19–20 січня 2006 року в Києві відбувся міжнародний науково-=практичнийсемінар «Законодавство України про освіту і Церква», який проводиться в рамкахзапочаткованих в Україні громадських публічних слухань «Релігія і освіта:сучасні моделі відносин». Ідея таких слухань виникла в результаті проведенняспільної із Міністерством освіти і науки України науково-практичноїконференції «Релігійний компонент у світській освіті», що відбулася у жовтні2005 р. Наслідком конференції стала збірка «Мораль-релігія-освіта», до якоїувійшли правові документи у сфері взаємин освіти і релігії, доповіді, виступи,аналітичні статті відомих експертів, журналістів, науковців, державнихі релігійних діячів.
В статье рассматриваются перспективы и последствия интеграции Украины в ВТО и ЕС для транспортной отрасли. Проведён SWOT-анализ экономических последствий для транспорта после присоединения Украины к ВТО и ЕС. ; В статті розглянуто перспективи та наслідки інтеграції України до СОТ та ЄС для транспортної галузі. Проведено SWOT-аналіз економічних наслідків для транспорту після вступу України до СОТ та ЄС. ; The prospects and consequences of integration ofUkraineto the WTO and the EU for transport complex have been considered. The SWOT-analysis of economic after-effects after such an integration has been performed.
The subject of this study is the strategic cooperation of the permanent members in the Security Council in the period 1946 2000. Because of their right of veto the cooperation of the permanent members has a significant influence on the functioning of the Council. The most important aspects of the cooperation that were investigated are the intensity of the cooperation and the ef-fectiveness of this cooperation in preventing and ending wars. To investigate these aspects, for both the intensity and the effectiveness measuring instruments were constructed. These measuring instruments were based on comprehensive sets of so-called 'leading indicators' and statistical methods and techniques. The intensity of the cooperation increased gradually from 1946 until 1990 (the end of the Cold War). Then it started to increase rapidly until 1996. From 1996 a slight decrease can be discer-ned. The strong increase in the strategic cooperation of the permanent members in the security Council can be established in all the majors forms of cooperation in the Council: the numbers of adopted strategic resolutions and presidential statements, the numbers of employed means (like peacekeeping missions and enforcement actions) and the amounts of money that were spent on peacekeeping activities. Further it was established that the response times of the Council regarding potential and waged wars dropped significantly since the end of the Cold War. The effectiveness of the cooperation of the permanent members in the Council was, insofar this was measurable with the applied method, not good for many years, but after the Cold War a clear improvement can be discerned. This goes for the prevention of wars, as well as for post war peacebuilding and the ending of wars. Also the numbers of potential and waged wars in which the Council not intervened dropped significantly since the end of the Cold War, as well as the use of vetoes. The large number of potential and waged wars in which the Council did not intervene during the Cold War was nearly exclusively caused by 'non decisions' (the non placing of wars on the agenda), and not by the use of vetoes by permanent members, as is often assumed in literature. Further, a comparison of two phase classifications of the Cold War showed that the great powers, even when there are great tensions among them, are prepared to cooperate in the Security Council to resolve strategic matters, if they consider this in their interest. Analyses of the adopted strategic resolutions during the Cold War revealed that cooperation here was nearly exclusively limited to issues that were not core issues of the Cold War. From this it can be concluded that cooperation against third party states was a basis of cooperation of the great powers in the Security Council. Finally, the results of this study show clearly that the Security Council was regarded and used to a large extent by the permanent members in the period 1946 2000 as an instrument of foreign policy to pursue their national interests, and not as an instrument of the world community to prevent and end wars.
'Will the Netherlands be defended?' The debate about NATO's main lines of defence at the beginning of the 1950sAt the beginning of the 1950s, the Netherlands would not have been able to defend itself in the event of a Soviet attack. Despite the fact that NATO, under the leadership of the Supreme Allied Commander Europe, General Eisenhower, and later General Ridgway, was in the process of rapidly building up its defences, it was still incapable of conducting a forward defence. The pivotal political and military issue in the short term centred on one question: Which areas in Western Europe could and should be kept and which not? Answers to this question exposed conflicting national interests and points of view, particularly those of the Dutch and the French. As it was taking a considerably long time to build up the Netherlands' defences, the Dutch government had very few trump cards to add weight to its demands. Indeed, in the summer of 1952, when Parliament asked to be given a precise account of how the Dutch defences were progressing, the government was practically boxed into a corner.
