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This study explores the role of university-based collaborative research units (CRUs) in the internationalization of China's university-government-industry linkages. Specifically, it examines how CRUs' R&D cooperation with multinational corporations (MNCs) affects the roles and responsibilities of research universities in local and global collaborations. It delves into the effectiveness of different organizational structures of the Chinese CRUs in developing R&D strategies, goals and activities to facilitate university-MNC partnerships. The thesis draws on data collected through a multiple case-study approach at Tsinghua University (THU) and Peking University (PKU). On the basis of the superstructure analysis on Science & Technology policies and descriptive statistics as well as structure analysis on THU and PKU' international collaboration settings and strategies, data collected through case studies were analyzed to explain how understructure CRUs interact with global and local stakeholders. This study argues that the CRUs serve as strategic interfaces between the international R&D initiatives of Chinese research universities and MNCs at times when conflicts between imported and indigenous innovation are evolving. The collaborative CRUs possess unique advantages for reconciling the contradiction between global and local stakeholders. They primarily achieve the reconciliatory goals by generating knowledge spillover from the MNCs' innovative R&D to China's national innovation system, and fully engaging the indigenous innovation capacity of leading scholars and their research teams in Chinese research universities. This study points to a prevalent dichotomy of CRUs in the discourse of Chinese research collaborations: i.e., substantive and virtual CRUs. The university- MNC joint research institutes (JRIs) at THU are mostly virtual CRUs, which always face the challenge of staff retention; while the substantive ones possess an advantage in this regard, which is favorable for undertaking the MNCs' forward-looking innovative R&D. However, a disciplinary "role strain" is faced by full-time researchers of interdisciplinary substantive CRUs, who have to deal with the psychological loss of a disciplinary identity when they are officially affiliated with interdisciplinary CRUs. This study suggests that a semi-substantive structure is ideal for CRUs' undertaking of boundary-crossing research (e.g., international and interdisciplinary) while giving researchers an opportunity to avoid disciplinary "role strain". In the context of R&D internationalization, as cross-boundary cooperative strategies have become increasingly prominent, the JRIs have grown to be an important category of CRUs. Furthermore, they can contribute to releasing another "role strain" faced by THU and PKU researchers who are interested in undertaking industrial projects: they have to sacrifice time and energy that is more commonly allocated to governmental projects, because the research outputs of government projects are much more valued by the university promotion and appraisal systems than those of industrial projects. The study foresees the role of university-MNC JRIs in promoting the innovation content of international industrial projects. This study expands on and enriches the conceptualization of the higher education internationalization by examining the overlaps of industrial, university and governmental perspectives at the micro level of analysis. It identifies and predicts the specific features and contributions of the Chinese university-based CRUs when these understructure-level research units are pulled into the process of R&D internationalization. ; published_or_final_version ; Education ; Doctoral ; Doctor of Philosophy

Suggests that the intellectual distance among scholars is a cause of difficult co‐ordination during the project. The intellectual distance among scholars is the distance among their cognitive systems, a wide concept including a multi‐level belonging: institutional, disciplinary, paradigmatic, and cultural belonging, as well as social networking, etc. The higher the cumulative intellectual distance within the academic international research projects (AIRP), the higher the co‐ordination needs during the process. Nevertheless, this paper suggests a better acknowledgement of intellectual distance might foster AIRP effectiveness. Assumes that cognitive systems are assessable only indirectly through scholars' intellectual artefacts, thus introducing a methodology in order to study them. Adopts scholars' citations as a proxy of their cognitive system, thus testing methodology on two major management journals. Suggests a few actions project champions may adopt in order to abridge intellectual distance within AIRP.

This book uses case studies of academic units from Australian public universities to explore the reasons why those units respond in different ways to similar contemporary challenges. The 'academic units' - departments, schools and faculties - in the world's public universities may be their own administrative fiefdoms, but the wider environment within which they operate is both complex and dynamic. In fact, today's academic landscape is barely recognizable from what it was like two decades ago. The globalization of higher education markets for students, faculty and research funding has expanded the challenges and opportunities for academic units beyond the boundaries of nation states. However, academic units must also deal with the diverse needs and expectations of national and local stakeholders, as well as operate within government regulatory and policy frameworks. In addition, they are required to adhere to policy and operational directives from institutional executives and consider the often-competing needs and expectations of other stakeholders such as faculty, students, employers, funding bodies and professional associations. As public funding slowly evaporates some university faculties have embraced the imperative to be more business-oriented. Others have shrunk from congress with Mammon. The milieu of tertiary education is having to adapt to fresh trends in this domain, such as the advocacy of marketization, entrepreneurialism and corporatization, the three pillars of so-called 'new public management'. With its case studies from different academic disciplines and types of university, this book asks some key questions: Why do some units adapt to environmental challenges and others resist change? How and why do academic units adopt different modes and processes of adaptation or resistance? Along with its new conceptual framework for the wider context, the text makes an important contribution to scholarship on leading and managing change in universities, while at the same time offering those in academic leadership positions relevant advice and practical suggestions to guide their units through these complex challenges. Where other academic studies have examined the university as an institution in its entirety, this focused study compares the decision-making on a lower rung of the administrative ladder.

The author describes three "anchors" in Israeli conceptions: about the Palestinians in Lebanon ("the Palestinian is a refugee"), about the PLO ("the Palestinian organizations are terrorist organizations"), and about the relations between the Palestinians and the PLO ("the Palestinians and the PLO are synonymous"); reactions of Israeli politicians, government officials and scholars to the invalidation of the anchors; the question of how academic research on issues of current political import contributes to the adjustment of entrenched socio-political anchors in these areas

The number of academic international research teams (AIRTs) is rapidly increasing. While AIRTs are essential to addressing complex international research issues they can also often involve a large number of challenging issues. Like corporate international teams, AIRTs must face the challenge of cross‐national differences including large distances, multiple languages, and numerous cultural values. In addition, they must deal with a number of unique issues involving the abstract nature of an intellectual endeavor, differences in academic career motivations and discipline fields, and the necessity of often completing projects on scarce resources. This manuscript reviews five articles which tackle the complexity of AIRTs. In doing so we seek to bring out the most interesting observations as well as the most important recommendations for how to tackle these challenges in future AIRTs.

The influence of Soviet international relations scholars on Soviet foreign policy has grown markedly in recent years. The ideas about international conflict and cooperation that Mikhail Gorbachev has expressed in his writings and speeches reflect the views of those scholars, and as individuals they have been drawn directly into the policy-making process. This article summarizes the emerging Soviet academic consensus about the need for joint, peaceful solutions to international environmental and security problems, and then discusses five particularly interesting theoretical approaches taken by subgroups of Soviet scholars to the problem of international conflict resolution. The author concludes that, while debates over specific theoretical approaches and state policies continue among Soviet scholars, they have adopted a new common framework for analyzing international conflict and cooperation; the old framework of class struggle has been replaced by a worldview that recognizes the importance of shared interests.