Suchergebnisse

Afghanistan has come a long way since emerging from major conflict in late 2001. The economy has recovered strongly, growing by nearly 50% cumulatively in the last two years (not including drugs). Some three million internally and externally displaced Afghans have returned to their country. More than four million children, a third of them girls, are in school, and immunization campaigns have achieved considerable success. The Government has supported good economic performance by following prudent macroeconomic policies and it has made extraordinary efforts to develop key national programs and to revive social services like education and health. Nevertheless, Afghanistan remains one of the poorest countries in the world in terms of both per-capita incomes and social indicators, with large gender gaps. The difficult challenge of poverty reduction is made even more difficult by continuing insecurity, weak rule of law, and narcotics. Afghanistan - State Building, Sustaining Growth, and Reducing Poverty provides a greater understanding of the core challenges that lie ahead for Afghanistan and key priorities for national reconstruction. The Afghan economy has been shaped by more than two decades of debilitating conflict and has some very unusual features which this study analyzes. The authors argue that the country must break out of the vicious cycle that would keep it insecure, fragmented politically, weakly governed, poor, dominated by the illicit economy, and a hostage to the drug industry. The study presents key elements for a breakthrough in the next two years but the daunting agenda will require strong commitment, actions, and persistence on the part of the Government and robust support from the international community

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Introduction -- Acknowledgements -- Part 1: Innovations in Economic Policy -- 1. An Ambitious Agenda for Economic Growth -- 2. How to Buy a Cleaner Environment -- 3. The Contrast Between Business Planning and Government Planning -- 4. The Case for Reaganomics -- 5. Shifting from Income to Consumption Taxation -- 6. Have I Got a Panacea for You! -- 7. An Economist in Government: Views of a Presidential Adviser -- Part 2: Analyzing Government Programs -- 8. The Timing of the Economic Impact of Government Spending -- 9. The Effect of Government Programs on Price Formation -- 10. Economic Analysis and Government Expenditure Decisions -- 11. The Modern Public Sector -- 12. Government Encouragement of Innovation -- 13. The Use of the Government's Credit Power -- 14. A New Look at Health Care Reform -- Part 3: Applying Economics to Business -- 15. The Role of Economics in Business Planning -- 16. Shortcomings of Business Planning -- 17. Learning to Compete -- 18. A New Social Contract for the American Workplace -- 19. The Economic Effects of Corporate Takeovers -- 20. The Evolving Corporate Board -- 21. Restoring Public Confidence in American Business -- 22. Economic Freedom and Private Enterprise -- Part 4: Understanding the Military Economy -- 23. Arms and the American Economy -- 24. Reforming Military Purchasing -- 25. Conversion and the Future of Defense Contractors -- 26. The U.S. Defense Industry After the Cold War -- 27. How Much Defense Spending Can We Afford? -- Part 5: Reforming Government Regulation -- 28. The Costs of Government Regulation of Business -- 29. The Case for Economizing on Government Controls -- 30. A New Approach to Regulatory Reform -- 31. Making the Marketplace Work for the Environment -- Part 6: Dealing with the International Economy

One billion people around the world rely upon fish as their primary-and in many cases, their only-source of protein. At the same time, increasing demand from wealthier populations in the U.S. and Europe encourages dangerous overfishing practices along coastal waters. Fish for Life addresses the problem of overfishing at local, national, and global levels as part of a comprehensive governance approach-one that acknowledges the critical intersection of food security, environmental protection, and international law in fishing practices throughout the world. Third publication in the "http://www.aup.nl/mare">MARE Publication Series - Overbevissing van de wereldzeeën is een groot maatschappelijk probleem. Hoewel sommige landen vangstquota instellen worden vele vissoorten met uitsterven bedreigd. Visbheer is hét voorbeeld van falend beleid. De complexiteit van het probleem wordt vergroot door het grote aantal belanghebbenden. De visseriij beïnvloedt niet alleen de marine ecologie, maar is ook van belang voor de mensen die leven van visvangst of voor wie vis een belangrijk onderdeel vormt van de dagelijkse maaltijd. Het visbeheer moet zich richten op al deze verschillende belangen, maar ook de ethische kant in ogenschouw nemen. Fish for life is een interdisciplinaire studie in de "http://www.aup.nl/mare">MARE Publication Series naar vis- en waterbeheer en richt zich vooral op de visvangst in derde wereldlanden. De auteurs benaderen het visserijprobleem vanuit een nieuw perspectief: 'interactive governance'. Visbeheer heeft alleen kans van slagen, zo menen zij, als het aansluit bij de dynamiek en complexiteit van de huidige wereld en stevig verankerd is in een debat over proincipes en ethiek. Bij dit boek zal een praktijkboek voor beleidsmakers verschijnen onder de titel Fisheries Governance - A Guide for Practice

