Suchergebnisse

Today, Europe is living a new decisive time as it has been in its past after World War II, in search of unity in diversity in the name of a peace project to safeguard future. If, on the one hand, Europe expresses aspirations for profound changes in its external environment, in the domestic context, it ends up colliding with aspects linked to sovereignty and human rights; on the other hand, in European foreign policy, the model reveals the search to legitimize its action. Precisely, the objective and the motivation of this study seek, through the qualitative methodology in Political Science, to analyse and understand the current context of the European Union in the international system. In fact, it is identified that this new hierarchy of powers, in the reaffirmation of the Westphalian system, where economic power comes, is bound to consolidate the democratic development between the old and new times of international relations in the destiny of Europe. From the results obtained during the analysis, in order to face again the unpredictability of the world scenario, it is a reality that Europe must promote the re-encounter of an alternative role, in other words, to assume its initial project of European edification in the name of equality of circumstances and rights of its affirmation in the global arena.

This work analyzes the Agenda 2030 in its main potentiality to lead public policies and private actions towards a more sustainable path. At the same time it acknowledges its dependency on measurements and finance mechanisms for the Sustainable Development Goals implementation. The main argument is that public expectations face difficulties to be translated in public actions, due to, among other factors, the lack of measurement and finance mechanisms. With this purpose it starts describing what is the Agenda 2030, and how this United Nations lead international declaration is structured to be monitored and implemented by States and others multi stakeholders. Secondly it analyses the importance of the measurements to address critical social environmental challenges and to allow comparison between the achievements of each member state. Third it remarks the role-played by international financial institutions, by international investment and by the private sector in general. Forth, the article highlights the drawbacks the methodology of goals can represent when used to overcome collective challenges marked by moral issues and diffuse impacts, being highly dependent on measurements and finance tools. The methodology chosen was the descriptive and normative, the techniques used were documentary, legislative and bibliographic research.

Discours sur le bilan de la Route de l'esclave / Ali Moussa Iye -- Esclavage et réconciliation : les historiens de la Caraïbe ont-ils échoué? / Dominique Rogers -- Mémoire, oubli, commémoration / Ary Broussillon -- Réconcilier histoire et mémoire du droit de l'esclavage colonial français (en particulier du Code Noir), par le retour aux sources / Jean-François Niort -- Sources orales, matérielles (monuments) et reconstitution historique de l'esclavage et du marronnage (Surinam, Guyane et Antilles françaises) : enjeux mémoriels et historiques / Jean Moomou -- Sources de l'histoire et de la mémoire de l'esclavage aux Archives départmentales de la Guadeloupe / Anne Lebel -- L'apport de l'archéologie à la connaissance de l'histoire de l'esclavage, l'exemple de la Guadeloupe / Tristan Yvon -- Indigoterie de l'Anse à la Barque, un lieu de mémoire de l'esclavage : comment le mettre architecturalement en valeur, pour qui et avec quel message? / Hélène de Kergariou et Tristan Yvon -- Les cimetières d'esclaves en Guadeloupe / Thomas Romon, Jérôme Rouquet, Patrice Courtaud -- Le quartier des esclaves des habitations Barbotteau-Rodrigues (La Piéta) à Port-Louis (Guadeloupe) : données de la fouille archéologique préventive et questions patrimoniales / Nathalie Serrand -- Le Comité national pour la mémoire et l'histoire de l'esclavage : palimpseste de la mémoire et nouvelles orientations citoyennes / Myriam Cottias -- Les Anneaux de la Mémoire entre la Loire, l'Afrique et les Caraïbes / Yvon Chotard et Patricia Beauchamp Afadé -- La route des abolitions de l'esclavage / Philippe Pichot -- Abolition et abolitionnistes de l'esclavage : analyse critique et perspective patrimoniale / Nelly Schmidt -- Esclavage et première colonisation dans le paysage parisien d'aujourd'hui / Marcel Dorigny -- Le Musée international de l'esclavage (IMS) à Liverpool : entre engagement et politique culturelle de l'émotion / Fabienne Viala -- Slavery, slave trade, and remembrance : toward a global museum / Harvey Bakari -- Participacion comunitaria en gestión de sitio de memoria de la esclavitud en Zaña-Perú. (Itinerario de los esclavizados de la antigua Provincia de Zaña) / Luis Rocca Torres -- Authority vs authenticity : reconciling Caribbean history and memory in the Slave Route context / Alissandra Cummins -- Routes d'hommes et de femmes soumis à l'esclavage et de leurs descendants au Brésil : lieux de mémoire et éducation des relations ethniques et raciales / Petronilha Beatriz Gonçalves e Silva -- A experiência Chitiá Tours e Rota da Liberdade, Colombia e Brasil, agências de viagens e sítios memoriales / Solange Barbosa -- Les témoins matériels et immatériels des pistes caravanières au Congo Brazzaville / Samuel Kidiba -- Le projet "La Route de l'esclave : traces-mémoires en Guadeloupe" / Matthieu Dussauge -- La mémoire non-dite, l'histoire racontée en Guadeloupe (1948-2014) / Diana Rey-Hulman -- The UNESCO "Slave Route Project" : moving ahead : the St. Kitts-Nevis experience / Michael S. Blake-Esdaille -- El Caribe insular y los sitios de memoria del Proyecto UNESCO "La Ruta del Esclavo: resistencia, libertad y patrimonio" / Jesús Guanche Pérez -- Bilan des activités de la Route de l'esclave en Haïti / Laënnec Hurbon -- L'histoire racontée au Musée Ogier-Fombrun : mise en valeur de l'histoire d'Haïti et sa contribution au monde / Mireille Fombrun -- La contribution de la Direction des affaires culturelles à la transmission des savoirs à travers l'action culturelle et les actions d'éducation artistique et culturelle / Elie Toussaint -- Enseigner le patrimoine de l'esclavage par la pédagogie de projets / Christelle Popotte et Karine Sitcharn -- "Que vous ont-ils fait pour que vous les laissiez dans un tel état de dénuement" / Jean-Luc Romana -- Le village international du ka, des tambours et arts du sud : du mémoriel à l'économique / Jacqueline Jacqueray -- La construction de sites mémoriels avec les noms des esclaves, en France Hexagonale, en Guadeloupe et en Afrique : l'expérience du CM98 / Emmanuel Gordien