The analysis of the correspondence of the Ukrainian law standards "On the protection of Plant varieties rights" with the standards of the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants was conducted. ; Сделано анализ соответствия норм Закона Украины "Об охране прав на сорта растений" нормам Международной конвенции по охране новых сортов растений. ; Проведено постатейний аналіз відповідності норм Закону України "Про охорону прав на сорти рослин" нормам Міжнародної конвенції з охорони нових сортів рослин.
The analysis of the correspondence of the Ukrainian law standards "On the protection of Plant varieties rights" with the standards of the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants was conducted. ; Сделано анализ соответствия норм Закона Украины "Об охране прав на сорта растений" нормам Международной конвенции по охране новых сортов растений. ; Проведено постатейний аналіз відповідності норм Закону України "Про охорону прав на сорти рослин" нормам Міжнародної конвенції з охорони нових сортів рослин.
В статті досліджуються особливості функціонування національної економіки в умовах глобалізації. Підкреслюється, що міжнародний поділ праці, міжнародна економічна інтеграція, політичні стосунки між країнами, поглиблення міжнародних відносин сприяють процесу глобалізації. ; In the article the features of functioning of national economy in the conditions of globalization are explored. It is underlined, that international division of labour, international economic integration, political relations between countries, deepening of international relations are instrumental in the process of globalization.
Розглянуто актуальність дослідження міжнародних відносин і транскордонного співробітництва. Акцентовано увагу на специфіці співробітництва України з ЄС. Проаналізовано наслідки розширення ЄС для України. ; The actuality of international relations and trans-boarden cooperation has been considered in the paper. The attention is given to peculiarities of EU cooperation with Ukraine. The EU enlargement consequences for Ukraine analyzed. ; The actuality of international relations and trans-boarden cooperation has been considered in the paper. The attention is given to peculiarities of EU cooperation with Ukraine. The EU enlargement consequences for Ukraine analyzed.
Стаття присвячена глобального виміру енергетичної складової національного потенціалу України. Базові методологічні підходи сучасної американської політико-стратегічної думки об'єднані з підходами міжнародної економічної науки. Розглянуто основні економічні, технологічні, міжнародно-політичні проблеми прагнення України до енергетичної незалежності. ; This article is devoted to the global dimantion oj energy component of Ukrainian's national power. The basic methodological approaches of the modern american political-strategic thought is united here with international economics approaches.The main economic, technological, international-political problems of Ukrainian search for independence in the field of energy are regarded.
This thesis is about International Medical Graduates or foreign doctors, trained outside the European Economic Area, who settle permanently in the Netherlands. From the early nineties the number of foreign doctors residing in the Netherlands either as refugees or as partners/spouses of Dutch citizens has risen steadily. Foreign doctors who wish to practise medicine in the Netherlands must obtain a declaration of professional competence, issued by the Department of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS). A considerable number of foreign doctors received negative decisions by the Health Department. They were not allowed to practise medicine in the Netherlands. As a result, from the mid nineties, a growing number of foreign doctors applied to the medical faculties for admission as medical students in order to obtain a Dutch medical degree. Therefore, in 1995, it was decided to institute the Committee Influx Foreign Doctors (CIBA), a central placing committee. Between 1996 and 2007 the CIBA has processed over a 1000 admission requests. Until 2002, in spite of the imminent shortage of doctors, the Department of Health had done little to enhance the use of the expertise brought in by the foreign doctors for the benefit of Dutch society. The focus of this investigation has been: 1. How is it guaranteed that foreign doctors meet the medical quality standards (knowledge, skills, attitude), or how is the assessment of these qualities measured. And 2. After obtaining permanent residency in the Netherlands, do foreign doctors have access to the profession for which they had qualified before in their country of origin or another non-EEA country? Late 2001 the Department of Health and the medical schools were stimulated to cooperate in order to improve the additional training programmes for foreign doctors. It led to the new assessement procedure for foreign doctors that came into force in December 2005. This thesis contains two reports on the medical careers of foreign doctors. These investigations showed that nearly all ...
