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"This series started in 1981 with the Erice Seminars when the danger of a nuclear East-West confrontation was menacing the world. The volumes reproduce the crucial steps, from the Nuclear Winter to the Strategic Defense Initiative. After the collapse of the U.S.S.R., new emergencies are now to be faced such as the danger of proliferation of Weapons for Mass Destruction (WMD), the North-South confrontation on ecological problems and the new deal for Science and Technology to help developing countries in their struggle for a better standard of life. The Erice Seminars have attracted the attention of world leaders in Science, Technology and Culture."--Publisher's website

Preliminary Material -- PREFACE /M.C.W. Pinto and J.J.G. Syatauw -- INTRODUCTION /LUKAS DE BLOIS , HARRY W. PLEKET and JOHN RICH -- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS -- ROMANS AND MUGHALS ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN A TRIBUTARY EMPIRE /PETER FIBIGER BANG -- THE ROMAN ECONOMY: FROM CITIES TO EMPIRE /WILLEM M. JONGMAN -- TAX TRANSFERS IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE /LUUK DE LIGT -- THE IMPACT AND INTERACTION OF STATE TRANSPORT IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE /ANNE KOLB -- MILITARY SUPPLY DURING WARTIME /JOSÉ REMESAL RODRÍGUEZ -- 'A STARVING MOB HAS NO RESPECt' URBAN MARKETS AND FOOD RIOTS IN THE ROMAN WORLD, 100 B.C. – 400 A.D. /PAUL P.M. ERDKAMP -- CALLISTUS'S CASE SOME LEGAL ASPECTS OF ROMAN BUSINESS ACTIVITIES /WILLEM J. ZWALVE -- PROLOGUE AND EPILOGUE. THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECT OF ROME'S ARRIVAL IN AND DEPARTURE FROM GAUL /JOHN F. DRINKWATER -- INDICATEURS PALEOENVIRONNEMENTAUX ET ECONOMIE RURALE LE CAS DE LA GAULE NARBONNAISE /PHILIPPE LEVEAU -- COIN USE IN AND AROUND MILITARY CAMPS ON THE LOWER-RHINE: NIJMEGEN - KOPS PLATEAU /JOS P.A. VAN DER VIN -- THE ECONOMIC FRINGE: THE REACH OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE IN ROUGH CILICIA /HUGH W. ELTON -- IMPACTS BEYOND EMPIRE: ROME AND THE GARAMANTES OF THE SAHARA /DAVID J. MATTINGLY -- THE CRISIS OF THE THIRD CENTURY A.D. IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE: A MODERN MYTH? /LUKAS DE BLOIS -- COSTO DEL LAVORO E POTERE D'ACQUISTO NELL'EDITTO DEI PREZZI /ANTONIO POLICHETTI -- UNSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; THE ORIGIN OF RUINED LANDSCAPES IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE /WOLFGANG LIEBESCHUETZ -- ECONOMIC COLLAPSE IN THE COUNTRYSIDE AND THE CONSEQUENT TRANSFORMATION OF CITY INTO FORTRESS IN LATE ANTIQUITY /ANDREW G. POULTER.

Dal XII al XIII secolo nel Sud della Francia le città si diedero un'organizzazione comunale quasi del tutto autonoma ed espressero magistrature urbane in buona misura comparabili con quelle che nate in Italia alla fine dell'XI secolo. Contemporaneamente gli elementi economicamente più attivi delle loro società cittadine (diverse ma al medesimo tempo simile a quelle dell'Italia centro settentrionale), allacciarono legami stretti e frequenti con i mercanti e gli uomini d'affari della penisola. Fu attraverso le relazioni commerciali che si determinò nel Midi lo sviluppo di determinati organismi istituzionali e si ebbe la diffusione di modelli culturali e giuridici di provenienza italiana? Si possono valutare i modi e i tempi di questa influenza? In quale misura il Sud sviluppò e cambiò le esperienze politiche mutuate dall'esterno? Questo testo, lungi dal rispondere a queste domande assai complesse, vorrebbe cercare di definire i limiti della nostra conoscenza attuale sul tema in questione e presentare le prospettive degli studi, seguendo la traccia di lavori antichi e recenti.

Key witnesses shed light on an essential part of the history of music. "In the Soviet Union, from 1917 to 1990, in an extremely difficult context, one of terror even, there developed one of the most intense and richest musical environments of the 20th century ...," writes Bruno Monsaingeon. A fascinating mystery that Monsaingeon attempts to elucidate in his film. This essential period of music history is recounted through conductor Guennadi Rojdestvenski, the last remaining representative of these fabulous performers of the Soviet era (he was born in 1931). He is full of humour and it is a treat to watch him explain why there are two page-295's in the biography of Prokofiev published in 1957 and to hear him talk about Tikhon Khrenikov, the terrifying secretary general of the Union of Composers who was in office for forty years ... Other witnesses include the conductor Rudolf Barshai "One day, I said to myself, enough is enough, and I decided to leave", the pianist Viktoria Postnikova: "Even seated in the plane, they could come and fetch you and say, Out!" and the central figure of composer, Dimitri Shostakovich: "If I look back, I only see ashes and bodies."

