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The article highlights norms and provisions of international legal documents within such international organization as the League of Nations, the United Nations Organization, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe, the Organization of American States and the Organization of African Unity (African Union) in terms of means and procedures for the peaceful settlement of disputes. Conventions, declarations, resolutions, protocols, statutes, charters, treaties and other acts can be found among these international legal documents from all continents all over the world. In the process of studying the international legal acts, there are analysed provisions stipulating the use of means and procedures for the peaceful settlement of international disputes. There are also described characteristic features of applying these tools and mechanisms. Besides, it is conducted an analysis of their peculiarities and perspectives for use in practice. Despite a wide range of instruments and mechanisms available for the peaceful settlement of disputes, number of conflicts all over the world is increasing. It may say about their ineffectiveness or about a necessity to develop new concepts, new ideas, new approaches to understanding of conflict and ways of its solution. All peaceful instruments include application of negotiations. Along with that, negotiations as a method to resolve a dispute are not fully discovered and updated. There are no strict and generally recognised rules of conducting negotiations, what participants of negotiations should comply with and what is allowed or not allowed to do while convincing. Researchers of the peaceful settlement of disputes agree on effectiveness and reasonableness of engaging the third, neutral party for dispute resolution. It can be an objective remedy in terms of impartiality and fairness. One more aspect which is taken into account more and more often is prevention. That is to take corresponding measures in advance. When the situation is at the ...

The nature of cooperation regularly changes under pressure from new calls and threats between the actors of international relations. By means of system analysis and comparison methods, the article discloses the basic theoretical approaches to understanding of the "new world order" phenomenon, which as a result turns into a comprehensive globalization. The article summarizes the modern trends of forming the XXI century international reality, taking into account new actors, their influence on stability and variability of the imperious systems, and analyzes in detail the concepts of modern scientists who form an international discourse on the search for a new paradigm of world order. The study identifies the main characteristics of the world order – legitimacy, the mechanism of change and balance of power. The key shortcomings of the post-war world order have been identified, which include the lack of effectiveness of international organizations at various levels in ensuring the principle of sovereignty for states, respect for borders; imbalance of economic growth between nations; lack of effective sanctions against violators of international law and ensuring the universal rights of citizens; discredited democratic political model, which was recognized as dominant in the post-bipolar era, and so on. Accordingly, there were considered modern approaches to a "new world order" formation, as a result of which it was proposed to take into account the new realities of interdependence that determine the future peaceful coexistence of nations – a balance between freedom of national actors action and international law; balance between legitimacy and power; balance between "regional order" and "international". In general, the international discourse on the search for the "new world order" boundaries is common in the construction of the XXI century multipolar world, the importance of consensus between nations and the legitimacy of new rules for all actors in international relations.

International processes and phenomena transformation, political processes modernization, globalization of all public life, the priority of foreign policy activities to promote both Ukraine and other countries' interests in the world, and the innovativeness of the international interaction tools determine the actualization of the study of the international specialists' of skills and knowledge of foreign language communication and translation importance, aimed at ensuring international interaction and the formation of long-term formal and informal ties between government institutions, international actors, diplomatic institutions and political leaders in order to implement political, economic, security, cultural, social and humanitarian initiatives and projects, as well as to improve the management processes of institutions, both internal and external coordination, improving the state's image in the international arena. The purpose of the article is to study the role of foreign language communication and translation skills and their importance in implementing foreign policy. The research methodology is complex. It is determined by the specifics of the subject of research, its purpose and objectives, as well as an interdisciplinary approach to the research problem. The study concluded that the professional activities of international relations specialists, diplomats, and international actors are a field of international communication, including policies, problems and events of public and state life, and languages spoken in different countries require solutions to bridge the linguistic gap, arising in the implementation of external international relations.