The article analyses the evolution of the Slovak political party "Smer" (Direction) and its position in the party system of Slovak Republic. The article focuses on the shift of the party program from the "Centrist Populism" towards "Social Democracy." According to the first program documents the Party of "Smer" (Direction) was designed as pragmatic, non-ideological party. In the persistent conflict between authoritarianism vs. democracy "Smer" identified itself as the pro-democratic and pro-market force. Party policy before 2002 contained only few social democratic components; it was closer to the conservative or right-wing populist parties. After the parliamentary election 2002 and the failure of non-communist left "Smer" decided to become a member of the Socialist International (SI) and Party of European Socialists (PES). The process of the institutional approach to the international Social Democratic Party structures was accompanied by the substantial changes in the social and economic program of the party. The process was completed on the institutional level in May 2005, when Smer joined both SI and PES, and on the level of political program on the Party Congress in December 2005. In the process of so called "socialdemocratisation" of "Smer" the international factor played crucial role, especially the need to have an international partner in the European Parliament. "Smer" met the standards of the Social Democratic identity only in the social and economic affairs. The other five dimensions - environmental policy, participative democracy, cultural and human-rights dimension, supra-national dimension and the dimension of equality and freedom "Smer" met only partially or not at all, so these process remains unfinished. According to some political declarations "Smer" remains the populist party and the uncompromising critic of the right-wing government of Mikuláš Dzurinda, on the other side the official documents of the party anticipate only the moderate corrections of the economical and social reforms, ...
UK: Досліджено питання міжнародної торгівлі та обслуговуючої кооперації як взаємопов'язаних складових країн з розвиненою економікою. Оцінено масштаби розвитку кооперативів у сільському господарстві розвинутих зарубіжних країн. Проаналізовано проблеми та ускладнення, які стримують вихід сільськогосподарської продукції України на міжнародні ринки. Визначено місце та роль обслуговуючих кооперативів на ринку сільськогосподарської продукції. Зроблено висновок щодо перспектив розвитку обслуговуючої кооперації на селі з урахуванням змін та доповнень в законодавстві. EN: Questions of international trade and serving cooperation as the making countries with the developed economy are investigated. Scales of development of cooperative societies in agriculture of the developed foreign countries are estimated. Problems and complexities which constrain an exit of agricultural production of Ukraine on the international markets are analyzed. The place and a role of serving cooperative societies in the market of agricultural production are defined. It is drawn a conclusion on prospects of development of serving cooperation in village taking into account changes and additions in the legislation.
Розглянуто сутність, функції, завдання і принципи екологічного менеджменту промислових підприємств, а також основні етапи становлення і розвитку екологічного менеджменту, уточнено термінологічний апарат з питань екологічного менеджменту, з'ясованої відмінності між екологічним управлінням і екологічним менеджментом, проаналізовано нормативно-правове забезпечення екологічного менеджменту. ; The essence, functions, tasks, and principles of the environmental management for industrial enterprises have been presented in the paper. The main stages of environmental management establishment and development at the international level are described. The terminology used in the field of environmental management discussed. In particular the difference between the "environmental governance" and "environmental management" clarified. The legal system to support the practical implementation of environmental management analyzed in the paper also. ; The essence, functions, tasks, and principles of the environmental management for industrial enterprises have been presented in the paper. The main stages of environmental management establishment and development at the international level are described. The terminology used in the field of environmental management discussed. In particular the difference between the "environmental governance" and "environmental management" clarified. The legal system to support the practical implementation of environmental management analyzed in the paper also.
Розглянуто основні тенденції соціально-економічного розвитку України кінця ХХ - початку ХХІ століття в контексті світового розвитку та дана оцінка сучасному курсу України на євро інтеграцію ; The article deals with the main tendencies of social and economic development of Ukraine from the XX to XXІ century. In the context of international development Modern course of Ukraine towards Integration to the European Union is analyzed
Розглянуто питання вдосконалення законодавчого забезпечення інноваційної діяльності в Україні. Розглянуто загальні, спеціальні, міжнародні та інші закони в цій галузі. Особлива увага приділена питанням охорони об'єктів інтелектуальної власності. ; The question of perfection of the legislative providing of innovative activity is considered in Ukraine. General, special, international et al acts are considered in this industry. The special attention is spared to the questions of guard of objects of intellectual property.
