Organizing the Voice of Women: A Study of the Polish and Swedish Women's Movements' Adaptation to International Structures, by Eva Karlberg, is reviewed by Kirsti Stuvøy, Associate Professor, Faculty of Landscape and Society, International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU).
OBJECTIVE: To describe the scope and limitations of the main strategies of cooperation in health, adopted between 2005 and 2017, in the context of the triple border Brazil, Colombia and Peru. METHOD: Single, explanatory, qualitative, integrated case study carried out in 2017, in the context of the triple Amazon border, Brazil, Colombia and Peru, in the city of Tabatinga, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Our sources of evidence were: documentary data; interviews with health managers of the State Health Secretariats of Amazonas and Municipal Health of Tabatinga, Municipal Health Council of Tabatinga and Consulate of Peru in Colombia; and direct observations in four health services of Tabatinga. Data were organized with MaxQDA12® software. RESULTS: Data analyzed showed that, during the study period, the Brazilian federal government made several health cooperation agreements with both Peru and Colombia and that the state government of Amazonas undertook strategies to improve the health conditions of the dwellers of Tabatinga and the region of Alto Solimões, which indirectly reached the populations of neighboring countries, supporting the interrelationships between the countries of the region. Regarding the municipal government, we verified the existence of health integration agreements, established informally, to minimize the adversities of the local health. CONCLUSION: The cooperation strategies in health adopted in the triple Amazon border have different purposes, benefits and limitations. It is noteworthy that the existence of cooperation agreements between the federal governments of Brazil, Colombia and Peru and the presence of informal cooperation agreements between the municipal governments of Tabatinga (Brazil), Leticia (Colombia) and Santa Rosa (Peru). The limitations of this study are the lack of knowledge of local managers about the cooperation agreements established between federal governments and the lack of legitimacy of the informal agreements established by the Tabatinga government. ; OBJETIVO: Descrever o alcance e as limitações das principais estratégias de cooperação em saúde, adotadas entre 2005 e 2017, no contexto da tríplice fronteira Brasil, Colômbia e Peru. MÉTODO: Estudo de caso único, explicativo, qualitativo e integrado realizado no ano de 2017, no contexto da tríplice fronteira no município de Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brasil. Como fontes de evidências foram utilizados: dados documentais, observações diretas em quatro serviços de saúde do município de Tabatinga e entrevistas com gestores da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Amazonas, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Tabatinga, Conselho Municipal de Saúde de Tabatinga e Consulado do Peru na Colômbia. Os dados foram organizados com o software MaxQDA12® . RESULTADOS: Os dados analisados demonstraram que, no período estudado, o governo federal do Brasil realizou diversos acordos de cooperação em saúde, tanto com o Peru quanto com a Colômbia, e que o governo do estado do Amazonas empreendeu estratégias para melhoria das condições de saúde da população de Tabatinga e região do Alto Solimões, as quais indiretamente alcançaram as populações dos países vizinhos, favorecendo as inter-relações entre os países da região. Quando ao governo municipal, verificou-se a existência de acordos de integração de saúde, estabelecidos informalmente, com o intuito de minimizar as adversidades da saúde local. CONCLUSÃO: As estratégias de cooperação em saúde adotadas na tríplice fronteira amazônica apresentam diferentes finalidades, benefícios e limitações. Destacam-se como benefícios a existência de acordos de cooperação em saúde entre os governos federais do Brasil, Colômbia e Peru e a presença de acordos informais de cooperação entre os governos municipais de Tabatinga (Brasil), Letícia (Colômbia) e Santa Rosa (Peru). As limitações são o desconhecimento dos gestores locais sobre os acordos de cooperação estabelecidos entre os governos federais e a falta de legitimidade dos acordos informais estabelecidos pelo governo de Tabatinga.
A Organização Mundial da Saúde lançou em maio de 2019 a nova Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID), 11ª revisão. Como contribuição a essa transição, o objetivo deste texto é apresentar as principais mudanças da versão revisada da classificação e indicar os desafios mais prementes. Após 30 anos da publicação da CID-10, identificam-se desafios importantes quanto à nova classificação, que foi apresentada para adoção dos Estados-membros e entrará em vigor em janeiro de 2022. A finalidade da pré-visualização é permitir aos países planejar o uso e treinar seus profissionais. A nova versão é completamente digital, diminuindo assim os erros de notificação e facilitando a divulgação e consolidação da nova versão. A atualização deixa transparecer os avanços da compreensão cientifica e exige dos governos ações estruturantes e eficiência na implementação, para que todos que tratam da assistência possam se comunicar numa mesma linguagem, em escala mundial. ; The World Health Organization launched in May 2019 the new International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 11th revision. As a contribution to this transition, this article aims to present the main changes of the revised version of the classification and indicate the most pressing challenges. After 30 years of the ICD-10 publication, we identified significant challenges regarding the new classification, which was presented for adoption by several countries and will be in force in January 2022. The purpose of the preview is to allow countries to plan its use and train their professionals. The new version is completely digital, thus reducing notification errors and facilitating the dissemination and consolidation of this new version. The update highlights the advances in scientific understanding, and it demands structural actions and implementation efficiency from governments, so that everyone who deals with assistance can speak the same language, on a global scale.
