Suchergebnisse

The article analyses international legal acts that regulate the labour relations of certain categories of workers, as well as related problems. Their distinctive feature is the age that a person has reached at the time of entering into such a legal relationship. The peculiarities of such regulation are determined; its characteristic features are specified. Due to the fact that age is one of the legal facts that affect the legal status of the employee, an attempt is made to distinguish between age groups of employees and to identify features of their legal status in the employment relationship. The methodological basis of the study includes general and special methods of cognition. The dialectical method examines the problems of legal regulation of international norms on the use of hired labour of minors and the elderly and their relationship with a number of trends that have different effects on international labour law. Formal-logical and systematic methods are used to study the content of international legal acts governing labour relations of minors and the elderly. The main result of the study is the regulation in international legal acts of relations concerning the use of hired labour of minors and the elderly, improving its conditions, protection against discrimination and creating conditions for the free exercise of their ability to work within national laws, for comparative legal analysis and finding ways to improve existing systems. The article also pays attention to the content, significance and features of the basic principles for the use of hired labour of minors and the elderly, the establishment by member states of the minimum age for employment.

The present paper concerns the research related to solo life during the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting quarantine restrictions in different countries around the world. The definition of the concept of "solo life" is given, and the corresponding phenomenon is analyzed. Taking into account the existing publications about solo living in a pandemic, the main problems that its representatives may face are highlighted, namely: problems of social well-being, problems of perception and compliance with quarantine restrictions, problems of employment and labor relations, physical isolation and problems of finding romantic relationships. The ways to overcome these problems are considered, in particular, such as creating "bubbles" of communication, intensifying communication with relatives, friends, and colleagues. The most appropriate research methods for the specified social group are determined. It is concluded that there is a need for a comprehensive study of solo living using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Such limitations of using the data of the analysis carried out as insufficient development of the categorical apparatus, which causes difficulties in comparing the results of various studies, are outlined; focus on the problems of women who adhere to the solo lifestyle; differences in the implementation of quarantine measures in different countries and monitoring their compliance. Despite the fact that most of the countries where the analyzed studies were conducted are socially and economically more developed than Ukraine, it is proved that in our country some of the listed problems may be deeper: new difficulties may arise due to the situation in the post-Soviet space. The range of issues that update the study of solo living in Ukraine during the pandemic is determined, namely: the problems of single elderly people; the economic situation of people living solo; the ineffectiveness of social policies aimed at supporting solo individuals. It is concluded that the main issue in the study of solo living in Ukraine is the determination of its socio-cultural specifics.

The article discusses the factors and features of the development strategy of foreign trade activities of Ukrainian enterprises. The main components of the mechanism of foreign trade development strategy of Ukrainian firms, its problems and prospects for improving the light of foreign experience. A scheme for the development strategy of foreign economic activity of the enterprise, which includes goals, motives and results

The article analyzes the legal regulation for the denunciation of the conventions of the International Labour Organization. Both automatic and "pure" denunciations of conventions are examined. Ratified ILO conventions have traditionally been one of the key sources of national labour law. However, over time, some of them have lost their relevance and practical importance. The most common way to waive obligations under ratified conventions is to denounce them. Denunciation is provided for in every ILO convention, with the exception of Conventions Nos. 80 and 116, which contain rules relating to the partial revision of previous conventions. In addition, a mechanism for partial denunciation is provided for certain conventions. Such a mechanism is expressed in the possibility of denunciation of: a) certain sections of the Convention, e.g. Invalidity, Old-Age and Survivors' Benefits Convention, 1967 (No. 128); b) certain categories covered by the scope of the convention, e.g. Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention, 1977 (No. 148). It is determined that most denunciations of ILO conventions occur automatically, due to the country's ratification of more recent conventions. In Ukraine, all denunciation of ILO conventions took place automatically. The "pure" denunciations are more relevant to outdated conventions or conventions that no longer correspond to existing fundamental principles in the world of work. An example is Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1948 (No. 89), which was denounced by Austria, Greece, Italy, Ireland, France, the Czech Republic, etc. The provisions of this Convention are no longer in line with the ILO's existing policy of equal rights and opportunities for men and women in world of work. The practice of denouncing up-to-date ILO conventions should not be called widespread, primarily due to the need for mandatory prior tripartite consultations on this issue, which involves comprehensive consideration of the interests of government, employees and employers. Ratification by the country of the ILO conventions puts national labour legislation in a fairly clear framework, which in some cases may serve as a reason for slowing down specific areas of its further development. After all, certain conventions were adopted at a time when completely different regulatory approaches in the world of work were applied than those that exist today. Resolving this issue is possible through the timely and balanced application of the denunciation procedure. This procedure, provided for in almost all ILO conventions, should be considered as a clear example of the harmonious evolution of international labour standards. Keywords: International Labour Organization, conventions, automatic denunciation, "pure" denunciation, ratification, national legislation.

