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This is a review of the second volume of A. Battler's "Mirology". The author presents a critical analysis of theories of international relations in Western, Japanese, Chinese, Soviet and Russian science. Battler's theoretical research focuses on the analysis of the problem of power in international relations, progress and agency. Special attention is paid to the political economy of international relations. ; В рецензии анализируется второй том работы А. Бэттлера «Мирология» (Бэттлер А. Мирология. Прогресс и сила в мировых отношениях. М. : ИТРК, 2015. Т. II. Борьба всех против всех. 672 с.). Отмечается авторский критический анализ теорий международных отношений в западной, японской, китайской, советской и российской науке. Центральное место в теоретической разработке самого А. Бэттлера занимает анализ проблемы силы в международных отношениях, прогресса и субъектности. Особое внимание уделяется политэкономии международных отношений.

The given research paper presents an attempt to analyze the Caspian region from the point of view of its cross-border specifics. In contrast to the traditional understanding of the Caspian region as the region of heightened geopolitical significance the authors analyze its peculiarities and potential in the context of the cross-border cooperation dynamics. It is especially emphasized that the Caspian region may be considered as a cross-border region which, despite the substantial similarities is different from international transnational regions. The authors focus attention on a key contradiction of the Caspian region. On the one hand, national interests and foreign policy of the states-members of the Caspian region (Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan) have a national country and regional importance, since their implementation will form an effective regional security system. On the other hand, the Caspian region attracts the attention of the world powers, becoming a subject of their interest, as it is of great importance for world energy markets and has status of a transit zone between Europe and Asia. For Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan the Caspian status is combined with their most important characteristic of post-Soviet states - shared long historical stage of development within the Soviet Union. The article distinguished and analyzed four main periods of establishment of cross-border cooperation in the Caspian region. The national specificity of modernization reforms in all the countries of the Caspian region have interrelations with further development of cross-border cooperation, the priority of that performs convergence of Caspian states on a number of strategic issues, including economic cooperation and security. (author's abstract)

The aim of this paper is to show the possibility of crafting a new theoretical model of international migration that would enable researchers to take into account the political settings of the early 21st century. In order to do so, the author firstly critically examines the mainstream theories of migration that dominate today's academic literature. As a result of this analysis, it is concluded that, despite of the fact that many of the proposed theoretical approaches are quite useful for understanding certain aspects of the migration process, when it comes to the task of analyzing international migration as a whole, no conceptual model exists. The paper demonstrates that apart from the theories that are focusing on only one of migration's dimensions, albeit the most significant from a particular disciplinary perspective, the introduction of a general model is a necessary step to reach a better understanding of the nature of contemporary migration processes. The author argues that such a model can be constructed using the theory of structural violence proposed by Johan Galtung and the concepts of human development and human security.

The article deals with the maritime education as industry!based staff training. Within the framework of Russian higher education system, industry!based education should not be considered as secondary or peripheral. Training of personnel for shipping industry is carried out on the basis of the national standards and in compliance with the requirements of the International Marine Organization, which is a part of the United Nations Organization. Integration of the maritime education into the world practice had started long before the Bologna system implementation, which is viewed sometimes as an access to European standards. Training of personnel for shipping industry in different countries is based on international and national standards. The organizations uniting the international maritime educational community are the World Maritime University in Malmö, Sweden, International Association of Maritime Universities, International Maritime Lecturers Association and regular conferences on shipping safety. Maritime education aims at the implementation of the state obligations inasmuch international conventions are ratified by the Russian government. ; В статье рассматривается морское образование как отраслевое направление подготовки кадров. Подготовка кадров для флота осуществляется на основе национальных стандартов при обязательном выполнении требований Международной морской организации, которая входит в структуру ООН. Интеграция морского образования с мировой практикой подготовки кадров началась намного раньше введения в нашей стране болонской системы, которую рассматривают иногда как допуск к европейским стандартам. Подготовка кадров для флота в различных странах имеет основу в виде международных и национальных стандартов. Организациями, объединяющими международное морское образовательное сообщество, являются Всемирный морской университет в г. Мальме (Швеция), Международная ассоциация морских университетов, Международная ассоциация морских лекторов. Ту же задачу решают и систематические конференции по вопросам ...

The article deals with the problem of intellectual migration (exodus of the highly-skilled personnel, especially in the ield of science and technology), in relation to the three emerging economies: China, India and Russia. A brief historical outline of policy in relation to the "brain drain" is presented, and the experience of the three above-mentioned countries in the ield of intellectual migration management is compared. The basic timeframe of the study is from 1990s to the mid-late 2000s, with some remarks about past decades and future prospects. Among the three examples of migration management the Chinese experience seems more systematical and includes a wide range of instruments for reversing the "brain drain" process. Indian "talent circulation" policy is more fragmented, despite obvious efforts of the government to put it in the strict conceptual framework. In the Russian Federation the "brain drain" policy is yet in the making, and range of appropriate instruments for "circulation of talents" management is to be developed. The inal conclusion is that the dynamics of perception of the "brain drain" phenomenon is generally of a similar character in all three cases: an initial negative attitude and attempts to restrict intellectual migration change over time to the recognition of the "brain drain" inevitability and the transition to a "talent circulation" policy begins, i. e., the using of intellectual diaspora resources for development of the national economy and S&T system.