The issue of risk management has gained attention in the field of administration due to the dissemination of international frameworks. In Brazilian federal public administration, risk management is a recent and expanding practice. This research analyzes how international corporate risk management frameworks have been adopted by the federal government through regulations and guidelines. The study adopts the concepts of coercive, normative, and mimetic forces from the neo-institutional theory, and examines the presence of international norms in the Brazilian regulations. Through a qualitative approach, content analysis in documents, norms, interviews, and seminars was used to identify traits of the COSO ERM and ISO 31000/2009 frameworks, which were chosen based on relevance. Results identify important actors pushing for the use of international frameworks, such as international organizations, professional associations, and public agencies, especially those related to government audits. Despite the strong international influence, the Brazilian norms are adapted to the organizations' context and allowing the maintenance of national autonomy. ; El interés en la gestión de riesgos ha crecido de manera constante, fortalecido por la difusión de modelos internacionales. En la administración publica federal de Brasil, el uso de la gestión de riesgos es reciente y se está expandiendo. Esta investigación analiza como las normas y directrices del gobierno federal adoptan los modelos internacionales de gestión de riesgos corporativos. Siguiendo la teoría neoinstitucional, se investigó la exposición a fuerzas coercitivas, normativas y miméticas, y la presencia de conceptos de normas internacionales en la reglamentación brasileña. Se utilizó el análisis de contenido en documentos, normas, entrevistas y seminarios para identificar los rasgos de los modelos COSO ERM e ISO 31000/2009, adoptados por su relevancia. Los resultados identifican actores importantes que ejercen presión para la adopción de modelos internacionales, como organizaciones internacionales, asociaciones profesionales y agencias públicas, especialmente las vinculadas a la auditoria gubernamental. A pesar de la fuerte influencia, la estructuración de estándares permite el mantenimiento de la autonomía nacional y su personalización en el contexto de las organizaciones. ; O interesse no gerenciamento de riscos tem crescido continuamente, fortalecido pela disseminação de modelos internacionais. Na administração publica federal brasileira, o uso da gestão de riscos e recente e encontra-se em expansão. Esta pesquisa analisou como modelos internacionais de gerenciamento de riscos corporativos são adotados pelas normas e orientações do Governo Federal. Aplicam-se os conceitos de forças coercitivas, normativas e miméticas da teoria neoinstitucional e observa-se a presença de conceitos das normas internacionais na normativa brasileira. Aplicou-se a análise de conteúdo em documentos, entrevistas, normas e palestras, afim de identificar traços do modelo do Comitê das Organizações Patrocinadoras de Treadway (Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission [COSO]) para Gerenciamento de Riscos Corporativos (Enterprise Risk Management [ERM]), conhecido como modelo "COSO ERM", e do modelo da Organização Internacional de Normalizacao (International Organization for Standardization [ISO]), conhecido como Norma ISO 31000:2009, adotados por sua relevância. Os resultados identificam que importantes atores exercem pressões para adoção dos modelos internacionais, como os próprios organismos internacionais, associações profissionais e órgãos públicos, em especial aqueles ligados a auditoria governamental. Apesar da forte influência verificada, a estruturação das normas permite a manutenção da autonomia nacional e sua customização no contexto das organizações.
