Reaffirming the importance of the U.S.-Japan relationship -- Contributing to world peace and global prosperity -- Definitive implementation of the U.S.-Japan security treaty -- Integrating hard power and soft power -- The political necessity for cooperation -- Review of bilateral cooperation on global issues -- The global partnership under the George H.W. Bush administration (1989-1993) -- The common agenda under the Clinton administration (1993-2001) -- Alliance cooperation under the George W. Bush administration (2001 -- present) -- A new framework for enhanced global security -- Promoting regional economic integration: an Asia-Pacific union -- U.S.-Japan free trade agreement -- Main areas for cooperation -- Environment and energy -- Climate change -- Energy-saving societies -- Development and Africa -- Nuclear nonproliferation -- Other possible areas for cooperation.
The first satellite navigation system called the Navy Navigation Satellite System (NNSS) or TRANSIT was planned in the USA in 1958. It consisted of 5-6 artificial Earth satellites, was set in motion for the USA military in 1964, and in 1967 for civilian purposes. The frequency shift of received radio waves emitted from the satellite and caused by the Doppler effect was measured. The TRANSIT satellite speed of approaching or moving away was derived from that; the TRANSIT satellites emmited also their own coordinates. Then the ship's position was determined by an intersection of three hyperboloids, which were determined from differences of distances in three time intervals. Maintenance of this navigation system was stopped in 1996, but it is still being used in the USA Navy for exploring the ionosphere. Furthermore, results of Doppler measurements in international projects at the Hvar Observatory from 1982 and 1983. This was the first time in Croatia and the former country that the coordinates of the Hvar Observatory were determined in the unique world coordinate system WGS'72. The paper ends with a brief representation of the Tsiklon Doppler navigation system produced in the former Soviet Union, and there is a list of some of numerous produced and designed satellite navigation systems.Ključne riječi ; Prvi satelitski navigacijski sustav nazvan Navy Navigation Satellite System (NNSS), koji je još nazivan i TRANSIT, planiran je u SAD-u 1958. godine. Sastojao se od 5 do 6 umjetnih Zemljinih satelita, a pušten je u rad za vojsku u SAD-u 1964. godine, dok je za civilnu uporabu dopušteno njegovo korištenje 1967. godine. Mjerio se pomak frekvencije primanih radiovalova odaslanih sa satelita, koji je izazvan Dopplerovim efektom. Iz toga je određena brzina približavanja ili udaljavanja satelita TRANSIT, koji su odašiljali i svoje koordinate položaja. Zatim se položaj broda određivao presjekom triju hiperboloida, koji su određeni iz razlika udaljenosti u tri vremenska intervala. Održavanje toga navigacijskog sustava prekinuto je 31. prosinca 1996., ali se još danas koristi u američkoj mornarici za istraživanje ionosfere. Potom su prikazani rezultati doplerovskih mjerenja u međunarodnim projektima na Opservatoriju Hvar iz 1982. i 1983. godine. Tada su prvi put u Hrvatskoj i bivšoj državi odreðene koordinate položaja Opservatorija Hvar u jedinstvenom svjetskom koordinatnom sustavu WGS'72. Na kraju je vrlo kratko prikazan doplerovski navigacijski sustav Ciklon, izrađen u bivšem SSSR-u, a i pobrojani su neki od mnogobrojnih izvedenih i projektiranih satelitskih navigacijskih sustava.