Problem setting. The modern world continues to consider military power as one o f the most important tools for solving foreign policy problems. However, it is not an extraordinary option or a last resort in the range o f possible shares. Military power has become a widely used tool along with political and diplomatic actions. The decision to use military power is made by world actors based on their own understanding o f their national interests and the appropriateness o f its use, even without a UN resolution. Thus, the issue o f the study o f military power as a tool in international relations becomes relevant. Recent research and publications analysis. Consideration o f certain issues o f military strength aspects is reflected in the works o f R. Aron, O. Bodruk, A. Gramsci, R. Keohein, Н. Morgenthau, J. Nye, V. Smolyanyuk, Р. Taylor, A. Toffler, M. Trebin, K. Waltz, I. Wallerstein, S. Huntington and others. However, in modern conditions, the issue o f the use o f military power in international relations requires a new rethinking, especially in the context o f systemic changes in world society. Paper objective. The purpose o f this article is to analyze some aspects o f the use o f military power in international relations. Paper main body. The article reveals some aspects o f the use o f military power in international relations. The essence o f the military power o f the state, the forms and tasks o f its use are revealed.The article examines some aspects o f the use o f military power in international relations. The essence o f the military power o f the state, forms and tasks o f its application are revealed. It is highlighted that the simplest scenario o f the state's transition to military actions and in the international arena is the threat o f the use offorce demonstrated by it (explicit - hidden, real - conditional); A more complex type o f use o f military power remains armed violence - direct physical influence on the opposite side by means ofarmed struggle for the purpose o f its destruction or ...

This article is devoted to the conflict of law rules of the international contract of sale, analysis and identification of problems of the conflict method of legal regulation. The main sources of legal regulation of international purchase and sale of goods, both at the international and national levels, are studied. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the application of the norms of the Vienna Convention of 1980 to relations under the contract of international sale, as well as its interaction with domestic regulations. Attention is paid to the problems of harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with European and international law in the field of legal regulation of the contract of sale.The general concept and characteristics of this agreement, as well as the features of its conclusion. Withit also the practical problems which should be considered in the course of contractual work, first of all definition of the moment of the conclusion of contracts and the beginning of action of the international agreement of purchase and sale of the goods in modern conditions of development of the state are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the essential terms of the international sale agreement, the scope of this agreement, its stages of conclusion developed measures on the feasibility of regulation at the level of the Civil Code of Ukraine provisions related to establishing requirements for the principle of close communication, determining the time of the agreement, "Law of the place of the act", issues related to the conclusion of the so-called. "Agreement between the absent" (conclusion of the contract by teletype, fax, telephone, etc.), the form and content of the international contract of sale. The current state, patterns of development of conflict of law regulation in order to identify the most optimal ways to resolve conflict issues in the relevant field. It is also noted that each state in its own way carries out the legal regulation of relations, so there are conflicts between the substantive law of different ...

The article deals with the peculiarities and importance of diplomacy in the mechanism of international territorial disputes settlement by analyzing the results of scientific research and the legal framework. Diplomatic means of resolving international territorial disputes have been found to include so-called "reconciliation facilities", including negotiations, consultations, investigative and conciliation commissions, mediation, good services, etc. It has been established that diplomatic means are determined by the fact that the parties to the dispute independently "control" the dispute and may accept or reject the proposed mechanism of dispute settlement. It has been found that negotiation is the simplest, most convenient and acceptable means for the parties to an international dispute. They represent the process of finding disputes by the parties themselves by establishing direct contact and reaching an agreement between them. It has been established that consultations are a type of negotiation. They are used to continue the established contacts. Consultations are sought when negotiations need to be resumed in the light of emerging circumstances. It has been found that another type of regulation of international territorial disputes is the institution of peaceful settlement through the use of good services, which are a set of international legal norms that regulate the activities of third countries or international organizations for the purpose of their own initiative or at the request of are in conflict and aimed at establishing or renewing direct negotiations. It has been found that situations sometimes arise when the essence of the conflict is reduced to a different understanding of the factual circumstances that gave rise to the dispute. In such a case, the conclusion of investigative and conciliation commissions may be accelerated. "Virtual" diplomacy has been singled out as a kind of diplomatic way of resolving international territorial disputes, which is of ancillary character. It is emphasized that ...

This article is devoted to the study of the legal regulation of international adoption in Ukraine. This article analyzes the content of the main regulations governing the implementation of international adoption. The key differences between international adoption and adoption within the state are identified. This study focuses on international agreements in the field of international adoption, as they regulate this issue in the most detail and ensure well-established, effective cooperation between member states. The state of national legislation of Ukraine in the field of international adoption is analyzed, in particular in terms of bringing it in line with international agreements that establish the principles of adoption, as well as establish guarantees of children's rights in the adoption procedure. Given that Ukraine has identified a vector for ratification of the Convention on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption, the article examines its mechanisms and safeguards to avoid a number of negative phenomena that occur in the field of international adoption. The article presents statistics that indicate that the adoption of children from Ukraine is numerous among foreigners, which confirms the need to pay special attention to international adoption. The most acute problems in the field of international adoption and ways to solve them have been identified. Thus, it is established that currently the legislation of Ukraine does not provide effective mechanisms to prevent the abduction and sale of children under the guise of international adoption. To combat this problem, the Convention on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption establishes a number of rules that must be followed in the implementation of international adoption, which confirms the importance of acceding to this agreement. There is also a lack of legal regulation, which is the lack of proper socio-psychological assessment of the child's readiness for adoption. Attention ...