The purpose of this article is to map the scientific literature on the topic environmental uncertainty in international databases ProQuest and EBSCO providing results on the state of the art of this subject and the characteristics of scientific papers published. The method used was bibliometrics, being investigated 97 items from a universe of 1.194. All of the works comprised the period from 1975 to 2010. The results suggest that: a) during the period examined different social networks of researchers and institutions were formed to study this issue, b) the work of Duncan (1972), although it's been nearly four decades of its publication, it continues to influence the formulation variables for the measurement of environmental uncertainty, and c) the research on environmental uncertainty has received over the years other terminologies and methodologies. It was observed that the studies were applied in various business segments, always aiming to minimize the environmental turbulence and thereby maximizing organizational results. This research also revealed that the way to measure them cannot be normalized, since each segment is facing a different environment several variables (customers, suppliers, competitors, society, politics, government actions, among others). ; O objetivo deste artigo é mapear a produção científica sobre o tema incerteza ambiental nas bases de dados internacionais ProQuest e EBSCO, fornecendo resultados sobre o assunto, bem como as características dos trabalhos científicos já publicados. O método utilizado foi a bibliometria, sendo investigados 97 artigos de um universo de 1.194. Os trabalhos analisados compreenderam o período de 1975 a 2010. Os resultados sugerem que: a) durante o período analisado, diversas redes sociais de pesquisadores e instituições se formaram para estudar esse tema; b) o trabalho de Ducan (1972), embora tenham se passado quase quatro décadas da sua publicação, continua influenciando a formulação de variáveis para a mensuração da incerteza ambiental; e c) a pesquisa sobre incerteza ambiental recebeu, no decorrer dos anos, outras terminologias e metodologias. Observou-se que os estudos foram aplicados nos mais diversos segmentos empresariais, sempre objetivando minimizar as turbulências ambientais e com isso maximizar os resultados organizacionais. Esta pesquisa revelou, ainda, que a forma para a sua mensuração não pode ser normatizada, visto que cada segmento se depara com um ambiente diferente e com variáveis diversas (clientes, fornecedores, concorrentes, sociedade, política, ações governamentais, entre outras).