Authored by a former spammer, this is a methodical, technically explicit expose of the inner workings of the SPAM economy. Readers will be shocked by the sophistication and sheer size of this underworld. From the Author: You may hate spam and think all spammers are evil, but listen to my story and see why I do this and more importantly, HOW. For most people, the term SPAM conjures up the image of hundreds of annoying, and at times offensive, e-mails flooding their inbox every week. But for a few, SPAM is a way of life that delivers an adrenaline rush fueled by cash, danger, retribution, porn and the avoidance of local, federal, and international law enforcement agencies. Inside the SPAM Cartel offer readers a never-before seen view inside this dark sub-economy. You'll meet the characters that control the flow of money as well as the hackers and programmers committed to keeping the enterprise up and running. You may disagree with their objectives, but you can't help but to marvel at their ingenuity and resourcefulness in defeating spam filters, avoiding being identified, and staying one step ahead of the law. * Spam makes up now 64% of all email sent and it is said to be the most annoying part of being online. * You'll meet the characters that control the flow of money as well as the hackers and programmers committed to keeping the enterprise up and running. * Authored by a former spammer, this is a methodical, technically explicit expose of the innerworkings of the SPAM economy.

The primary purpose of this proceedings is to look at a common body of water shared by Canada and the US and to summarize knowledge about the dynamics of this system with a primary focus of land use, water management, and bridging the gap between researchers and the public. From the preface: Lake Champlain spans two states, Vermont and New York, as well as two nations, the United States of America and Canada. Such a large body of water facing a wide variety of environmental stresses cannot be put on the path of restoration without the concerted efforts of motivated stakeholders. In order to be effective, however, these stakeholders must not only be dedicated to their own goals, but more importantly, be aware of, fully understand, and support the efforts of a myriad of other goals brought to the table by other dedicated groups. While easier said than done, Lake Champlain has and will continue to benefit from the cooperation and partnerships spanning international to local venues. This monograph represents the result of one of many partnerships between the United States and Canada; specifically the 2002 Spring Symposium sponsored by the Lake Champlain Research Consortium that was hosted by the Missisquoi Bay Watershed Corporation (Corporation Bassin Versant Baie Missisquoi) at the Fort Saint-Jean Campus, May 20-23, 2002. The focus of this meeting was to bring together a wide variety of stakeholders to not only learn about new developments and research in the basin, but to forge new and stronger bonds for future cooperation and management of this truly great lake

The themes and issues explored in this book - religion, human rights, politics and society could not be more relevant to the post 11 September 2001 world. They lie at the heart of global political debate today. The collection explores these issues after the passing of just over two decades from the adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of all Forms of Intolerance and Discrimination based on Religion or Belief. That declaration set out minimum international standards for the elimination of such discrimination. Sadly the challenge of intolerance on the basis of religion or belief continues to plague us, and tackling it seems to have become increasingly entrenched. The complexity of this phenomenon requires expertise from different quarters. This collection draws from diplomatic, activist and theological quarters and benefits from the analysis of scholars of law, history, religious studies and sociology. The ten chapters of this collection examine the relationship between human rights, law and religion; offer a typology for the study of religious persecution; problematise the consequences flowing from religious establishment in religiously plural society; analyse the implications of the directions being taken by the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and the protections offered by the European Commission council Directive 2000/43/EC outlawing workplace discrimination; study the 1981 Declaration and its promotion through the work of the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief; and explore the intricacies of this freedom in detail from within the context of the United Kingdom and The Netherlands

This book explores how the Internet presents radical ways of organising and producing media that offer political and cultural alternatives, both to ways of doing business and to how we understand the world and our place in it. The book is characterised by in-depth case studies. Topics include the media of new social movements and other radical political organisations (including the far right); websites produced by fans of popular culture; and media dedicated to developing a critical, 'public' journalism. It locates these studies in appropriate theoretical and historical contexts, while remaining accessible to a student audience. Major themes: *The use of the Internet by political groups such as the anti-capitalist and environmental movements, as well as the far right *Radical forms of creativity and distribution: the anti-copyright and sampling/file-sharing movements, and their role as cultural critics in a corporate world *The development and maintenance of a global, 'digital public sphere' of protest through such practices as 'hacktivism' *The use of new media technologies to transform existing media forms and practices, such as news media and Internet radio. This is the first book devoted entirely to 'alternative' ways of political organisation and cultural production on the Internet. The author is one of the leading international experts in the study of alternative media, and this book is an authoritative guide to all aspects of these phenomena: the cultural, the political, the economic and the social. The range of topics covered will make it an attractive text for a wide range of media and cultural studies and computing courses