The harmful impact of criminalization on social and economic institutions, violence that tends to increase both in the real world and cyberspace as well as growing transnational crime produce the demand for reliable data on the current state and statistical assessment of this phenomenon for comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to its sustainability. So, intensive international efforts aimed at developing common approaches to confront crime are of paramount importance. It is argued that the problem solution requires the international preventive cooperation for the urgent creation of the UNO-sponsored information resources – a data bank on the crime rates in the world, its separate regions and countries, and the appropriate judiciary activities on the basis of the comparable international classification of crimes for statistical purposes. Having analyzed the international statistical conventions, regulations and our predecessors' research results, we found out that initially the issue of comparable crime statistics in different countries was referred to as both theoretical and practical. The growing urgency of this problem was acknowledged by the United Nations, and in 1951 the idea to develop a «standard classification of offenses» was put forward. The UNO Social Commission stressed the importance of its preparation, so that «the governments could submit statistical reports on crime within the standard timeframe». The demand for methodological standards such as the international classification of crimes for statistical purposes (the classifier) unanimously recognized by the international community became relevant. With the set invariance of the quantitative component of the statistical method taken into account, the objective (qualitative) component lays a cornerstone for the development of a standard classifier of crimes followed by its practical implementation in the UNO member states. The concluding issues cover the notion of classification both as a core element in the development of the statistical data program that ensures comparability of statistical data, and its properties in relation to the international classification of crimes for statistical purposes, as well as its qualitative features, goals, objectives and principles. Attention is drawn to the fact that the countries are required to consider the same version of the standard classifier for adjusting their national classifications to the draft classifier which is under discussion by the international community. Specific proposals are made to improve the draft classifier taking into account the peculiarities of national criminal law and legal acts that regulate the organization of statistical activities. ; Угрожающая криминализация социально-экономических институтов, неблагоприятные тенденции роста насилия в реальном и виртуальном мире, преступность, имеющая транснациональный характер, обусловливают потребность знания подлинного состояния дел, оценки статистических параметров этого явления, представления целостной картины факторов его несокрушимости. В силу этого активизация интернациональной деятельности, направленной на выработку общих подходов противостояния преступности, приобретает первостепенное значение. Обосновывается тезис о том, что разрешение обозначенной проблемы требует профильного сотрудничества, объединения усилий всех стран в целях безотлагательного формирования под эгидой ООН информационного ресурса (Банка данных) о показателях преступности в мире, его отдельных регионах и странах, и деятельности органов правосудия на этом направлении, на основе адекватно сопоставимой международной классификации преступлений для статистических целей. На основе анализа материалов Международных статистических конгрессов, нормативных правовых актов и результатов научных исследований наших предшественников установлено, что изначально вопрос сопоставимости статистических данных о преступности разных стран решался не только теоретически, но и практически. Растущая актуальность данной проблемы привлекла внимание ООН. В 1951 г. появилась идея разработки «стандартной классификации правонарушений». Социальная комиссия ООН подчеркнула важность ее подготовки с тем, чтобы «правительства могли представлять статистические отчеты о преступности в стандартные сроки». Актуализировалась востребованность методологических стандартов, в частности, международной классификации преступлений для статистических целей (классификатора), необходимость разработки которой сегодня безоговорочно признается международным сообществом. Учитывая заданную инвариантность количественной составляющей статистического метода, краеугольным камнем разработки стандартного классификатора преступлений, его последующей имплементации в практику государств – членов ООН, является предметная (качественная) составляющая. В завершение рассматриваются содержательные вопросы классификации вообще как важнейшей составной части программы разработки статистических материалов, обеспечивающей сопоставимость статистических данных, так и ее особенностей применительно к международной классификации преступлений для статистических целей; ее признаки (качественные), цели, задачи, принципы. Обращается внимание на то, что гармонизация национальных классификаторов в целях их унификации с обсуждаемым мировым сообществом его проектом вызывает настоятельную необходимость рассмотрения указанными странами одинаковых версий стандартного классификатора. Вносятся конкретные предложения, направленные на совершенствование проекта классификатора с учетом особенностей национального уголовного законодательства и нормативных правовых актов, регулирующих организацию статистической деятельности.

