Suchergebnisse

A discussion of the impact of international migration on international relations considers how state actions shape population movements; what causes population movements to result in cooperation or conflicts; & how governments respond to population flows. It is suggested that the response of a state to international migration often affects that state's relations with other countries; a state's exit/entry rules affect international migration; & international migrants often become a political force in their country of destination. The concept of sovereignty as it relates to neoclassical economic ideas is explored to help shed light on how states influence international migration. The most common types of entry/exit rules are described to illustrate how they influence the magnitude, composition, & directionality of international migration, as well as relations between states. Consideration is also given to the political impact of international migrants on migration policies & how notions of sovereignty are being transformed under the new global realities. J. Lindroth

A discussion of the impact of international migration on international relations considers how state actions shape population movements; what causes population movements to result in cooperation or conflicts; & how governments respond to population flows. It is suggested that the response of a state to international migration often affects that state's relations with other countries; a state's exit/entry rules affect international migration; & international migrants often become a political force in their country of destination. The concept of sovereignty as it relates to neoclassical economic ideas is explored to help shed light on how states influence international migration. The most common types of entry/exit rules are described to illustrate how they influence the magnitude, composition, & directionality of international migration, as well as relations between states. Consideration is also given to the political impact of international migrants on migration policies & how notions of sovereignty are being transformed under the new global realities. J. Lindroth

Explores the relevance of customary rules of international humanitarian law & the mechanisms through which they are created. International humanitarian law adopted in Geneva in 1864 was based on customary rules generated by practices adopted in previous wars. In spite of extensive codification of humanitarian law by numerous treaties, treaty law does not adequately cover today's armed conflicts, especially those that are not international in scope. Customary international law is said to have the potential to fill existing holes in treaty law resulting from a lack of substantive coverage or ratification. Situations in which customary international law could be useful, & the methodology used to institute rules of customary international law, are described. Research on customary rules of international humanitarian law conducted by the International Conference of the Red Cross & Red Crescent identifies 200 basic rules found to be customary in today's noninternational armed conflicts. These rules will be included in a code of customary international law that will be binding upon parties in international & noninternational armed conflicts. J. Lindroth

The international is already constituted through the legitimation of specific forms of inequality. This paper explores four: (1) worldwide patterns of economic inequality; (2) the principle & historical experience of the "great powers" as a guarantee of international "order"; (3) the capacities of specific kinds of political community to participate in the modern system of states; & (4) the constitutive value field in which the international is judged as the negation of the positive values ascribed to statist forms of political community. It does so in relation to claims about freedom, scale, & the necessary practices of modern discrimination. This exploration leads to the conclusion that the primary significance of claims about new inequalities in an international context is that they express the increasing difficulty of thinking about equality/inequality in political terms, let alone of responding adequately to the "violences" & injustices that might be attributed to multiple kinds of inequalities in various settings. Adapted from the source document.

The international financial architecture literature is concerned with a set of best principles & practices that may lower the risk of financial crises & spillover effects. The financial world has grown enormously more complicated since the end of Bretton Woods. The valuable work of several standard-setting institutions must be judged as minimum requirements for good practice, which are below the perceived needs of the leading financial centers. The paper proposes a "portal" solution, in which the two most important financial centers, the United States & the United Kingdom, set best practices on international financial standards. Since these two centers control access to international markets, & thus, are the conduit of systemic risk, they can establish both the rules for market access & the core regulatory & supervisory framework to deal with international systemic issues. The regulators of the two portals therefore play the fundamental international regulatory role. 37 References. [Copyright 2002 Sage Publications, Inc.]

The author outlines China's attitude to international organizations and its reasons for joining them. He discusses evidence of socialization in its participation and practice and assesses whether international organizations have influenced China to accept the requirements of cooperation, respect for international rules, and accountability in today's globalized world. (DSE/DÜI)

Addresses seven statements on international courts, pointing to their ineffectiveness: (1) International courts do not lead to peace. (2) Contemporary courts are not really the legacy of Nuremburg. (3) War crimes tribunals and truth commissions do not always advance human rights. (4) Only sometimes do war crimes victims demand prosecution. (5) There is no proof that giving amnesty to war criminals encourages impunity. (6) Evidence is weak that war crimes prosecutions deter future abuses. (7) There is no need for the International Criminal Court.

In this chapter, the author examines the changes made to America's national security strategy in the wake of 9/11. The author argues that the Bush Doctrine has caused more damage to both US & international security than it has to improve these issues. The embrace of preventive war, unilateralism, & militarism has damaged the traditional fabrics of international relations. D. Miller

A review essay on books by (1) Geoffrey Robertson, Crimes against Humanity: The Struggle for Global Justice (second edition Penguin, 2002); (2) Leila Nadya Sadat, The International Criminal Court and the Transformation of International Law: Justice for the New Millennium (Transnational, 2002); (3) Philippe Sands (Ed), From Nuremberg to The Hague: The Future of International Criminal Justice (Cambridge U Press, 2003); (4) Howard N. Meyer, The World Court in Action: Judging among the Nations (Rowman & Littlefield, 2002); (5) David Chandler, From Kosovo to Kabul: Human Rights and International Intervention (Pluto, 2002); & (6) Nikolaos Tsagourias, Jurisprudence of Humanitarian Intervention: The Humanitarian Dimension (Manchester U Press, 2000).

Analyzes arguments concerning economic development & equity as a result of free trade. After considering the opinion that economies that are open to trade will accelerate their growth, it is argued that less developed countries are more protectionist than high-income countries. Issues addressed include agricultural protectionism's relationship to global poverty & the benefits of the World Trade Organization to improve economic development. Overall, market liberalization is advocated. L. Collins

A review essay on a book by Heikki Patomaki, The Political Economy of Global Security: War, Future Crises and Changes in Global Governance (London & New York: Routledge, 2008).