The article is devoted to the analysis of legal, medical, moral and ethical aspects of the principle of donor anonymity. The principle of anonymity has a legal framework and appropriate regulation in international documents. These are: Directive on standards of quality and safety of human organs intended for transplantation, WHO Guiding Principles on Human Cell, Tissue and Organ Transplantation, Convention for the protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine: Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine and the Additional Protocol etc. This principle is the basis of the legislative regulation of donation in many countries, including Ukraine. The normative approaches to the legal regulation of donation and the principle of anonymity in accordance with national legislation are investigated. The Law of Ukraine "On the Application of Transplantation of Anatomical Materials to Man" bylaws and the application of the principle of anonymity depending on the type of donation: posthumous and lifetime are analyzed. The international experience of applying the principle of anonymity is characterized. The principle of absolute anonymity is enshrined, in particular, in the legislation of the Netherlands, Sweden. Accordingly, such regulatory approaches exclude any contact between the donor and the recipient. According to the principle of conditional anonymity (in particular, the United States and the United Kingdom), the exchange of information between the donor and the recipient is permitted, surely at the will. The advantages and disadvantages of direct communication between the donor and the recipient are described. The expediency of applying the principle of conditional anonymity in national practice is substantiated regarding moral, ethical, and psychological aspects. In order to implement this, it is proposed to consolidate the right of the donor and the recipient to approve or deny the data exchange at the legislative level. It is suggested to assign the appropriate functions aimed at facilitating the parties' interaction to the transplant coordinator.

The article is devoted to the analysis of legal, medical, moral and ethical aspects of the principle of donor anonymity. The principle of anonymity has a legal framework and appropriate regulation in international documents. These are: Directive on standards of quality and safety of human organs intended for transplantation, WHO Guiding Principles on Human Cell, Tissue and Organ Transplantation, Convention for the protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine: Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine and the Additional Protocol etc. This principle is the basis of the legislative regulation of donation in many countries, including Ukraine. The normative approaches to the legal regulation of donation and the principle of anonymity in accordance with national legislation are investigated. The Law of Ukraine "On the Application of Transplantation of Anatomical Materials to Man" bylaws and the application of the principle of anonymity depending on the type of donation: posthumous and lifetime are analyzed. The international experience of applying the principle of anonymity is characterized. The principle of absolute anonymity is enshrined, in particular, in the legislation of the Netherlands, Sweden. Accordingly, such regulatory approaches exclude any contact between the donor and the recipient. According to the principle of conditional anonymity (in particular, the United States and the United Kingdom), the exchange of information between the donor and the recipient is permitted, surely at the will. The advantages and disadvantages of direct communication between the donor and the recipient are described. The expediency of applying the principle of conditional anonymity in national practice is substantiated regarding moral, ethical, and psychological aspects. In order to implement this, it is proposed to consolidate the right of the donor and the recipient to approve or deny the data exchange at the legislative level. It is suggested to assign the appropriate functions aimed at facilitating the parties' interaction to the transplant coordinator.