The article considers legal principles of regulation for relations of guardianship, care and adoption in international family law, the regulation of these forms of arranging children in law and their interpretation in the legal doctrine of certain foreign states, the definition of features and peculiarities of these concepts, the definition of relations in this field, as well as formulation of conclusions and proposals aimed at harmonization of national legislation with the law of leading foreign states.

Legal grounds for the regulation of the relations of guardianship, care and adoption in the legislation of some foreign countries shows that there are different legislative approaches to the regulation of such forms of placement of children. Historical, religious, national factors, elements of tradition and culture – all these factors significantly affect the substantive content of the essential traits of care, and adoption in different countries.

At the same time, the basic provisions of such institutions are unchanged – both guardianship and adoption are intended to promote the upbringing and development of the child, to guarantee the exercise of their rights and legitimate interests, to ensure their care and custody.

Custody relations are regulated both on the basis of conflict law rules and in accordance with substantive rules of private international law. For example, in Ukraine the establishment and cancellation of custody of minors, disable persons are regulated by the personal law of the ward. The obligation of the guardian to accept guardianship is determined by the personal law of the person appointed by the guardian. The relationship between the guardian and the person under guardianship is determined by the law of the state the body of which appointed the guardian.

The regulation of relations for international adoption is subject to conflict of law rules. In Ukraine, adoption and its abolition are governed by the child's personal law and by the adopter's personal law. A person's ability to be an adopter is determined in accordance with his or her personal law. The legal consequences of adoption or termination are determined by the personal law of the adopter.
One of the areas of state activity regarding adoption should be effective monitoring and control over the processes of adoption including the participation of foreign entities as well as the further upbringing, care and observance of the rights and interests of children who have been adopted by foreigners.

The last decade of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century are characterized by an unprecedented intensification of the processes of mergers and acquisitions of the companies both in the developed and the developing countries. The companies working in information business underwent changes. The question arises of the expediency of the processes of mergers and acquisitions, of the efficiency of consolidation and concentration of capital in the field of information business. The aim of the research is the development of a methodological approach and the formation, based on it, of the mechanism of organizational and economic concentration and consolidation in the management of information business in modern global economy. The main research methods are dialectical method of scientific knowledge, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis and generalization of data. The conducted research into the volumes of mergers and acquisitions in the sector of information technologies, which directly affects the formation of the information business, has allowed revealing that the creation of new business models through the merger of capital caused bankruptcies. It is proven that 70% of profitable agreements were not implemented because of the not properly elaborated system of integration of the companies. We made a conclusion that due to the absence of an efficient mechanism for mergers and acquisitions of capital, after the processes of integration many companies in the information business did not have the opportunity to function efficiently. It was revealed that to ensure management of the concentration of capital it is necessary to identify and study related processes; to establish a set of conditions and parameters that characterize each process; to assign a manager who would manage and monitor a single simple process. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is the substantiation of the necessity of the application of organizational–economic mechanism during consolidation and concentration of capital in the information business based on the analysis of the dynamics of mergers and acquisitions in the sector of information technologies. The practical significance of the obtained results is the possibility of application of organizational–economic mechanism during mergers and acquisitions of capital in the information business. The application of this mechanism will improve the process of consolidation and provide the ability to control the capital and make the necessary changes on the consistent and regular basis. The processes of managing the concentration and consolidation of the capital are new for the economies of the world, so the trends of their occurrence define the directions of further research.