The author of the article analyzes the role of ideology in the modern world, underpinning his theses by historical examples, as well as posits the existence of the powerful Western ideology of "democracy", which is transforming into international ideocratic system infl uencing all facets of human life. Taking into consideration the theoretical approaches of prominent political scientists and sociologists, the author analyzes critically analyzes modern Western ideocracy and its interdependence with the age of information, globalization and postmodern cultural development. The article emphasizes the concept of normal state" and studies the role of Russia in these processes. ; В настоящей статье автор предлагает не только анализ роли идеологии в современном мире, проводя в подтверждение своих тезисов и исторические параллели, но и доказывает существование мощной идеологии «демократизма» Запада, которая стала превращаться в международную идеократическую систему, оказывая мощное влияние на все сферы человеческой жизни. Опираясь на подходы известных политологов и социологов, автор предлагает критический анализ современной западной идеократии, ее связи с веком информации и глобализации, развитием современной культуры. Особое внимание в статье также уделяется концепции «нормального государственного строя» и месту России в этих условиях.

The article deals with the complex and controversial problems of the new regional communities' formation and the impact of the interethnic relations sphere on them. The author notes that the processes of interaction between representatives of different cultures and civilizations, ethnic groups and religions have become increasingly controversial and tense in the context of continuous social dynamics. Similarly to the Russian society as a whole, regional communities are in a state of transitivity. They get transformed, they acquire new qualities such as multicasting and heterogeneity, multi-ethnicity and multi-confessionalism, fragmentarity and multiculturality.

This fact increases the risks and uncertainties, problematizes future prospects. National non-governmental organizations are increasingly positioning themselves as civil society institutions at the present stage of social development at the regional level. They perform a difficult dual task: on the one hand, they ensure the preservation and development of history, native language, culture, ethnic traditions, and on the other hand, they work on the integration, on the common identity and the Russian nation formation.

On the territory of the Volgograd region, largely due to the active cooperation of regional authorities and local authorities with national public associations, international and inter-confessional relations are stable. The basis of such activity is respect for history, native language, culture, tradition, religion, national dignity of all people in the region, regardless of their belonging to a certain ethnic group or religion. Over two decades of accumulated considerable experience of joint inter-ethnic dialogue and cooperation, provided tolerance and peace, harmony and mutual understanding between people of different ethnicities and religions in the country.

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Abstract: The processes of fragmentation (regionalization and localization) and globalization turn the state as the basic system forming element of the state-centric world political system into the component of the world political network. The political relations between actors of the world political network are ruled by the effectiveness and not by legitimacy ("victory rules"), what is different from the participatory principles of interstate relations ("participation rules") accepted by the Westphalian state system. The article argues that the post-Westphalian world political system will witness the clashes between victory rules and participation rules and their eventual coexistence since the very nature of the victory rules hinders its institutionalization, consolidation and legitimation. The article suggests that the new system of state relations regardless of the name will be not less Westphalian than the preceding one thus new participation rules will have to be formulated and codified. ; Аннотация: Процессы фрагментации (регионализации и локализации) и глобализации превращают государство из основного системообразующего элемента государственно-центричной мировой политической системы в компонент всемирной политической сети. В международно-политических отношениях акторов всемирной политической сети действуют правила повышения эффективности, а не легитимности («правила победы»), отличающиеся от «правил участия», принятых в Вестфальской системе взаимодействия современных государств. Для поствестфальской мировой политической системы будут характерны столкновение и сосуществование правил победы с правилами участия, так как природа правил победы препятствует институциональному оформления, правовому закреплению и легитимации этих правил. Автор утверждает, что новая система взаимодействия государств независимо от названия, которое она получит, будет столь же Вестфальской, как и все предшествующие, и для этой системы межгосударственного взаимодействия необходимо сформулировать и кодифицировать новые правила участия.

Article is dedicated to analysis of international organizations and transnational unions in economic development of the three regions - European Union, Near East, Latin America. Process of economic and cultural integration, spreading throughout the last three decades, has led to emergence of the new social picture of the world in which inequality is seen not through separate societies but in global perspective - as the inequality between countries and regions. International organizations, that implement coordinating and integrating functions, are the core elements in understanding the process of transnational differentiation. ; Статья посвящена анализу роли межгосударственных организаций и транснациональных объединений в развитии экономического пространства трех регионов - Европейского союза, Ближнего Востока и Латинской Америки. Процесс экономической, политической и культурной интеграции, быстро развивающийся в последние три десятилетия, породил новую социальную картину мира, в которой проблема неравенства рассматривается не с точки зрения отдельных обществ, а с точки зрения глобальной перспективы - как неравенство между странами и регионами. Наднациональные организации, выполняющие координирующую и интегрирующую функции, являются центральными элементами в понимании процесса межгосударственной дифференциации.

Cracks in the System: World Economy Under Stress"" explores the rapidly changing institutional and policymaking landscape around a financial crisis that now threatens a deep and prolonged global recession. The lead article looks at how the world got into the mess and what to do about it, both now and over the medium term. Other articles review options for changing the rules of world finance, examine the case for modernizing the way countries coordinate their policies, and try to draw some lessons from past financial crises. The ""other crisis"" of high food and fuel prices is also assessed, as