of Indonesia in competitive tourism prices. Nevertheless, low prices also denote low value in tourism services. The substantial impact of accommodation may indicate that significant effects of tourism are allocated in lodging, minimizing the impact on other sectors.
ABSTRAKThe Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) is a form of regional cooperation of the coastal nations of the Indian Ocean that was established in 1997. Unlike other regional cooperation in the world that often emphasizes the political aspect. This association emphasizes the basis of economic and socio-cultural cooperation. For its member countries, the existence of IORA is very important in maximizing the economic, social and cultural benefits while keeping this area as a peaceful region. Given the importance of this regional cooperation, Indonesia as an IORA member country continues to play a significant role in strengthening the existence of this association and while continuing to develop bilateral forms of cooperation between the coastal nations of the Indian Ocean that can benefit Indonesia's national interests. In order to expand the forms of international cooperation within the IORA, the Indonesian government continues to maximize its efforts by engaging various stakeholders, including local governments. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of IORA for Indonesia, especially Aceh Province and how we can optimize the role of Aceh within the framework of IORA cooperation.Kata kunci: IORA, regional cooperation, Indonesia, Aceh Province
In accordance with Law no.37 of 1999 on foreign relations and law no.32 of 2004 on regional government further strengthen the position of local government to conduct an external relationship in an effort to build its own region. The purpose of this study is to describe more deeply about the cooperation of sister city Bandung city government in improving the creative economy industry in Bandung City and Petaling Jaya City, Malaysia with the program "Little Bandung" owned by the government of Bandung. In order to face the existence of ASEAN Economic Community (MEA). This study uses the approach of liberalism, the concept of creative economy, sister city, paradiplomasi and the theory of international cooperation. So as to illustrate the process of foreign cooperation implemented by the Government of Bandung. This research is descriptive and data collection technique through interview and literature study. In this study it can be concluded that with the existence of law no.37 of 1999 on foreign relations and law no.32 of 2004 on local government, a benchmark on each local government to build and develop its own region through an outside relationship Country in the form of cooperation among local governments apart from the central government.
The first batch of Tax Amnesty policy in Indonesia can affect the economy in other countries because of international cooperation, especially in ASEAN. This study tried to see the cointegration and the causality between stock market indices in the Big 5 ASEAN countries before the policy (October 5th 2015-July 01st 2016), during the policy (July 03rd 2016 - September 30th 2016), and after the policy (October 03rd 2016 - November 04th 2016). The data used is the closing value of daily stock market indices of the Big 5 countries in the ASEAN during those periods. The results showed that there is no cointegration relationship before and during the implementation of the first batch of Tax Amnesty policy. Otherwise, there is a cointegration relationship after the policy implemented. In addition, there is a causality relationship for the stock market index before the policy, such as Indonesia (JKSE) affects Singapore (STI) and Thailand (SET), while the Philippines (PSEi) affects Thailand (SET). During the policy, Thailand (SET) affects Indonesia (JKSE) and the Philippines (PSEi), while the Philippines (PSEi) affects Thailand (SET). After the policy, Thailand (SET) and Singapore (STI) affect each other, while Thailand (SET) affects Malaysia (KLCI).
In Indonesia, the level of compliance with mandatory disclosure in the State-Owned Enterprises still low. The low level of compliance of mandatory disclosure convergence of IFRS would indicate a lack of application of the principles of corporate governance in State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia. Thus this study aims to examine how the role of corporate governance on the level of compliance with mandatory disclosure convergence of IFRS on State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia. Measuring the level of convergence of IFRS mandatory disclosure compliance in this study using the Deloitte IFRS Presentation and Disclosure Checklist. By using purposive sampling technique, the sample used 6 that State-Owned Enterprises listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2008-2012. The average level of mandatory disclosure compliance at 70,6%. The results indicate that the number of commissioners and the number of audit committee members have effect on the level of compliance with mandatory disclosure of IFRS convergence, while the proportion of independent commissioner, education background of president commissioner and the proportion of women commissioners are not effect on the level of compliance with mandatory disclosure convergence of IFRS.Key words: Corporate Governance, the Level of Compliance, Mandatory Disclosure, Convergence of International Reporting Standards, Board Commissioner, Audit Committee
The power of movies are believed to be able to change the perception of international public towards particular country. Movies then became a popular thing as part of a country's cultural diplomacy because of its huge influence nowadays. A number of countries put movies as part of their cultural diplomacy. Likewise with Europe, which began to use Europe on Screen (EoS) as part of its cultural diplomacy. However, the debate about cultural diplomacy appears to be related to the objectives of cultural diplomacy itself. Some academicians believe that diplomacy is always related to the political goals of the state, while others believe that cultural diplomacy must be distinguished from other diplomatic activities because the aim is merely to foster mutual understanding and harmony through the introduction of culture. This article was written to understand the concept of cultural diplomacy and to know whether a movie can be part of cultural diplomacy, especially activities organized by Europe on Screen. This article will be presented by tracing back what is meant by cultural diplomacy and how the practice of cultural diplomacy through movies by a number of countries. By referring to the conception of cultural diplomacy and the practice of using movies by a number of countries, this article puts Europe on Screen as part of cultural diplomacy not because of the movies itself but from the overall project activities of the EoS. ; The power of movies are believed to be able to change the perception of international public towards particular country. Movies then became a popular thing as part of a country's cultural diplomacy because of its huge influence nowadays. A number of countries put movies as part of their cultural diplomacy. Likewise with Europe, which began to use Europe on Screen (EoS) as part of its cultural diplomacy. However, the debate about cultural diplomacy appears to be related to the objectives of cultural diplomacy itself. Some academicians believe that diplomacy is always related to the political goals of the state, while others believe that cultural diplomacy must be distinguished from other diplomatic activities because the aim is merely to foster mutual understanding and harmony through the introduction of culture. This article was written to understand the concept of cultural diplomacy and to know whether a movie can be part of cultural diplomacy, especially activities organized by Europe on Screen. This article will be presented by tracing back what is meant by cultural diplomacy and how the practice of cultural diplomacy through movies by a number of countries. By referring to the conception of cultural diplomacy and the practice of using movies by a number of countries, this article puts Europe on Screen as part of cultural diplomacy not because of the movies itself but from the overall project activities of the EoS.