The dissertation is devoted to the generalization and systematization of theoretical and methodological principles and the development of scientific and practical recommendations for the transformation of international commodity markets in conditions of reforming international trade policy.Section 1 «Theoretical foundations of the transformation of international commodity markets in conditions of reforming international trade policy» improved the definition of the genesis of theories and research models of the international commodity markets transformations on the basis of logical and consistent evolution with regard to their relevance to modern architecture of international trade.In Section 2 «Analysis of the transformation of international commodity markets in conditions of reforming international trade policy», the author improved the algorithm for studying the impact of international trade policy on structural changes in global commodity markets.Section 3 «Directions of transformation of the national commodity market in conditions of reforming international trade policy» provides a comprehensive assessment of the degree of influence of trade and political means of regulating international trade of Ukraine's main partners on the formation of its foreign trade balance, as a result of which the optimal tariff conditions and vectors of the country's foreign trade policy in the agricultural market in relation to China, Turkey, the EU and Saudi Arabia. ; Дисертаційну роботу присвячено узагальненню та систематизації теоретико-методичних засад та розробці науково-практичних рекомендацій щодо трансформації міжнародних товарних ринків в умовах реформування міжнародної торговельної політики.У розділі 1 «Теоретичні засади трансформації міжнародних товарних ринків в умовах реформування міжнародної торговельної політики» удосконалено визначення напрямів генезису теорій і моделей дослідження трансформацій міжнародних товарних ринків за ознакою логіко-послідовної еволюції з урахуванням їх релевантності по відношенню до сучасної архітектоніки міжнародної торгівлі/У розділі 2 «Аналіз трансформації міжнародних товарних ринків в умовах реформування міжнародної торговельної політики» автором удосконалено алгоритм дослідження впливу заходів міжнародної торговельної політики на структурні зрушення на глобальних ринках товарівУ розділі 3 «Напрями трансформації національного товарного ринку в умовах реформування міжнародної торговельної політики» дана комплексна оцінка ступеня впливу торговельно-політичних засобів регулювання міжнародної торгівлі основних партнерів України на формування її зовнішньоторговельного балансу.

The dissertation is devoted to the generalization and systematization of theoretical and methodological principles and the development of scientific and practical recommendations for the transformation of international commodity markets in conditions of reforming international trade policy.Section 1 «Theoretical foundations of the transformation of international commodity markets in conditions of reforming international trade policy» improved the definition of the genesis of theories and research models of the international commodity markets transformations on the basis of logical and consistent evolution with regard to their relevance to modern architecture of international trade.In Section 2 «Analysis of the transformation of international commodity markets in conditions of reforming international trade policy», the author improved the algorithm for studying the impact of international trade policy on structural changes in global commodity markets.Section 3 «Directions of transformation of the national commodity market in conditions of reforming international trade policy» provides a comprehensive assessment of the degree of influence of trade and political means of regulating international trade of Ukraine's main partners on the formation of its foreign trade balance, as a result of which the optimal tariff conditions and vectors of the country's foreign trade policy in the agricultural market in relation to China, Turkey, the EU and Saudi Arabia. ; Дисертаційну роботу присвячено узагальненню та систематизації теоретико-методичних засад та розробці науково-практичних рекомендацій щодо трансформації міжнародних товарних ринків в умовах реформування міжнародної торговельної політики.У розділі 1 «Теоретичні засади трансформації міжнародних товарних ринків в умовах реформування міжнародної торговельної політики» удосконалено визначення напрямів генезису теорій і моделей дослідження трансформацій міжнародних товарних ринків за ознакою логіко-послідовної еволюції з урахуванням їх релевантності по відношенню до сучасної архітектоніки міжнародної торгівлі/У розділі 2 «Аналіз трансформації міжнародних товарних ринків в умовах реформування міжнародної торговельної політики» автором удосконалено алгоритм дослідження впливу заходів міжнародної торговельної політики на структурні зрушення на глобальних ринках товарівУ розділі 3 «Напрями трансформації національного товарного ринку в умовах реформування міжнародної торговельної політики» дана комплексна оцінка ступеня впливу торговельно-політичних засобів регулювання міжнародної торгівлі основних партнерів України на формування її зовнішньоторговельного балансу.

The analysis attempts to justify a new concept of Ukraine's place in the international security system. According to the results of the study, there was carried out an analysis of the historical preconditions for overcoming the postcolonial factors of the Ukrainian elite. The authors emphasized on the exclusive role of Crimea for the dominant state of the Black Sea region and hypothesized about assigning such a role to Ukraine. The use of the comparative method made it possible to distinguish the mental and behavioral principles of the European, Asian, and African archetype. Ukrainian advantages establish a transition to limiting one's own needs, conscious passionate philanthropy. The normative-value method was used to clarify the historical determinants of Russia's common good. The passionate abilities of the Ukrainian elites were confirmed on the basis of historical regularities, for which the activity method was used. It is recommended to take into account the exceptional importance of the Circumpontian community/civilization, which will eliminate Russia's ambitions within the Black Sea. The regional aspirations of the Russian Federation have faced strong opposition from Turkey and Ukraine in recent years. The European Union's position on Turkey has been described as controversial. Getting rid of a toxic partner competitor of the Russian Federation for the EU will create a new geopolitical reality in which priority will be given to respect for international law. Russia's occupation administrations are pursuing a policy of depletion and destruction in states seeking to break out of its orbit of influence. These were the pro-Russian enclaves of the Black Sea region – Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Donbass, Crimea, Transnistria or Pridnestrian region. The builders of the "Russian world" are planning and implementing a plan for the disintegration of the European community, to which A. Merkel drew attention. It is proposed to change the priorities in relation to the modern system of ineffective security system and ...