Раздел - "Международное право" ; The present paper considers some issues of regulating of a quite complex legal institution, that of multiple nationality. Currently, European integration in general and the phenomenon of multiple nationality in particular are arousing a lot of interest. This is caused to a large extent b y both the relative stability of economic and political guarantees of rights and liberties of the citizens of Western Europe and by the search of Eastern European countries for their place and their road in the united Europe, b y the necessity to overcome cultural and economic disunity of European states and also b y the unabated interest in the structural elements of diverse and variously speeded integration in this region. In this regard the institution of multiple nationality stands out against the background of all-European integration. It has been in existence in this region for many millenia and embraces practically all states of the continent. Multiplenationality creates at the same time both real possibilities and prerequisites for integration and real problems, causing sometimes protracted conflicts between states and peoples and separating their political interests. The author sees multiple nationality to be a complex legal state expressed through a complicated legal relationship, which lends form to a multistructured social political, economic, cultural and moral relationship between states (representations of citizenship/nationality) and the person as regards responsible possession by a person of the complete or the basic set of rights and duties of nationality equal to the persons of his/her category of nationality in more than one state formation. With this assumption the paper shows in general terms the causes for the emergence of multiple nationality and the ways of settling its problems. The citizenship of the European Union, which the author refers to a kind of multiple nationality, is a particular legal institution which could serve as a source for forming all-European and global citizenship. Alongside with the study of the citizenship of the European Union the paper considers the institution of multiple nationality within the framework of the Council of Europe. The European region has accumulated abundant experience of regulating multiple nationality; part of which experience was embodied in the provisions of various international treaties concluded by the member-states of the Council of Europe. It would be effective to use in the countries of Eastern Europe and Asia. The European Convention on Nationality from November 6, 1997 was a progressive step in the realm of developing nationality and multiple nationality, though it has a number of drawbacks and as a whole does not adequately take into consideration the existing needs in this sphere. A number of norms, for instance, the right of the state to terminate citizenship, declared in article 7 and other provisions of the Convention have not been specified. The drawbacks of legal regulation of these issues and the issues of state succession and nationality (article 16) arouse doubts in the compliance of provisions of the abovementioned convention with the requirements of articles 15 and 29 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights. Unfortunately, the European Convention on Nationality is trying to unite disparate points of v i ew into one, there arising as a result some apprehension as to the possibility of its arbitrary application. The citizenship, being established within the framework of integration of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation, is also a peculiar institution which could be transformed into a different type of citizenship. The author considers that reasonable application of the institution of multiple nationality could facilitate the solution of a number of problems of contemporary international law, including the problems of international cooperation, human rights protection and development of integrational process. This experience could be promoted b y all states and especially the former USSR countries who have various directions of solving the issues of multiple nationality.

Defence date: 5 September 1997 ; Supervisor: Francis Snyder ; First made available online 06 July 2017 ; Obiettivo della tesi è analizzare il significato e l'evoluzione della Politica Comunitaria Preferenziale di Cooperazione allo Sviluppo. Tale lavoro di ricerca non intende essere un 'percorso storico', uno studio cronologico dell'evoluzione delle relazioni preferenziali con gli ACP, dal Trattato di Roma al Trattato di Maastricht. Piuttosto esso si prefigge di analizzare la Politica di Cooperazione allo Sviluppo preferenziale attraverso la sua trasformazione, avvenuta nella pratica comunitaria, da una situazione 'de facto', a una situazione 'de jure'. Ovvero il passaggio da 'relazioni di cooperazione', avviate fin dalle origini del sistema comunitario (Trattato di Roma), ad una reale Politica Comunitaria di Cooperazione con il riconoscimento specifico di una competenza in tale settore in capo alla Comunità (Trattato di Maastricht).

Individual right to information widens out in International and European Law since the Nineties of the XX century as a principle of democracy in the Global Information Society. Individual right to privacy must be effectively protected at international, European and domestic level by assuring a jurisdictional control which is often inadequate. The European Union juridical system offers an example of guarantee still in progress which is able to assure both information and privacy rights.

The essay sketches a comparison between Italian anti-fascism and international anti-fascism as political categories

Mercosur ha trabajado un acuerdo sobre el arbitraje en el comercio internacional con las repúblicas de Chile y Bolivia. El objetivo de ambos acuerdos es el uso de instrumentos de arbitraje como un medio alternativo privado de resolución de las controversias derivadas de los contratos comerciales internacionales entre personas físicas o jurídicas de derecho privado. Tratándose de convenciones internacionales, la entrada en vigor de ambos instrumentos requiere aprobación legislativa y la ratificación de un número mínimo de Estados miembros. Insistiendo en el contenido de los acuerdos, cabe señalar que en ambas convenciones un papel importante se atribuye a la autonomía de la voluntad de las partes contratantes para la solución de controversias, de hecho, abriéndose de hecho la posibilidad de acordarlo libremente tomando como base el derecho Internacional Privado. ; Mercosur has worked an agreement on arbitration in International Trade with the republics of Chile and Bolivia. The objective of both agreements is the use of instruments of arbitration as an alternative means of private resolution of disputes arising out of international commercial contracts between natural or legal persons in private law. Insisting on the contents of the agreements, it should be noted that in both conventions an important role is attributed to the autonomy of the will of the contracting parties to the settlement of disputes, in fact, opening up the possibility of freely agree on the basis of the private international law.

Der Autor stellt in seinem Beitrag zum Direktorentreffen in Sofia im Jahre 1987 seine Grundpositionen zu vier Grundproblemen der Arbeit in der Jugendforschung vor. Zunächst trifft er Aussagen zur Verantwortung des Jugendforschers. Er fordert "neue Formen der Kommunikation, Erziehung, der Förderung der Jugend, vor allem ihrer Selbstgestaltung und Selbstverwirklichung". Anschließend beschreibt er den intensiven Wandlungsprozeß, indem sich die Jugend befände. Weiterhin sei es erforderlich, das wissenschaftliche Niveau der Jugendforschung zu erhöhen. Die internationale Zusammenarbeit der Jugendforschung solle fruchtbarer gestaltet werden. Abschließend spricht sich der Autor für gemeinsame Forschungsprojekte auf bilateraler und multilateraler Ebene aus. (psz)