Rich with detail and provocatively argued, this study of the development of property rights in the world's fisheries tells the story of one industry's evolution and provides a useful illustration of the forces that shape economic institutions. The emergence of exclusive individual rights of access in the fishing industry began after the revolution in the international law of the sea that took place in the 1970s, when the offshore area controlled by a nation for fish and other resources expanded from 3 miles to 200 miles. Rognvaldur Hannesson compares the subsequent development of private property rights in the fisheries to the historic enclosures and clearances of common land in England and Scotland and finds many parallels, including bitter fights over access rights and the impossibility of accommodating all those who want to stake a claim. Overall benefit to society in the form of increased efficiency, he points out, does not mean that all benefit equally. After tracing the development of the law of the sea since the sixteenth century, Hannesson considers what form property rights in fisheries might take and examines the forces behind the establishment of exclusive use rights to fish. He argues that one form of exclusive use rights, individual transferable quotas (ITQs), best promotes efficiency in the use of fish resources. He presents case studies of ITQ development, ranging from successful establishment in Canada and New Zealand to failures in Chile and Norway to experiments with ITQs in Iceland and the United States. The development of economic institutions, he concludes, is an evolutionary process subject to contradictory influences.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the important topic of standards, which remains a vastly under-researched field of empirical inquiry. It presents a variety of interesting empirical analyses which reveal the driving forces and the economic impacts of standardization both in the manufacturing and the service sector. The author begins by providing a detailed outline of the various types of standards and their possible economic impacts. Before providing empirical validation of the theoretical arguments, he discusses the influence of standards within the regulatory system. Among the other actors in the standardization process, the author focuses in particular on the role of the firm, which acts as the main impetus for the development and implementation of new standards. He also examines the fundamental link between technical change and standardization, to assess whether this relationship is a virtuous or vicious cycle. In this context, the impact of intellectual property rights within standardization is also highlighted. Another significant aspect is the consequences of standards for trade and their role in fostering or inhibiting international trade flows. Finally, the author investigates the effect on macroeconomic growth where, especially in the new economy, formal standards are a crucial source of codified and publicly available knowledge. The analysis is based on extensive microeconomic, sectoral and macroeconomic data, which allows the author to compare the various economic impacts of standards and derive important policy conclusions. This book is a comprehensive and scholarly treatment of the economics of standards which will undoubtedly inspire further research in the field. It will be required reading for industrial economists, R&D managers and policymakers involved with innovation and trade policy

Authored by a former spammer, this is a methodical, technically explicit expose of the inner workings of the SPAM economy. Readers will be shocked by the sophistication and sheer size of this underworld. From the Author: "You may hate spam and think all spammers are evil, but listen to my story and see why I do this and more importantly, HOW." For most people, the term "SPAM" conjures up the image of hundreds of annoying, and at times offensive, e-mails flooding their inbox every week. But for a few, SPAM is a way of life that delivers an adrenaline rush fueled by cash, danger, retribution, porn and the avoidance of local, federal, and international law enforcement agencies. "Inside the SPAM Cartel" offer readers a never-before seen view inside this dark sub-economy. You'll meet the characters that control the flow of money as well as the hackers and programmers committed to keeping the enterprise up and running. You may disagree with their objectives, but you can't help but to marvel at their ingenuity and resourcefulness in defeating spam filters, avoiding being identified, and staying one step ahead of the law. * Spam makes up now 64% of all email sent and it is said to be the most annoying part of being online. * You'll meet the characters that control the flow of money as well as the hackers and programmers committed to keeping the enterprise up and running. * Authored by a former spammer, this is a methodical, technically explicit expose of the innerworkings of the SPAM economy

