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Handel, Diplomatie und internationale Beziehungen: آلمانی - فارسی
In: Wörterbuch der Wissenschaften Band 4
In: فرهنگ علمی راکعی جلد 4
Introduction to the iranian legal system and the protection of human rights in Iran
In the context of the Human Rights Dialogue between the European Union and the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Bristih Institute of International and Comparative Law undertook a project on "Human Rights in International Law and Iran". One of the outputs of this project is the publication of the present book, designed as a practical guide and reference book for foreign jurists and human rights defenders ... (Quelle: Text Verlagseinband / Verlag)
World Affairs Online
Regioninio bendradarbiavimo saugumas: mokslo darbų rinkinys
Guzāriš-i taḥqīq dar rābiṭa bi (āzār wa aḏīyat-i ǧinsī dar muḥīṭ-i taʿlīmī wa taḥṣīlī)
Mīyānǧīgarī dar naẓarīya wa ʻamal
Naqš-i sāzmānhā-i bain-al-milalī bar ḥākimīyat-i daulathā: "bā taʾkīd bar ǧāmaʿa-i milal wa Sāzimān-i Milal-i Muttaḥid"
In: Intišārāt-i Partau-i Bayān
In: ʿUlum-i iǧtimaʿī 85
ʿIlal-i šikanǧa dar nihādhā-i muǧrī-i qānūn
On the causes of torture and other cruel treatment or punishment in laws with special reference to Afghanistan
Indijos vieta tarptautinéje arenoje: ontologinio saugumo perspektyva
In: Politologija, Heft 68, S. 65-105
ISSN: 1392-1681
Lietuvos uzsienio politika tarptautiniu santykiu teoriju ir praktikos kryzkeleje
In: Politologija, Heft 2, S. 12-61
ISSN: 1392-1681
In 2004 Lithuania implemented its two most important foreign policy goals -- became the member of the European Union & NATO. However, the country will now have to assert its status & position in the Euroatlantic community of liberal democracies. Lithuania faces an arguably more complex agenda, which has no clear end-goals or deadlines. The security challenges are difficult to identify & predict. The global & European strategic environment is best characterized by an ever-growing uncertainty: the transatlantic relations continue to be tense, Russia, paradoxically, is balancing between perspective of disintegration & re-emerging as an expansionist imperial power, & the European Union is under- going one of the most severe internal crisis in decades. At the same time, the major schools of international relations theory disagree on what to make out of the current world politics. Rationalist, neorealist authors tend to give alarmist, apocalyptic accounts of the future of the nation states if they despise the iron logic of geopolitics, whereas reflectivist, constructivist authors argue that the world is "what we make of it," & thus, can be changed. These two visions of international relations inevitably lead to different policy implications. The paper consists of two parts. In the first part, the authors address the current state of affairs in the two schools of international relations: rationalism (neorealism) & reflectivism (constructivism). In the second part, the authors interchangeably explore & compare the policy options that can be derived from the two different worldviews. The article concludes that international politics for a small state are more complex than either of the schools would suggest. Although the nature of the world politics is increasingly postmodern, a lot of actors still live in a modern world of geopolitics. Lithuanian decision makers will therefore have to "play" in accordance with postmodern rules when possible, but to remember geopolitics if necessary. Grounding their view on theoretical synthesis of constructivist & realist approaches to foreign policy, The authors asserts, that Lithuania's Euroatlantism should overshadow all other interests & problems of the society. The membership in the EU will have far reaching & long term consequences on Lithuanian society -- the same cannot be said about membership in NATO, or relations with the US. Lithuania must internalize the EU as a part of its corporate identity -- Lithuania is a part of Europe's collective identity. Therefore, Lithuanian political elite should cease to consider Europe as an object of Lithuanian foreign policy, rather it should become conscious itself as a subject of European policy contributing to its formation. Adapted from the source document.
Kaip tirti tarptautiniussantykius konstruktyvistiskai: filosofiniu prielaidu irteoriniu nuostatu analize
In: Politologija, Band 3(59, S. 29-58
ISSN: 1392-1681
One of the biggest critiques for the constructivism in international relations discipline is the accusations of abstractiveness and having little substantive to say when talking about world politics. The article asserts that constructivism is not the typical theory of international relations or foreign policy analysis. Constructivism in the discipline is what every constructivist researcher makes of it, using a few fundamental statements about the analysis of social reality. In order to show how the constructivist international relations researchers apply the fundamental principles of the constructivist analysis of social reality to form their models of analysis, firstly, the article explains the metatheoretical assumptions of constructivism and the main problems that emerge trying to apply them in empirical research. Secondly, analysing three fundamental statements of metatheoretical constructivism (on intersubjective construction of meanings, relationship of ideas and materiality, and mutual constitutive relation of structure and agency) it is demonstrated how they are transformed and applied in more particular theoretical and empirical works of international politics. In the end several recommendation are provided on the main principles of constructivist research in international relations. Adapted from the source document.