Treeline areas provide a range of ecosystem services, but there are diverging views as to how and for whose benefit, these ecosystem services are managed. Applying a Q-method, we explore experts' attitudes towards forest related decision-making and governance in treeline areas to reveal the attitudinal divergences that exist and analyse patterns of shared assumptions forming attitude-related communities. Experiences, trends, opportunities and challenges in European treeline area decision-making are considered. Our results reveal four attitude-related communities, representing four distinctive types of expert attitudes. Findings demonstrate a number of similarities in attitudes among experts indicating, for example, that treeline area decision-making is hardly socially innovative as it tends to happen in a top-down manner. However, some do and others don't see tree-line governance beneficial from an ecological perspective. The attitudinal heterogeneity identified offers insights into treeline decision-making and could, therefore, be useful to public decision-makers in addressing the opinions of each attitudinal group on a case-by-case basis. The general conclusions are that forest related decision-making in treeline areas requires social innovation and a high level of stakeholder competence and capacity-building; and that an improved knowledge of experts' attitudes, together with an emphasis on increased participation in decision-making, could be of help to policy and practice communities in triggering innovative changes locally.

Este artigo pretende analisar o relacionamento entre o Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), desenvolvido pela OCDE e o Índice de Desenvolvimento de Educação Básica (IDEB), desenvolvido peloINEP. Os sistemas educativos atuais estão sujeitos a programas de avaliação estandardizada em nível nacional e internacional. Esse processo é resultado da implementação da Nova Gestão Publica (NGP) que no Brasil começa a ser introduzido a partir dos anos noventa (Oliveira 2015). Nesse contexto os dados estatísticos assumem um papel relevante como instrumento do governo da política pública (Foucault, 2004a; Désrosiéres, 2014).Este texto apresentará de forma sumária o desenvolvimento histórico do PISA e do IDEB, como se relacionam - do ponto de vista estatístico-metodológico e político - e como essas dinâmicas influenciam a política educacional do país. ; This article analyses the relationship between the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)designed by OECD and the Index of Development of Basic Education (IDEB), designed by INEP. Currently, educational systems are subjected to implement national and international standard assessments. This process is the result of the New Public Management (NPM) policy implementation, which in Brazil starts at the beginning of the nineties. In this context, statistical data play a relevant role as a government policy tool. This work presents the development of PISA and IDEB, how they relate - from a statistical, methodological and political perspective, and how these dynamics influence the Brazilian educational policy.

Access to potable water is absolutely essential to the maintenance of life, as well as to provide regular exercise of other human rights. The lack of access to water in sufficient quantity or access to non-potable water may cause serious and irreparable damage to people. This paper investigates the evolution of international and national recognition of this fundamental human right, whether implicit or explicit. This was accomplished by the study of international human rights treaties, bibliographic information on water resources and their corresponding legal systems, national and international. The results suggest that sustainable access to drinking water is a fundamental human right in the context of international relations and the State. Further, even without explicitly stating this right in the Constitution of 1988, Brazil has incorporated the main international provisions on the subject, but this right must be acknowledged according to the principles of non-typical fundamental rights and the dignity of the human person. This right should be universally guaranteed by the Government in sufficient quantity and quality, regardless of the economic resources of individuals. ; Access to potable water is absolutely essential to the maintenance of life, as well as to provide regular exercise of other human rights. The lack of access to water in sufficient quantity or access to non-potable water may cause serious and irreparable damage to people. This paper investigates the evolution of international and national recognition of this fundamental human right, whether implicit or explicit. This was accomplished by the study of international human rights treaties, bibliographic information on water resources and their corresponding legal systems, national and international. The results suggest that sustainable access to drinking water is a fundamental human right in the context of international relations and the State. Further, even without explicitly stating this right in the Constitution of 1988, Brazil has incorporated the main international provisions on the subject, but this right must be acknowledged according to the principles of non-typical fundamental rights and the dignity of the human person. This right should be universally guaranteed by the Government in sufficient quantity and quality, regardless of the economic resources of individuals. ; O acesso à água potável é absolutamente fundamental para a manutenção da vida, além de propiciar o regular exercício dos demais direitos humanos. A falta de acesso à água em quantidade suficiente ou o acesso à água não potável causam sérios e irremediáveis danos às pessoas. Este trabalho tem por objetivo geral investigar a evolução internacional e nacional no reconhecimento desse direito humano fundamental, sejam previsões implícitas ou explícitas sobre o assunto. O método utilizado foi o acesso aos tratados internacionais sobre direitos humanos, acervo bibliográfico a respeito dos recursos hídricos e seu ordenamento jurídico correspondente, internacional e nacional. Como principais resultados encontrados podem-se destacar que o acesso sustentável à água potável é um direito humano fundamental no âmbito das relações internacionais e no Estado brasileiro; que o Brasil incorporou as principais disposições internacionais a respeito do tema, porém sem fazer constar explicitamente na Magna Carta de 1988 o acesso à água potável como direito humano fundamental, mesmo assim deve ser reconhecido diante dos princípios da não tipicidade dos direitos fundamentais e da dignidade da pessoa humana; que esse direito deve ser garantido pelo poder público em quantidade suficiente e qualidade adequada de modo universal e sem que questões econômicas sejam obstáculos à sua efetivação.