Der er sagt mange skarpe ord om danskerne i udenlandske medier. Die Woche i Tyskland henviste til titlen på en nazistisk kampsang, når det skrev om en dansk "Die Fahne Hoch"-mentalitet og i The Guardian i London hed det, at i forhold til højrefløjens fremmarch i Danmark virkede nazismens fremmarch i Tyskland sløv. Dagsavisen i Oslo bragte i november 2001 et foto fra København af en nynazist med strakt arm, med henvisning til at den danske valgkamp var præget af fremmedhad. Er danskerne fremmedfjendske? følger den udenlandske omtale af den danske debat om indvandringen tilbage til 2000, og det giver en vigtig pointe: Billedet af Danmark som fremmedfjendsk var udbredt længe før regeringsskiftet. Udenlandske medier citerer igen og igen forslag til stramninger i udlændingepolitikken, og henvisning til "Die Fahne Hoch"-mentaliteten er fra februar 2000. Derimod tav man med, at Danmark - sammen med Norge - havde rekord i tildeling af asyl og gav højere sociale ydelser til indvandrere end næsten alle andre lande. Allerede da berettede man om det, der passede med en skabelon om danskerne som fremmedfjendske, og udelod det, der talte imod.Samtidig sammenligner bogen debatten i Danmark med debatten i nabolandene. Der er klart mere sordin på i Sverige og Tyskland. Dermed kan den danske debat forekomme barsk for svenskere og tyskere. Derimod er det svært at se en større forskel mellem debatten i Danmark og debatten i Norge.Endelig viser bogen, at internationale holdningsundersøgelser slet ikke tyder på, at danskerne skulle være specielt fremmedfjendske. Vi stiller skrappe krav om, at indvandrere skal tilpasse sig landets normer, men modsat er vi også det folk i EU, der stærkest ønsker at inddrage indvandrerne i det politiske liv. Hvad man fremhæver, afhænger af, hvilken skabelon man bruger

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures and Plates -- Acknowledgements -- INTRODUCTION -- Key themes and principles -- How the book is organised -- Facts, assertions and opinions -- CHAPTER 1: Fascination and Procrastination -- 1.1 What is crime? -- 1.2 Our love/hate relationship with crime -- 1.3 Crime and the media -- 1.4 Closing the stable door after the horse has bolted -- 1.5 Why wait? -- 1.6 What's gone wrong? -- CHAPTER 2: The Facts about Crime, Offenders and Victimisation -- 2.1 Cutting through the chaff and bluff -- 2.2 Reporting crime -- 2.3 Recording crime -- 2.4 Victimisation studies -- 2.5 People from minorities and particular groups -- 2.6 European and international comparisons -- 2.7 The impact of crime -- 2.8 Crimes of the powerful -- 2.9 Targeting certain types of crime -- 2.10 The clear-up rate -- 2.11 Fear of crime - a problem in its own right -- 2.12 The real criminals -- 2.13 Summing up -- CHAPTER 3: Crime, Deviance and the Individual Offender -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Classicism or rational choice theory -- 3.3 Biogenetic theories -- 3.4 Learning theory or behaviourism -- 3.5 Psychoanalytic theory -- 3.6 Labelling theory -- 3.7 Social control theory -- 3.8 Social disorganisation theory -- 3.9 Social strain theory -- 3.10 Conflict theory -- 3.11 Feminist criminology -- 3.12 Levels of explanation -- 3.13 Why aren't we all criminals? -- 3.14 Summing up -- CHAPTER 4: Crime and the Environment -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Crime prevention through environmental design -- 4.3 Situational crime prevention -- 4.4 Location, location, location -- 4.5 Crime and urbanisation -- 4.6 Why is there less crime in rural areas? -- 4.7 Re-creating rural qualities in urban environments -- 4.8 Boundaries and edges -- 4.9 Key principles for sustainably safe places -- 4.10 Access to goods and new opportunities.

Chaos and complexity in a bioterrorism future / Reuben R. McDaniel -- Environmental jolt of bioterrorism / Leonard Friedman, Peter Marghella -- Changing organizations for their likely mass-casualties future / James W. Begun, H. Joanna Jiang -- Multiprovider systems as first line responders to bioterrorism events : challenges and strategies / Myron D. Fottler, Kourtney Scharoun, Reid M. Oetjen -- Bioterrorism visits the physician's office / Lawrence F. Wolper, David N. Gans, Thomas P. Peterson -- The international threat of biological weapons : legal and regulatory perspectives / Paul S. Westney, James J. Hoffman -- Responding to bioterrorism : a lesson in humility for management scholars / Donna Malvey, Myron D. Fottler, George W. Buck, Robert S. Fry -- Bioterrorism preparedness and response : a resource guide for health care managers / Cynthia A. Holubik, Steven R. Tomlinson -- The bioterrorism formula : facing the certainty of the uncertain future / John D. Blair, Myron D. Fottler, Albert C. Zapanta -- The role of the reserve forces in defending the homeland / Albert C. Zapanta, Richard O. Wightman, Mari K. Eder -- Civil-military relations in an lera of bioterrorism : crime and war in the making of modern civil-military relations / E.L. Hunter, Ryan Kelty, Meyer Kestnbaum, David R. Segal -- Integration or disintegration? An examination of the core organizational and management challenges at the Department of Homeland Security / Nancy M Dodge, Carlton J Whitehead, Brian J Gerber -- Cocktails, deceptions, and force multipliers in bioterrorism / John D. Blair, K. Wade Vlosich -- Modeling the environmental jolts from terrorist attacks : configurations of asymmetric warfare / John D. Blair, Robert K. Keel, Timothy W. Nix, K. Wade Vlosich -- Notes from the editors / John D. Blair, Myron D. Fottler, Albert C. Zapanta