A análise da relação entre México e EUA na gestão do fluxo migratório das caravanas centro-americanas, realizada neste paper busca promover um debate a respeito dos processos de mudança necessários para a efetiva implementação de uma perspectiva feminista na política externa por parte do governo de López Obrador. O anúncio mexicano da implementação de uma Política Externa Feminista, entre os anos 2020-2024, deve considerar que este paradigma, de maneira implícita, demanda uma ética que considera experiências e capacidades de atores tradicionalmente excluídos da arena internacional. Que, por sua vez, só é viável quando agência, estruturas e práticas permitem a congruência e coesão entre discursos oficiais e políticas implementadas, caso contrário há uma narrativa feminista que reflete em práticas opressoras. Para analisar esta conjuntura foi desenvolvida pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, de abordagem qualitativa, ponderando as delimitações da Nova Política Migratória mexicana, bem como a narrativa oficial em torno da adoção da Política Externa Feminista. Contempla-se ainda a difusão midiática em torno da gestão da fronteira com os EUA de modo a contrapor práticas e discursos. Assim, foi possível concluir que, ainda que o México tenha estrutura institucional e liderança política para a transformação do status-quo, a balança de poder desigual nas Relações Internacionais não favorece ações efetivamente feministas. Podendo ainda argumentar que a lacuna no exercício da ética feminista na administração da migração na fronteira Norte pode ser resultado da deficiência de políticas correlacionais entre os Estados, que reforça a narrativa da securitização e hierarquização dos povos.
DOI:10.1590/2179-8966/2020/49180ResumoA Lei n. 13.979, de 6 de fevereiro de 2020, regula medidas de saúde pública relacionadas à emergência do novo coronavírus com alto potencial restritivo de direitos fundamentais, inclusive a quarentena e o isolamento. Esta análise crítica aborda a dimensão internacional da emergência, além da tramitação casuística e antidemocrática da lei brasileira. Com base na legislação epidemiológica em vigor, escrutina estas medidas excepcionais e as salvaguardas à sua implementação.Palavras-chave: Quarentena; Coronavírus; Emergência InternacionalAbstract Law no. 13,979, of February 6, 2020, regulates public health measures related to the emergence of the new coronavirus with high potential to restrict fundamental rights, including quarantine and isolation. This critical analysis addresses the international dimension of the emergency, and the casuistic and anti-democratic procedure of the Brazilian law. Based on the epidemiological legislation in force, it scrutinizes restrictive measures and safeguards for its implementation.Keywords: Quarantine; Coronavirus; International Emergency
Latin American countries have undergone a growing interest in international accounting standards. Several countries are making progress in the adoption of international standards driven by different internal factors as well as external dynamics. The role of experts in the design of public policies associated with international standards has been studied by the epistemic community theory, which is the theoretical framework used in this study to address the influence of different international organizations on the adoption of IPSAS in Brazil and Colombia. This paper discusses the isomorphic institutional pressure exerted over the governments of these two countries in order to meet an international standard considered to be adequate. Meanwhile, the emerging trend towards the adoption of IPSAS in Latin America continues to grow, although some obstacles to achieving the goals defined in the reform arise. ; Los países de América Latina han experimentado un creciente interés por las normas internacionales de contabilidad. Varios países están avanzando en la adopción de estándares internacionales, impulsados por diferentes factores internos y dinámicas externas. El papel de los expertos en la definición y recomendación de las políticas públicas asociadas con los estándares internacionales ha sido estudiado por la teoría de las comunidades epistémicas. El artículo retoma este marco teórico para abordar la influencia de diferentes organismos internacionales en la adopción de IPSAS en Brasil y Colombia. Discute la presión institucional isomórfica sobre los gobiernos de estos dos países para converger hacia un estándar internacional considerado adecuado. La tendencia emergente hacia la adopción de IPSAS en los países latinoamericanos crece, aunque existen importantes obstáculos para alcanzar las metas definidas en la reforma. ; Os países da América Latina têm experimentado um crescente interesse pelas normas internacionais de contabilidade. Vários países estão avançando na adoção de padrões internacionais, impulsionados por diferentes fatores internos e dinâmicas externas. O papel dos especialistas na definição e recomendação de políticas públicas associadas a padrões internacionais tem sido estudado pela teoria de comunidades epistêmicas. O artigo retoma este arcabouço teórico para abordar a influência de diferentes organizações internacionais na adoção das IPSAS no Brasil e na Colômbia. Discute a pressão institucional isomórfica sobre os governos desses dois países para convergir para um padrão internacional considerado adequado. A tendência emergente para a adoção de IPSAS nos países da América Latina está crescendo, embora existam obstáculos significativos para alcançar as metas definidas na reforma.
Helge Blakkisrud (Norwegian Institute of International Affairs) reviews the anthology Nationhood and Politization of History in School Textbooks: Identity, the Curriculum and Educational Media, edited by Gorana Ognjenović and Jasna Joselić.
Abstract: The Russian Understanding of War: Blurring the Lines between War and PeaceJulie Wilhelmsen (NUPI, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs) reviews The Russian Understanding of War: Blurring the Lines between War and Peace by Oscar Jonsson.
The Politics of Poverty in Contemporary Russia, by Ann-Mari Sätre, is reviewed by Kirsti Stuvøy, Associate Professor, Faculty of Landscape and Society, International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU).
