Education is a powerful soft power instrument. By studying the educational programmes Erasmus, CIS Network University and SCO University, International educational programs in the EU and post-Soviet space: present and future enables a better understanding of the role of academic mobility in supporting political cooperation in the European and Eurasian region. Furthermore, this book is the first comparative study of the Erasmus programme with CIS Network University and SCO University, two educational programmes inspired to Erasmus Mundus, aimed at strengthening the academic mobility of Russia with former Soviet countries and China.r
The review is dedicated to the results of the international conference on the theme "Uzbekistan in the context of regional security and global changes", which was held on November 7-8, 2019 in Tashkent. The organizers were the University of World Economy and Diplomacy under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan together with the international scientific project COMPASS (Great Britain). During the two-day discussions, international experts discussed a wide range of issues, including large-scale reforms in Uzbekistan, integration processes in Central Asia, issues of security and sustainable development. They noted that today A new political atmosphere is being formed in Central Asia, contributing to the solution of acute regional problems and the further rapprochement of states. The catalyst for these processes is the dynamic and open regional policy of Uzbekistan. During the conference, much attention was paid to security in the region and a peaceful settlement in Afghanistan. In particular, experts emphasized significant changes in the approach of Uzbekistan to Afghanistan, which is expressed in the intensification of bilateral relations, as well as the active assistance of the Uzbek side in achieving peace and stability in Afghanistan.
During the Bulgarian Revival Period, in a time of increasing national awareness and struggles for political and spiritual liberation, the number of scientific articles is on the increase. Some favourable conditions for language interaction are established, conditions to form a pool of words that can be used internationally. Internationalisms enrich the general vocabulary of European languages and are the primary core, a possible future lexical unification of languages. Marin Drinov was one of the first Bulgarian scholars to continue and enrich the Revival tradition by developing the problems of the literary language on a scientific basis. In the article analyses the international vocabulary in Marin Drinov's works.Once a reference to the archive from the Revival Period is made, it can be ascertained that Marin Drinov was the first among his contemporaries to use a number of words that belong to the international vocabulary like genesis, graphics, interpunction, restoration, strategy, etc. He is credited with the creative enrichment of the socio-political vocabulary, as many words from the lexical system of language acquire new shades of meaning, includingnew political meaning and new functional importance. The vocabulary used in his scientific andliteraryworks is, to a great degree, part of the entire Bulgarian literary fund of that period, and it is an indicator of the dynamics and the development of the socio-political vocabulary that is its main constituent. The analysis of the internationalisms in Marin Drinov's works outlines his practical contribution to the generative processes in the vocabulary of the Bulgarian language, to its Europeanisation and modernization. ; През епохата на Възраждането с бързото развитие на националното самосъзнание и борбата за духовно и политическо освобождение се увеличава броят на научните публикации. Създават се благоприятни условия за езиково взаимодействие, за обособяване на един фонд от думи, които имат международна употреба. Интернационализмите обогатяват общия речников състав на европейските езици и се явяват първичното ядро за възможна бъдеща лексикална унификация на езиците. Марин Дринов е един от първите български учени, който продължава и обогатява възрожденската традиция, като разработва на научна основа проблемите на книжовния език. В доклада се анализира интернационалната лексика в произведенията на Марин Дринов. При справка с Възрожденския архив установяваме, че Марин Дринов пръв сред своите съвременници употребява редица думи от интернационалната лексика като генезис, графика, интерпункция, реставрация, стратегия и др. Той има заслуги за творческото обогатяване на интернационалната лексика, като много думи от лексикалната система на езика придобиват нова оценъчност, окраска, ново политическо съдържание, нова функционална значимост. Лексиката, използвана в научните и публицистичните му съчинения, в преобладаващата си част е от общонародния книжовен фонд на българския език от този период и е показател за динамиката и развитието на обществено-политическата лексика, която е съществена негова съставка. Изследването на интернационализмите в произведенията на Марин Дринов очертава неговата практична заслуга за градивните процеси в устройството на българската лексика, за нейната европеизация и осъвременяване.
