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Although the new international economic
order (NIEO) has mostly been assessed as a failure, its
ideas still seem relevant in today's crisis environment.
The new context clearly shows that the existing liberal
international order is ineffective and calls for deep
changes like in the times of the developing countries'
fight for the NIEO. The article considers whether its
principles remain of relevance today, which ones have
been amended and which should be newly introduced,
all based on NIEO-related lessons. Dilemmas between
international law or a rules-based order as a framework for global governance and whether the proposed
new inclusive global economic order is to be based on
values (and if so, which) are evaluated.
Keywords: new international economic order, new
inclusive global economic order, rules-based order, values, principles, international law, global governance,
lessons

This article addresses the deficiency in the area of human rights scholarship in International Relations (IR) by examining the theoretical advancements in IR theory that have led to the emergence of non-state collective actors as a pertinent research topic. It provides a review of the trajectory of the constructivist theoretical approach, which has brought major advancements in how international non-state actors are conceptualised in the human rights IR literature. This considers the limitations and implications of side-lining collective non-state actors within IR theory, arguing that expanding the theoretical understanding of how different collective actors are constituted and attributed with agency can enrich IR human rights scholarship. The article also proposes a potential way forward with respect to non-state collective actors in human rights in IR by identifying a research programme based on practiceoriented approaches to help broaden the ability of scholars to foster interdisciplinary conversations. Expanding along these lines would bridge the existing boundaries within scholarly and disciplinary contexts. Keywords: non-state actors, state-centrism, collectives, international relations, human rights, international actors, constructivism

Notions of the power associated with the European Union's foreign policy and its role in international relations are mostly liberal in origin. This explains the EU's special role in the Cold War era and that it has since emerged more as a moral, ethical and normative power. The EU's lack of military capability has probably been the main cause that prevents it from acting as a great or superpower. The distinction between materialistic and immaterial elements of power has been a crucial point of contention between realists and liberal thinkers. In international relations, we are also witnessing the trend of the EU increasingly using the geopolitical approach (such as in the Ukrainian crisis) besides the normative one. In the article, different concepts of EU foreign policy regarding power in the light of realism and liberalism are compared where, alongside the descriptive method, a SWOT analysis is performed. Keywords: realism, liberalism, power, European Union, Ukraine, foreign policy, international relations

The decision by the Council of Europe to ter minate the Russian Federation's membership of the Council of Europe on 16 March 2022 makes the issue of legal certainty for aliens actively participating in the war in Ukraine as part of the Ukrainian Armed Forces completely unpredictable. The academic literature and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in the field of the legal status of alien combatants is limited, and the International Criminal Court has not complet ed any cases on this topic. This article addresses the prin ciple of case law and, above all, the principle of legality with regard to aliens and their active participation in the armed forces of Ukraine. This issue has become cen tral since the Russian Federation may or may not grant these persons the status of prisoner of war according to the Third Geneva Convention, relating to Protocol I, or may characterise them as criminal offenders or terro rists. Keywords: aliens, combatants, mercenaries, prisoners of war, war, armed conflict, terrorists

Kommunikation mit dem übrigen Afrika wird für die RSA immer mehr zu einer Notwendigkeit, auch wenn sich der gegenwärtige Prozeß eher in umgekehrter Richtung vollzieht. Erörterung der Fragen, warum eine engere Beziehung Südafrikas zum Rest des Kontinents für die Kap-Republik lebensnotwendig ist, welche Hindernisse einer solchen Entwicklung gegenwärtig im Wege stehen und welche Faktoren für sie günstig erscheinen. Welche Botschaft hat Südafrika dem übrigen Afrika zu vermitteln und auf welche Weise kann der notwendige Dialog gefördert werden? (DÜI-Hlb)

Skizzierung der Langzeitstrategie direkter und indirekter Einflußnahme, die die Sowjetunion im südlichen Afrika verfolgt. Jedoch ist dieses Gebiet für sie nicht von prioritärer Bedeutung. Ihre Devise ist: Bereit sein, wenn die Zeit gekommen ist. Verfolgung einer vieldimensionalen Politik. (DÜI-Hlb)

Die veränderten parteipolitischen Mehrheiten im amerikanischen Kongreß werden vor allem in der Außenpolitik der USA deutlich werden. Möglich, daß diese auch schon vorentscheidend für die Präsidentschaftswahlen von 1988 sind. Welche außenpolitischen Folgen hat die RSA nun zu erwarten? Südafrika ist für die Vereinigten Staaten ein vergleichsweise kleines Problem, doch muß die Südafrikafrage 'am Leben gehalten' werden - andauernde und wahrscheinlich sogar verschärfte Sanktionen sind daher wahrscheinlich. (DÜI-Hlb)

Nach Klärung, was in Südafrika unter multilateraler Kooperation zu verstehen ist (nämlich die Zusammenarbeit Pretorias mit den 'unabhängigen' TBVC-Staaten), werden die gegenwärtigen Strukturen dieser Kooperation mit dem Ziel erläutert, zukünftige Forschungsfelder auf diesem Gebiet zu identifizieren. Die Schlußfolgerungen beinhalten vor allem eine stärkere Konzentration auf die politischen Aspekte der Zusammenarbeit, auf die Klärung der Konföderationsidee sowie eine eingehende Analyse der Aufgaben des Sektretariats SECOSAF (Secretariat for Multilateral Cooperation in Southern Africa) mit dem Ziel einer Effizienzverbesserung. (DÜI-Hlb)

Kennzeichnung der Probleme, die einer Unabhängikeit Namibias zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt im Wege stehen und im Zusammenhang damit Diskussion der Rolle, die die internationale Gemeinschaft im Rahmen dieses Unabhängikeitsprozesses spielt. Standpunkt und Rolle der SWAPO, der UN und Südafrikas. Die Interimsregierung als eigene Initiative und Antwort Namibias auf die mangelnden internationalen Fortschritte und Aussichten. (DÜI-Hlb)

Through the public procurement rules, protection of competition, equality of choice & transparency of the procedure in relationships between the public & private sectors are provided, to the greatest extent possible, in the EU rules. All the contractual relationships between the public & private sectors cannot be subject to strict & formal rules on public procurement primarily due to the special nature of business operations, complexity & duration of the relationships. Concessions or public-private partnerships of a concessionary nature are excluded from the legal regime that applies to public procurement. This paper analyses the contractual relationships of the concessionary nature & the EU efforts for ensuring a certain degree of equal treatment of private partners entering into public-private partnerships. Adapted from the source document.