The objective of this article is to analyze the experiment of international education as an instrument of soft power in the foreign policy of Dilma`s Rousseff government. It will be analyzed the context of action of the Itamaraty and the new players that have come to have an important contribution to foreign policy. We conclude that the foreign policy of the Dilma`s government, even though it has used international education as one of its foreign policy instruments, failed to implement soft power with a clear intention in the strategic scope of international insertion of the country. ; El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el ensayo de la educación internacional como instrumento de soft power en la política exterior del gobierno Dilma Rousseff. Para ello se analizará el contexto de acción de Itamaraty y de los nuevos actores que pasaron a tener una importante contribución a la política exterior. Se concluye que la política exterior del gobierno Dilma aunque se utilizó de la educación internacional como uno de sus instrumentos de política exterior, no llegó a implementar el soft power con una intención clara en el ámbito estratégico de inserción internacional del país. ; O objetivo desse artigo é analisar o ensaio da educação internacional como instrumento de soft power na política externa do governo Dilma Rousseff. Para isso se analisará o contexto de ação do Itamaraty e dos novos atores que passaram a ter uma importante contribuição para a política externa. Conclui-se que a política externa do governo Dilma ainda que tenha se utilizado da educação internacional como um de seus instrumentos de política externa, não chegou a implementar o soft power com uma intenção clara no âmbito estratégico de inserção internacional do país.

Este artigo propõe discutir o processo de alinhamento entre o conceito de "cultura" e a matriz discursiva do desenvolvimento dentro do contexto histórico de transformação dos modos de regulação do capitalismo global na segunda metade do século XX. Primeiramente, pretende-se apontar para o vínculo entre cultura e economia no interior do debate sobre as indústrias criativas. Posteriormente, a partir da análise de uma série de documentos da UNESCO, busca-se rastrear as estratégias discursivas para legitimar o princípio da diversidade cultural no âmbito da cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento. Por fim, recorre-se a um documento foco - Nairobi Plan of Action -, amparado por uma intertextualidade documental relacionada, a partir do qual será possível compreender o protocolo de disseminação dos modelos prescritivos das indústrias criativas mundo afora.

The European Union set up an experiment in international relations that arouses the most varied reactions, going from extreme euphoria to nationalist xenophobia. This feeling of confusion is due not only to the wide range of issues that are embraced nor the organic complexity of the institution, but, principally, to superficial analysis emanating from the traditional doctrine, which still stubbornly lies on the surface, focusing in the appearance of international phenomena, without entering into its real concrete and full essence. Thus, in order to develop a consistent study is fundamental to understand European integration in their most hidden aspects, without disregarding their political and legal form, but up to them until unravelling the reality of its political economy. Up to this point it is possible to understand which lesson could be extracted from European experience to South American reality.