Suchergebnisse

In this final master thesis are analyzing international business evaluation features and suggested the best method to evaluate international business. In the first part of the work are analyzed international business features, highlighting the political and currency fluctuation risks, business evaluation aspects, long established and newly developed business evaluation methods and selected the method which is best suited to evaluate international business. In the second part of the work is analyzed the feasibility of discounted cash flow method to evaluate international business and the steps of the method, highlighting the determination of cash flows, the discount rate calculation, continuous value and cash flow discounting. The focus is on discount rate calculation. In the third part of the work is done the practical business evaluation of Lithuanian company AB "Stumbras" which is working in the international alcohol sphere. In this stage is given the characterization of world, Europe and Lithuanian alcohol drinks sectors. Also there is analyzed the Lithuanian macroeconomics situation. There is performed company competitive and SWOT analyze. Also there is done company's financial analyze (vertical, horizontal and financial ratio analyze), determined the company value and factors which have the greatest impact to business value. Structure: introduction, theoretical part, discounted cash flow feasibility to evaluate the international business analyze, practical international business evaluation following AB "Stumbras" example, conclusions and suggestions, references.

In this final master thesis are analyzing international business evaluation features and suggested the best method to evaluate international business. In the first part of the work are analyzed international business features, highlighting the political and currency fluctuation risks, business evaluation aspects, long established and newly developed business evaluation methods and selected the method which is best suited to evaluate international business. In the second part of the work is analyzed the feasibility of discounted cash flow method to evaluate international business and the steps of the method, highlighting the determination of cash flows, the discount rate calculation, continuous value and cash flow discounting. The focus is on discount rate calculation. In the third part of the work is done the practical business evaluation of Lithuanian company AB "Stumbras" which is working in the international alcohol sphere. In this stage is given the characterization of world, Europe and Lithuanian alcohol drinks sectors. Also there is analyzed the Lithuanian macroeconomics situation. There is performed company competitive and SWOT analyze. Also there is done company's financial analyze (vertical, horizontal and financial ratio analyze), determined the company value and factors which have the greatest impact to business value. Structure: introduction, theoretical part, discounted cash flow feasibility to evaluate the international business analyze, practical international business evaluation following AB "Stumbras" example, conclusions and suggestions, references.

This article analyzes the civil society dimension and pays particular attention to the role of civil society's organizations within the EU's Eastern Partnership's governance and networking processes. The study is based on the EU's documents' analysis and the data of qualitative interviews conducted between 2011-2014 from the respondents of the EU's institutions (European Commission, EEAS, EP), member states' representations in Brussels, and the members of the Eastern Partnership civil society forum created in 2009. The study shows that the representatives of civil society organizations are seeking to be involved and are existent in most of the stages and interactional modes of the EU's relations with the Eastern Partnership countries, and this process predicts the conditions for the emergence of international governance in the Eastern neighborhood space. On the other hand, the representatives of CSOs are complaining about not being involved enough in the negotiations deciding over the Association or other kind of agreements between the EU and their (EaP) country.

This article analyzes the civil society dimension and pays particular attention to the role of civil society's organizations within the EU's Eastern Partnership's governance and networking processes. The study is based on the EU's documents' analysis and the data of qualitative interviews conducted between 2011-2014 from the respondents of the EU's institutions (European Commission, EEAS, EP), member states' representations in Brussels, and the members of the Eastern Partnership civil society forum created in 2009. The study shows that the representatives of civil society organizations are seeking to be involved and are existent in most of the stages and interactional modes of the EU's relations with the Eastern Partnership countries, and this process predicts the conditions for the emergence of international governance in the Eastern neighborhood space. On the other hand, the representatives of CSOs are complaining about not being involved enough in the negotiations deciding over the Association or other kind of agreements between the EU and their (EaP) country.

This article analyzes the civil society dimension and pays particular attention to the role of civil society's organizations within the EU's Eastern Partnership's governance and networking processes. The study is based on the EU's documents' analysis and the data of qualitative interviews conducted between 2011-2014 from the respondents of the EU's institutions (European Commission, EEAS, EP), member states' representations in Brussels, and the members of the Eastern Partnership civil society forum created in 2009. The study shows that the representatives of civil society organizations are seeking to be involved and are existent in most of the stages and interactional modes of the EU's relations with the Eastern Partnership countries, and this process predicts the conditions for the emergence of international governance in the Eastern neighborhood space. On the other hand, the representatives of CSOs are complaining about not being involved enough in the negotiations deciding over the Association or other kind of agreements between the EU and their (EaP) country.