Contemporary diplomacy will largely depend on the path to the creation of a new world order. There are different options for the political structure of the world: from the unipolar / multipolar world to the world government. The role of non-state actors will increase in the international arena, while the process of eroding national sovereignty will continue. In this regard, diplomacy faces serious tests of strength, it will have to adapt to current conditions, as well as perform a joint function between state and non-state actors in international relations. Information flows become the levers of governance, namely, socio-economic, socio-political, international processes. Today we can speak of "the emergence of a global information industry that is undergoing a period of technological convergence, organisational combinations, legislative liberalisation, and the role of knowledge, information in economic development, the emergence of new forms of the "electronic" democracy, structural changes in employment". The role of international organisations in international relations has undergone qualitative changes. They have become auxiliary tools for solving particular problems of interaction of sovereign states into a segment of international life. International organisations play an extremely important role in conflict resolution. Conflict prevention is becoming increasingly important in their activities. The mechanism for resolving conflicts by organisations is predominantly political in nature, but it is based on international law.

The article discloses the formation, development and modern state of private international law in the European Union. The concept of "European private international law", including an analysis of the term in a narrow, wide and broadest sense is revealed in the article. The author analyses three main stages in the development of the private international law in the EU, in particular: formation (1957 ‒ 1999); active development ‒ after the entry into force of the Amsterdam Treaty (1999 ‒ 2009); modern period ‒ after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty (2009 ‒ present). This article examines the limits of EU legislation as the source of a single law and highlights the difficulties associated with projects on the codification of private law in the EU. Such an approach may be appropriate in the current state of EU integration if it is limited by the rules of binding contract law and the provisions of private international law. Further harmonization of private law in Europe also requires significant changes in the institutional structure for the creation of uniform rules and the development of new methods of regulation. There are three features of the development of the private international law in the EU: 1) the gradual transition from internationalization to Europeanization; 2) evolution to reduce the "flexibility" of conflict regulation of contractual relations through greater certainty in application; 3) if in 1999 the international convention was the source of unification of the private international law, then after this date the regulation becomes the standard source of unification. Private international law in the EU can be defined as the interconnection and interaction between the systems of national law of the EU Member States and the system of uniform (unified) legal norms aimed at regulating private legal relations with a foreign element within the EU. European private international law can be seen in a narrow sense (conflict of law), broad sense (covers conflict and conflict law) and the broadest ...

The purpose of the article is to analyze and summarize the current requirements of international legal standards in the field of protection prisoners' rights and their treatment with regard to selecting and training the personnel of penal bodies and institutions; recommendations concerning their incorporation into the current legislation of Ukraine have been developed. The relevance of the chosen topic is explained by the importance of the international and legal component of selecting and training the personnel of penal bodies and institutions in the context of modern integration processes of world and European level, including the sphere of penitentiary activity. Investigating the problem of selecting and training qualified personnel for the penitentiary system of Ukraine, taking into account the requirements of international and legal standards should contribute to strengthening the legitimacy in the activities of the personnel of penal bodies and institutions, strengthening the discipline, stimulating the development of employees' professionally important qualities. Domestic and foreign scholars, in particular V.A. Anishchenko, V.A. Badyra, V.V. Vasylevych, V.B. Dvortsov, O.I. Ivankov, V.A. Lovochkin, S.V. Pietkov, O.B. Ptashynskyi, M.S. Puzyrov, V.M. Synov, O.O. Tymofieieva, V.O. Utkin studied specific aspects of the problem of influence of international and legal standards on selecting and training the personnel of penal bodies and institutions. The purpose of the article is to prove the fact that the basic provisions of international and legal standards in the field of protection prisoners' rights and their treatment serve as legal guidelines for reforming not only the national penal system, but are the basic values, which the penitentiary systems of most modern civilized states seek for. 1. In accordance with the essence of international and legal standards, the personnel of penal bodies and institutions shall include specialized staff, in particular social workers, medical staff, psychologists, senior ...