The role of war in the evolution of human society, the change of its scale. It is shown that the decline in morals and the growth of cynicism in international political relations in comparison with the past, led to non-compliance with the rules of warfare developed by the international community. The dependence of small States on the military confrontation of the key players in international politics, which turned the world into a single geostrategic space, is substantiated. ; Рассмотрена роль войны в эволюции человеческого общества, изменение ее масштабов. Показано, что падение нравов и рост цинизма в международных политических отношениях в сравнении с прошлым привело к несоблюдению выработанных международным сообществом правил ведения войн. Обоснована зависимость малых государств от военной конфронтации ключевых игроков международной политики, превративших мир в единое геостратегическое пространство.
At present, the speed and scale of the dissemination of false health information has increased significantly, due to the Internet and social networks, which has become a serious problem and challenge for the worlds public health systems. The issue of spreading implausible news has become most acute against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since February 2020, the World Health Organization has introduced the term infodemiс, which characterizes the rapid growth of unreliable and false reports of a pandemic by analogy with the spread of the virus. The purpose of this article is to study the issues of the emergence and ways of spreading misinformation about health, to consider approaches for taking effective response measures in the conditions of infodemiс. The article was prepared using a systematic review of research publications based on strict selection criteria in the bibliographic databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, as well as online resources that addressed the issues of dissemination and countering false information in the field of healthcare. Countering disinformation needs to be done through correcting information, purposeful refutations based on evidence, implementing initiatives to improve the media literacy of the population, as well as by improving the supervision of social networks. Coordinated interaction between governmental and international organizations, the scientific community, the media, and global Internet social media platforms is crucial in this process. ; В настоящее время скорость и масштабы распространения недостоверной и ложной информации о здоровье существенно выросли благодаря Интернету и социальным сетям, что стало серьезной проблемой и вызовом для мировых систем общественного здравоохранения. Вопрос распространения неправдоподобных новостей встал наиболее остро на фоне пандемии COVID-19. Всемирная организация здравоохранения в феврале 2020 г. ввела термин инфодемия, характеризующий стремительный рост недостоверных и ложных сообщения о пандемии по аналогии с распространением вируса. Цель данной статьи изучить вопросы возникновения и пути распространения дезинформации о здоровье, рассмотреть подходы для принятия эффективных мер реагирования в условиях инфодемии. При подготовке статьи использовался систематический обзор публикаций исследований на основе строгих критериев отбора в библиографических базах данных PubMed, ScienceDirect, а также интернет-ресурсов, в которых рассматривались вопросы распространения и противодействия недостоверной информации в сфере здравоохранения. Противодействие дезинформации необходимо осуществлять с помощью коррекции информации, целенаправленных опровержений, основанных на фактических данных, реализации инициатив по повышению медиаграмотности населения, а также путем совершенствования надзора над социальными сетями. Важнейшая роль в этом процессе отводится скоординированному взаимодействию между правительственными и международными организациями, научным сообществом, средствами массовой информации и глобальными интернет-платформами социальных сетей.
This article deals with the concept of introducing international proverbs to the foreign language lesson. International proverbs can be a good way to improve language skills in at least two foreign languages with less effort by using the analogy between the languages. What is more the experience that the student gains by learning the first foreign language, can be used while learning the second and the next one. Moreover international proverbs, in regard of the European policy supporting multilingualism among the European citizens, help to achieve this goal. ; This article deals with the concept of introducing international proverbs to the foreign language lesson. International proverbs can be a good way to improve language skills in at least two foreign languages with less effort by using the analogy between the languages. What is more the experience that the student gains by learning the first foreign language, can be used while learning the second and the next one. Moreover international proverbs, in regard of the European policy supporting multilingualism among the European citizens, help to achieve this goal.