Lawyers participate in justice implementation, represent and protect legal interests of his/her clients in the court, state or municipal institutions or other organizations. Professional activities of a lawyer require to follow legal and moral obligation to the client, a lawyer profession, society, courts and other institutions where he/she protects clients' interests, represent them and act the behalf of a client. A lawyer must protect professional honour and dignity, not to discredit a lawyer name, the given oath and the idea of justice. The article presents the examined essential principles in society of a lawyer role embedded in international legal acts. The article identifies lawyer rights and security in the relationships with clients and other state institutions, examines the contents of a lawyer right to join professional associations, presents legal proceedings of a disciplinary case and peculiarities of application of a lawyer legal responsibility and reveals the contents of a lawyer right to judicious compensation.

Lawyers participate in justice implementation, represent and protect legal interests of his/her clients in the court, state or municipal institutions or other organizations. Professional activities of a lawyer require to follow legal and moral obligation to the client, a lawyer profession, society, courts and other institutions where he/she protects clients' interests, represent them and act the behalf of a client. A lawyer must protect professional honour and dignity, not to discredit a lawyer name, the given oath and the idea of justice. The article presents the examined essential principles in society of a lawyer role embedded in international legal acts. The article identifies lawyer rights and security in the relationships with clients and other state institutions, examines the contents of a lawyer right to join professional associations, presents legal proceedings of a disciplinary case and peculiarities of application of a lawyer legal responsibility and reveals the contents of a lawyer right to judicious compensation.

Lawyers participate in justice implementation, represent and protect legal interests of his/her clients in the court, state or municipal institutions or other organizations. Professional activities of a lawyer require to follow legal and moral obligation to the client, a lawyer profession, society, courts and other institutions where he/she protects clients' interests, represent them and act the behalf of a client. A lawyer must protect professional honour and dignity, not to discredit a lawyer name, the given oath and the idea of justice. The article presents the examined essential principles in society of a lawyer role embedded in international legal acts. The article identifies lawyer rights and security in the relationships with clients and other state institutions, examines the contents of a lawyer right to join professional associations, presents legal proceedings of a disciplinary case and peculiarities of application of a lawyer legal responsibility and reveals the contents of a lawyer right to judicious compensation.

Lawyers participate in justice implementation, represent and protect legal interests of his/her clients in the court, state or municipal institutions or other organizations. Professional activities of a lawyer require to follow legal and moral obligation to the client, a lawyer profession, society, courts and other institutions where he/she protects clients' interests, represent them and act the behalf of a client. A lawyer must protect professional honour and dignity, not to discredit a lawyer name, the given oath and the idea of justice. The article presents the examined essential principles in society of a lawyer role embedded in international legal acts. The article identifies lawyer rights and security in the relationships with clients and other state institutions, examines the contents of a lawyer right to join professional associations, presents legal proceedings of a disciplinary case and peculiarities of application of a lawyer legal responsibility and reveals the contents of a lawyer right to judicious compensation.

Cyber has been around for over a decade and yet we are still faces with a situation of a very weak or rather no regulation. This is being heavily influenced by our weak technological development and due to the nature of cyberspace and the Internet. Cyber warfare poses interesting questions for us. It is one of a kind type of warfare, the one we cannot see or feel, but it's impacts are instantaneous and potentially devastating. States and scholars agree on that. This thesis attempts to explore possibilities of application of existing international laws to amend this situation and answer the questions if it is adequate or at all possible. While scholars are still arguing about the basics of what cyber warfare and cyberspace actually is, it keeps on evolving. States on the other hand have recognized the potential threat of cyber warfare a long time ago and are attempting to mend the existing legal void, however not successfully. The effects of their efforts are limited only to a small number of States. States who are not willing to give up their cyber capability would also stay clear from such international legislation. International treaties and State practice were analyzed in search of a way to accommodate cyber warfare under the current regime. The findings show that application of existing legal basis to cyber warfare is at best difficult and strained. The reality is that cyber warfare does not fit adequately under any of the legal umbrellas at the moment. Application of existing laws generates even more drawbacks than it in the end covers. There is potential for future development however. States are inclined to negotiate and, even as we speak, are attempting at creation of a cyber warfare regulating treaty. The thesis concludes that current international law is not adequate in order to be applicable to cyber warfare and even in areas where it can afford minimal protection, potential for abuse exists. The criteria and standards which were appropriate to conventional warfare and armed conflict are outdated. At least a global understanding on the terms used to define cyber warfare and related terms would be a good starting point. A universally accepted convention would be the perfect solution.