This study consists of an effort to analyze the process of constitution of the paradigm of the public employment system (SPE) in Brazil, having as a reference the programmatic model proposed from the deliberations of the International Labor Organization (ILO). Therefore, it is a matter of analyzing the relationship between two trajectories: the deliberative sequencing that established a propositional framework of articulated programs aimed at tackling the problem of unemployment; and the institutional sequencing of the formation of a Brazilian model of SPE. The approach used was intended to highlight the main institutional facts that led to this specific social protection system, which over time was detaching itself from the general social security system to have its own financing, coordination and operationalization arrangements. For this, it was verified how the decisions at the international level were received internally and how the Brazilian State was being instrumentalized, since the formation of a labor and social security institution in the 1930s until the consequences of the Federal Constitution of 1988 (CF/1988), to respond to commitments made over time.
The main objective of this work is to analyze how the Brazilian Supreme Audit Institution (Tribunal de Contas da União - TCU) has been acting in the policy making of the federal public administration. It seeks to highlight that in addition to the classic functions of a court of accounts that oversees governmental acts, there has been an expansion of performance aimed at evaluating the performance and implementation of public programs and policies. The text highlights that there are several factors that affect this change in trajectory that gives the Court's operational audits a prominent place alongside those that are more focused on the analysis of legal and formal compliance. The international literature highlights that changes in the roles of the courts of accounts have been deepening in several countries. A second group of factors considers the so-called "good practices": experiences of countries taken as examples (especially the United States and England) and international organizations that disseminate ways of acting (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development - OECD, International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions - Intosai, United Nations - UN and World Bank). The research analyzes the Court's organizational structure, such as salaries and schooling of civil servants, in which it finds that both are higher than the average for the Executive, Legislative and Judiciary branches. The investigation examines how the official documents of the TCU appropriate the international debate, and the support on the Federal Constitution, which underlies the expansionism of its actions. This debate upholds the analysis of three empirical evidence capable of discussing this argument. Initially, backed on audit database created after a search on the court's website. Operational audits were identified that, since 2005, have been expanding TCU's performance in several public policies. Also were analyzed the Inspection Reports on Government Policies and Programs and Systemic Inspection Reports. Since 2005, there has been a significant expansion of audits aimed at evaluating public policies. In order to thicken the research, interviews were carried out with six TCU external control departments, aiming to present how this kind of acting is institutionally justified. The comparison with the literature, the document analysis that underlies this form of action, the alignment with the international "epistemic community" and the features of its organizational structure allow us to understand how external control justifies and validates its activities into the policy making of public administration. The conclusions summarize this process within the scope of public management and its managerial and political effects. Research agendas are suggested seeking to increase this incipient field of study in the areas of public administration and political science in Brazil.
Abstract: What has Remained of the USSR – Exploring the Erosion of the Post-Soviet SpaceFlemming Splidsboel Hansen (Danish Institute for International Studies) reviews What has Remained of the USSR – Exploring the Erosion of the Post-Soviet Space, edited by Arkady Moshes and András Racz.
Abstract: Political Culture in the Baltic States. Between National and European IntegrationEglė Kesylytė-Alliks (researcher at Institute of International Relations and Political Science, Vilnius University) reviews Political Culture in the Baltic States. Between National and European Integration written by Kjetil Duvold, Sten Berglund and Joakim Ekman.
This research is part of the new COVID-19 scenario. From the methodological cut-off - number of deaths per million inhabitants – it has been chosen the two Latin American countries that, until the date of writing of the work, are at the two extremes of the spectrum of the disease: the lower and the higher number of fatal victims. Thus, by this cut-off presented, this study will seek to answer which public measures Brazil and Costa Rica have been carrying out in the fight against COVID-19, taking into consideration the guidelines established and adopted by the World Health Organization. In the context, the general objective is to establish a dialogue between the two scenarios, Brazilian and Costa Rican, in the fight against COVID-19; making it a specific objective to analyze information on the public policies carried out by the two countries that make up the object of the art of this research. In order to comply with the above, this basic and exploratory research uses a critical qualitative methodology, integrating elements that come from the analysis of reports, specialized texts, legislation and national and international protocols in order to build a critical theoretical framework. The article concludes the Costa Rican government's excellence in this pandemic scenario, as well as the need for the Brazilian government to act with greater social responsibility, as well as to provide a counterpart of resources to institutions and fund epidemiological research groups on the disease. Furthermore, this scenario of the COVID-19 Pandemic shows the importance of rediscovering International Relations and International Law, acting cooperatively for solutions of the global order.