In article is considered integration of Donetsk People's Republic into the international political and economic system. Sabotaging Minsk agreements, the Kiev government creates favorable conditions for the international recognition of the Republic. Major social and economic confrontation between the Ukrainian power and the leaders of the unrecognized republic can't can break off systematic rounds of the Minsk Agreement with participation of foreign observers. In article the author reveals possible ways of recognition by the international community of Donetsk People's Republic. ; В статье рассматривается попытка интеграци Донецкой Народной Республики в международную политико-экономическую систему. Саботируя Минские соглашений, киевское правительство создаёт благоприятные условия для международного признания Республики. Острое социально-экономическое противостояние между украинской властью и руководством непризнанной республики не могут разорвать систематические раунды Минских соглашений с участием иностранных наблюдателей. В статье автор выявляет возможные пути признания международным сообществом Донецкой Народной Республики.
The presented article is aimed at reflecting usage of mediation as a form of international conflicts settlement and at revealing its factors, at the example of the case of conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia. The article is a hypothesis on to what extend international or regional organizations act as effective mediators during mediation process. Attempt of conflict regulation and work of the mediation platform created after Russian-Georgian war are discussed.The theory discussing main variables for evaluating international mediation represented in mediation literature have been used for evaluating mediation factors. The article shows the level of mediation effectiveness in international conflicts, when it is not clear which are the conflicting sides; it shows that when there is an influential country, considering its capabilities, it has enough power to act as effective mediator, only in case if it does not have direct interest in the conflict.We have concluded that mediation can be effective only when it is clear which the conflicting sides are. It is considered that international organizations cannot be effective in conflict resolution when a conflict is in cold phase. ; The presented article is aimed at reflecting usage of mediation as a form of international conflicts settlement and at revealing its factors, at the example of the case of conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia. The article is a hypothesis on to what extend international or regional organizations act as effective mediators during mediation process. Attempt of conflict regulation and work of the mediation platform created after Russian-Georgian war are discussed.The theory discussing main variables for evaluating international mediation represented in mediation literature have been used for evaluating mediation factors. The article shows the level of mediation effectiveness in international conflicts, when it is not clear which are the conflicting sides; it shows that when there is an influential country, considering its capabilities, it has enough power to act as effective mediator, only in case if it does not have direct interest in the conflict.We have concluded that mediation can be effective only when it is clear which the conflicting sides are. It is considered that international organizations cannot be effective in conflict resolution when a conflict is in cold phase.
The article is devoted to the changing role of culture in international relations, which is analysed through the concept of "soft power". The investigated transformations of the concept of culture were examined on the basis of an analysis of documents and activities of the European Union. The main priorities of the EU in the development of international cultural relations are highlighted. Further, proceeding from world political trends and the general geopolitical situation, the author analyzes the relatively new structural elements of the concept of culture, namely: cultural security, cultural conflict, cultural war. It is concluded that culture becomes a hybrid construct; and "soft power" becomes not only an instrument of external influence and "advancement" of the state in the international arena, but also acquires "defensive" functions.Key words: cultural security, cultural conflict, "soft power", public diplomacy, EU. ; Статья посвящена рассмотрению изменения роли культуры на современном этапе развития международных отношений сквозь призму понятия «мягкая сила». Исследуемые трансформации концепта культуры были рассмотрены на основе анализа документов и деятельности Европейского союза. Выделяются основные приоритеты ЕС в развитии международных культурных отношений. Далее, исходя из мировых политических тенденций и общей геополитической ситуации, автор анализирует относительно новые структурные элементы концепта культуры, а именно: культурная безопасность, культурный конфликт, культурная война. Делается вывод о том, что культура становится гибридным конструктом, а «мягкая сила» становится не только инструментом внешнего воздействия и «продвижения» государства на международной арене, но и приобретает «оборонительные» функции.Ключевые слова: культурная безопасность, культурный конфликт, «мягкая сила», публичная дипломатия, ЕС.