Cyber has been around for over a decade and yet we are still faces with a situation of a very weak or rather no regulation. This is being heavily influenced by our weak technological development and due to the nature of cyberspace and the Internet. Cyber warfare poses interesting questions for us. It is one of a kind type of warfare, the one we cannot see or feel, but it's impacts are instantaneous and potentially devastating. States and scholars agree on that. This thesis attempts to explore possibilities of application of existing international laws to amend this situation and answer the questions if it is adequate or at all possible. While scholars are still arguing about the basics of what cyber warfare and cyberspace actually is, it keeps on evolving. States on the other hand have recognized the potential threat of cyber warfare a long time ago and are attempting to mend the existing legal void, however not successfully. The effects of their efforts are limited only to a small number of States. States who are not willing to give up their cyber capability would also stay clear from such international legislation. International treaties and State practice were analyzed in search of a way to accommodate cyber warfare under the current regime. The findings show that application of existing legal basis to cyber warfare is at best difficult and strained. The reality is that cyber warfare does not fit adequately under any of the legal umbrellas at the moment. Application of existing laws generates even more drawbacks than it in the end covers. There is potential for future development however. States are inclined to negotiate and, even as we speak, are attempting at creation of a cyber warfare regulating treaty. The thesis concludes that current international law is not adequate in order to be applicable to cyber warfare and even in areas where it can afford minimal protection, potential for abuse exists. The criteria and standards which were appropriate to conventional warfare and armed conflict are outdated. At least a global understanding on the terms used to define cyber warfare and related terms would be a good starting point. A universally accepted convention would be the perfect solution.

Topical Issues of International Space Law. An object of this research is the international space law and its relevant emerging problems. The first part of the work aims to describe the developments of international space law showing the circumstances of the time of the signature and the most important provisions. The second part of the work is designed for analysis of the legality of military activities or weaponization of space according to Outer Space Treaty. The unclear concepts are highlighted as causing problems. In the third part of the work author overviews the dangers of space debris and the legal problem of liability regime. The forth part focuses on legality and legal clarity of private space flights operated by private companies and liability regime. The fith part of the work analyses the legal problems of mining of natural resources in space according to Outer Space Treaty and Moon Agreement. At the end of the work the most important conclusions on research on the relevant problems in international space law are delivered. Author suggest few viable options on tackling these problems.

Topical Issues of International Space Law. An object of this research is the international space law and its relevant emerging problems. The first part of the work aims to describe the developments of international space law showing the circumstances of the time of the signature and the most important provisions. The second part of the work is designed for analysis of the legality of military activities or weaponization of space according to Outer Space Treaty. The unclear concepts are highlighted as causing problems. In the third part of the work author overviews the dangers of space debris and the legal problem of liability regime. The forth part focuses on legality and legal clarity of private space flights operated by private companies and liability regime. The fith part of the work analyses the legal problems of mining of natural resources in space according to Outer Space Treaty and Moon Agreement. At the end of the work the most important conclusions on research on the relevant problems in international space law are delivered. Author suggest few viable options on tackling these problems.

Topical Issues of International Space Law. An object of this research is the international space law and its relevant emerging problems. The first part of the work aims to describe the developments of international space law showing the circumstances of the time of the signature and the most important provisions. The second part of the work is designed for analysis of the legality of military activities or weaponization of space according to Outer Space Treaty. The unclear concepts are highlighted as causing problems. In the third part of the work author overviews the dangers of space debris and the legal problem of liability regime. The forth part focuses on legality and legal clarity of private space flights operated by private companies and liability regime. The fith part of the work analyses the legal problems of mining of natural resources in space according to Outer Space Treaty and Moon Agreement. At the end of the work the most important conclusions on research on the relevant problems in international space law are delivered. Author suggest few viable options on tackling these problems.