Measurement trends and issues. Measures of instructional communication / Patricia Kearney and Michael J. Beatty ; Measures of interpersonal communication / Rebecca B. Rubin and Elizabeth E. Graham ; Measures of mass communication / Alan M. Rubin and Elizabeth M. Perse ; Measures of organizational communication / Cal W. Downs, Sue DeWine, and Howard H. Greenbaum. -- Measure profiles. Affective learning ; Affinity-seeking instrument ; Argumentativeness scale ; Attributional confidence scale ; Audience activity measures ; Behavior alteration techniques ; Communication satisfaction questionnaire ; Communicative adaptability scale ; Communicative competence scale ; Communicator competence questionnaire ; Communicator style measure ; Compliance-gaining techniques ; Conversational appropriateness/effectiveness scales ; Cultivation index ; Family communication patterns scale ; Feelings of understanding/misunderstanding scale ; Generalized immediacy scale ; Gratification sought and obtained scales ; Group behavior inventory ; Individualized trust scale ; Interaction involvement scale ; International Communication Association audit ; Interpersonal attraction scale ; Interpersonal communication motives scale ; Interpersonal communication satisfaction inventory ; Interpersonal solidarity scale ; Mean world index ; Mentoring and communication support scale ; News credibility scale ; Nonverbal immediacy behaviors instrument ; Organizational communication conflict instrument ; Organizational communication development audit questionnaire ; Organizational communication scale ; Organizational culture survey ; Organizational identification questionnaire ; Parasocial interaction scale ; Perceived homophily measure ; Perceived realism scale ; Personal involvement inventory ; Personal report of communication apprehension ; Political media gratification scale ; Quality marriage index ; Receiver apprehension test ; Relational communication scale ; Relational dimensions instrument ; Revised self-disclosure scale ; Source credibility scale - Berlo ; Source credibility scale - McCroskey ; Speakers' perceptions of situational causes of anxiety ; Student motivation scale ; Student resistance strategies ; Teacher credibility ; Teacher satisfaction scale ; Teacher self-disclosure instrument ; Team-review questionnaire ; Television affinity scale ; Television viewing motives scale ; Three-dimensional communication load scale ; Unwillingness-to-communicate scale ; Verbal aggressiveness scale ; Verbal immediacy behaviors

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- 'That 's Your Opinion ' -- A Just Society? -- Should Law Enforce Morality? -- 1 What Is Natural? -- Is Morality Natural? -- What Does 'Being Natural 'Mean? -- How Free Are We? -- The Roots of Morality -- Morality and Natural Law -- 2 Human Nature and Natural Law -- What Is Natural Law? -- Reason and Natural Law -- Going against the 'Grain of Nature ' -- What Is Morality About? -- 3 Human Rights -- The Political Context -- The Status of Rights -- What Counts as a Right? -- Who Gives Us Our Rights? -- Are 'Rights 'Merely a Western Idea? -- 4 Natural Rights and Law -- Can Laws Be Unjust? -- The Moral Background -- The Law as Teacher -- Liberalism and the Law -- Should the Law Allow Torture? -- 5 The Rule of Law -- What Is the Difference between Moral Rules and Laws? -- Judicial Activism -- The Role of Judges -- Dissent and Democracy -- Conscientious Objectors -- 6 The Public and the Private -- Is a Political Pluralism Ethically Neutral? -- The 'Veil of Ignorance ' -- The Moral Basis of Agreement -- Trust -- 'Fair Play ' -- 7 Groups and Individuals -- Which Differences Matter Morally? -- Discrimination and Multiculturalism -- Politics and Race -- A Case History:American Law -- Sexual Orientation and Discrimination -- 8 Patriotism and Nationalism -- The Dangers of Patriotism -- The Limits of Moral Concern -- Particular and Universal Loyalties -- Liberalism and Country -- The Patriot and the Cosmopolitan -- 9 One World:a Global Ethic? -- A Cosmopolitan Law? -- Global Responsibilities -- Global Politics -- Morality in International Relations -- 10 Character and Principle -- The Importance of Character -- 'Good Character -- Liberalism and Character -- 'Dirty Hands ' -- Moral Conflict -- 11 Morality and Human Nature -- Human Dignity -- 'Playing God ' -- Value Pluralism and Objectivity.