He necessity of language that would be spoken by all the people in the world, has existed in all times. As a common language that has developed naturally, does not exist, then the world developed the idea of creating an artificial international language, which, among other things, could perform a unifying function. The article discusses the concept of "language" and "artificial language", provides definitions of these concepts, also considers the causes of these concepts and provides an overview of the various artificial languages. The relevance of this work lies in the fact that at the moment of development of our society there is a need to create common language, the purpose of which would be international negotiations or settlement of international conflicts and other political, economic and cultural activities. It is also possible to increase interest in such science of language as interlinguistics, and as a result, further development of linguistics as a whole thing. At the moment there are about five hundred artificial languages, but only a few of them are more or less suitable for real communication. The aim of this work is to investigate the role of artificial international languages within the framework of modern culture and modern society. The objectives of this article: to reveal the very notion of language; to select the types of artificial languages; to give the description of each of the most well-known international artificial languages. In the article we have used the following research methods: analysis, synthesis, and abstracting. ; Потребность в языке, на котором бы говорили все люди в мире, существовала во все времена. Так как единого языка, который развился бы естественным образом, не существует, то в мире возникла идея создания искусственного международного универсального языка, который, помимо всего прочего, выполнял бы объединяющую функцию. В статье рассматриваются понятия «язык» и «искусственный язык», даются определения этих понятий, также рассматриваются причины возникновения данных понятий и дается обзор различных искусственных языков. Актуальность данной работы заключается в том, что на данный момент развития нашего общества существует потребность в создании единого языка, целью которого могли бы стать международные переговоры, либо урегулирование международных конфликтов и ряда других политических, экономических и культурных мероприятий. Также возможно возрастание интереса к такой науке о языке как интерлингвистика, и как следствие, дальнейшего развития языкознания в целом. На данный момент в мире существуют около пятисот искусственных языков, но лишь немногие из них более или мене пригодны для реального общения. Цель данной работы - исследовать роль искусственных международных языков в рамках современной культуры и современного общества. 3адачи данной статьи следующие: раскрыть само понятие языка; выделить виды искусственных языков; дать характеристику каждому из наиболее известных международных искусственных языков. В статье нами были использованы следующие методы научного исследования: анализ, обобщение, реферирование.
После вступления решения международного суда в силу государство-адресат обязано его исполнить. Но государство может быть им не удовлетворено по причинам правового, политического, социального характера, пересмотреть его и в конечном счете отклонить. Автором сделаны выводы, что решение может быть верифицировано на базе международной организации, через его учредительные органы, иные структуры, способные оказать давление, осуществление организационного контроля. Доказано, что, преследуя цель неисполнения решения, государства применяют следующие способы проверки: обжалование решения в вышестоящую инстанцию с одновременным обращением в исполнительный орган международной организации, изменение действующего международного договора (включая ограничение юрисдикции суда), его денонсация, заключение нового договора, изменение существующей практики толкования ; A state is obliged to comply with the decisions of the international court. However, the state may not be satisfied with it for legal, political, or social reasons; it may review or ultimately reject it. The author concludes that the decision can be verified based on an international organization, its constituent bodies, other structures (that can exert pressure), or through the implementation of organizational control. The states apply the following methods of verification for the decision non-execution: an appeal to a higher instance with simultaneous appeal to the executive body of an international organization; a modification of an existing international treaty (including limitation of the jurisdiction of the court); its denunciation; signing a new treaty; or amending an existing practice of interpretation.
Статья посвящена рассмотрению коррупции как особого вида социально-экономических отношений. Предпринят анализ широкого распространения практики коррупции в международном предпринимательстве, при этом особый акцент делается на исследовании феномена деловой коррупции в России, ее специфических чертах и причинах распространения. Подчеркивается доминирующая роль внутрикорпоративной коррупции по сравнению с внешними ее разновидностями в России. Анализируются наиболее успешные антикоррупционные стратегии в контексте взаимоотношений бизнеса с государством. Оценивается масштаб и степень экономического влияния деловой коррупции на международные деловые операции и возможности перехода России на инновационный путь развития. ; The article is devoted to research on corruption as a special kind of social economic relationship. The author made an analysis of business corruption expansion in international entrepreneurship and brought into focus a special place of the phenomenon of business corruption in Russia, its distinct characteristics and causes of the spread. The dominant role of domestic business corruption in comparison with its external types in Russia is given special emphasis in the article. The most successful anti-corruption business strategies within the context of business and government relations are analyzed. The article examines the scale and degree of economic impact of business corruption on international business activity in Russia and the country's ability to switch to innovative development.
The paper is devoted to a comparative analysis of international developments in establishing the qualifications systems; the related experience of the European Union countries are examined along with the main trends of the European discourse. The author demonstrates the mechanisms, guaranteeing the international comparability and compatibility of qualifications, and credits accumulation and transfer in vocational and higher education. The special emphasis is placed on developing principles of the national qualifications framework regarded as a basis of qualifications systems, the importance of the state participation and regulation of the national qualifications systems development, maintenance and coordination is pointed out. The paper describes different models of the end-users participation in the national qualifications system formation, including the general public, employers, education administrations and employment bodies ; В статье дан обзор зарубежного дискурса в области формирования систем квалификаций. Представлен опыт ряда экономически развитых стран – членов Европейского Союза, а также главные направления общеевропейского дискурса. Показаны механизмы, обеспечивающие международную сравнимость квалификаций, возможности накопления и переноса зачетных единиц в профессиональном и высшем образовании. Поскольку основой национальных систем квалификаций является их рамка, особое внимание уделяется принципам ее создания, соответствующим тем, что существуют в Европейской рамке. Подчеркнуты значение государственного регулирования и поддержки процесса развития национальной системы квалификаций и роль государственных структур в координации взаимодействия субъектов данного процесса. Автор статьи демонстрирует модели совместного участия в формировании национальной системы квалификаций различных категорий заинтересованных сторон, включая граждан, работодателей, органы управления образованием и органы по труду и занятости
The paper is devoted to a comparative analysis of international developments in establishing the qualifications systems; the related experience of the European Union countries are examined along with the main trends of the European discourse. The author demonstrates the mechanisms, guaranteeing the international comparability and compatibility of qualifications, and credits accumulation and transfer in vocational and higher education. The special emphasis is placed on developing principles of the national qualifications framework regarded as a basis of qualifications systems, the importance of the state participation and regulation of the na- tional qualifications systems development, maintenance and coordination is pointed out. The paper describes different models of the end-users participation in the national qualifications system formation, including the general public, employers, education administrations and employment bodies. ; В статье дан обзор зарубежного дискурса в области формирования систем квалификаций. Представлен опыт ряда экономически развитых стран – членов Европейского Союза, а также главные направления общеевропейского дискурса. Показаны механизмы, обеспечивающие международную сравнимость квалификаций, возможности накопления и переноса зачетных единиц в профессиональном и высшем образовании. Поскольку основой национальных систем квалификаций является их рамка, особое внимание уделяется принципам ее создания, соответствующим тем, что существуют в Европейской рамке. Подчеркнуты значение государственного регулирования и поддержки процесса развития национальной системы квалификаций и роль государственных структур в координации взаимодействия субъектов данного процесса. Автор статьи демонстрирует модели совместного участия в формировании национальной системы квалификаций различных категорий заинтересованных сторон, включая граждан, работодателей, органы управления образованием и органы по труду и занятости.
The article is devoted to a resonant, but unfortunately, relevant topic in the legal space of many states — the abolition of adoption. The article analyzes this institution not only from the point of view of the legal regulation of the consideration of cases concerning the cancellation of adoption by courts of general jurisdiction, but also the psychological aspect of resolving such disputes. The authors unequivocally conclude that the success of the judicial procedure in these categories of cases depends not so much on correct, timely actions performed by the court itself, but rather on the presence in the process of persons with the necessary knowledge and skills (psychologists) who are able to provide the court with the true information about the psychological state of the child in respect of which the question of the abolition of adoption. Also, the authors have repeatedly argued in the article about the necessity of imposing a mandatory pre-trial procedure on mediation whenever possible, and ideally an extrajudicial procedure for resolving cases, on cases of cancellation of adoption. Where in this procedure the leading role would be assigned to a psychologist– a mediator who, in the process of working with the parties, corrected their behaviour and possibly led to the most favourable outcome for the adopted child. The need to use mediation and other conciliation procedures in relation to adoptive parents and adopted children is stated. The authors also in the article consider the international experience (by example) of Japan, which allows concluding that the legislation of the Russian Federation is more perfect, but still requires further refinement. The need to improve legislation is stated and specific solutions to the existing gaps are provided.
