Suchergebnisse

В рецензируемой монографии представлению об экономике и государстве как о самостоятельных общностях, каждая из которых функционирует согласно собственным основополагающим принципам, противопоставляется институциональный подход, раскрывающий их содержательную взаимосвязь. Предложенному авторами книги видению присущи системность взгляда и соответствие более общему социологическому направлению анализа хозяйственных явлений. Нина Бандей и Элизабет Соверс, следуя интеллектуальной традиции К. Поланьи, рассматривают экономику как институционально оформленный процесс, фокусируясь на роли государства в нём. Авторы книги обращаются к центральным объектам современной экономической и политической системы (правам собственности и деньгам), её принципиально важным субъектам (работникам и организациям) и высокозначимым макропроцессам (развитию и глобализации). Выбранный авторами институциональный подход К. Поланьи, с одной стороны, открывает возможность для системного рассмотрения взаимосвязи экономики и государства, но, с другой стороны, позволяет лишь фрагментарно анализировать хозяйственные явления на микроуровне. Настоящая рецензия начинается с критического изложения основных идей Н. Бандей и Э. Соверс, касающихся последних достижений экономической социологии в области изучения государственного регулирования хозяйства, в том числе его ключевых сфер земельных, трудовых и кредитно-денежных отношений. Далее, вслед за авторами книги мы выходим на макроуровень анализа, рассматривая институциональное оформление экономики и роль государства в данном процессе. Вопросы государственного регулирования отдельных рынков, как правило, находятся вне фокуса изучения Н. Бандей и Э. Соверс, поэтому опорой для освещения этих аспектов в рецензии являются работы других исследователей. Следуя логической структуре рецензируемой монографии, мы завершаем свой текст обсуждением роли национальных государств в глобальной экономике. ; The book Economy and State: A Sociological Perspective written by Nina Bandelj and Elizabeth Sowers opposes an economy-state dualism approach to economy-state embeddedness theories. Bandelj and Sowers follow Polanyi's intellectual tradition and analyze the economy as instituted process focusing on the roles of the state. This book explores such fields of interest as property (the state's role in capitalist and socialist economies), money (the state's role in monetary policy, government spending, and taxation), labor (the state's role in redistribution and employment), firms (the state's role in business and industry governance), development (the state's role in advancing economic prosperity), and international and global economy (the state's role in managing the territorial boundaries of economic transactions). Markin argues that the institutional approach that Bandelj and Sowers chose as a core approach for their book is very fruitful for macro-analysis but it is not very appropriate for micro-analysis. In his review, Markin focuses on the roles of the state in turning land, labor and capital into "fictitious commodities" and the state's role in the social construction of economic institutions. As Bandelj and Sowers do not provide a micro-analysis of state regulation of markets, Markin discusses these issues with help of the papers written by other scholars.

Section Thématique 33 Les acteurs politiques face à la crise : entre « volontarisme » et « contraintes » dans les politiques publiques ; International audience ; Depuis quelques années, la sociologie de l'Etat est traversée par un débat qui porte sur la pertinence du paradigme wébérien qui est à l'origine de son développement (King, Le Gales, 2011). Différents auteurs, venus souvent de l'analyse des politiques publiques, ont contesté la propension de ce dernier à réduire l'Etat à un ensemble d'institutions nettement différenciées, dirigées par des élites autonomes dont elles assurent elles-mêmes la formation et la sélection (Badie, Birnbaum, 1979). Ils soulignent que ce paradigme n'explique pas comment un Etat réputé faible, comme les Etats-Unis, peut mettre en oeuvre des politiques fortes dans un certain nombre de secteurs d'action publique (Lieberman, 2002 ; King, Lieberman, 2009a). Ni comment les politiques publiques sont effectivement produites au sein des Etats contemporains réputés forts comme la France (Lascoumes, Legales, 2007 ; Hassenteufel, 2008). Ce débat porte essentiellement sur ce qui fait la force de l'Etat au sein des sociétés contemporaines. Mais aussi sur la viabilité de la distinction traditionnelle entre Etat fort et Etat faible (Baldwin, 2005). Il s'appuie en partie sur la distinction faite par M. Mann entre « pouvoir despotique » et « pouvoir infra-structurel » de l'Etat (Mann, 1984, 1993). Pour le sociologue britannique, le premier renvoie aux types d'actions que les élites d'Etat peuvent entreprendre sans négociation routinisée ou institutionnalisée avec les groupes de la société civile tandis que le second concerne les capacités de l'Etat à pénétrer la société civile et à mettre en oeuvre des décisions politiques sur son territoire (Mann, 1984, p. 113). En reprenant ces deux notions, il s'agit pour les auteurs qui s'en inspirent d'apprécier dans quelle mesure l'existence d'institutions politiques ou administratives fortement différenciées de leur environnement politique et social constitue une condition à la fois nécessaire et suffisante à la force de cet Etat. Sans prétendre vouloir trancher ce débat sur les structures de l'Etat ou ses recompositions contemporaines, le présent article vise à en souligner les apports pour l'analyse des élites qui soutiennent son action, désignées ci-après comme les « Elites d'Etat ». Son propos est de mettre en évidence ce que l'essor du pouvoir infrastructurel évoqué par M. Mann — lié au développement de la démocratie et la diversification des formes d'interventions publiques à partir du XIX° siècle — a modifié au rapport de ces élites à l'Etat. Il avance que si ce rapport ne saurait se réduire à la simple défense des institutions de l'Etat et de leur autonomie à l'égard de leur environnement politique et social, il n'exclut pas un soutien au rôle de la puissance publique vis-à-vis de ce dernier.

The protection of family and equality are human rights established in a number of international instruments as well as the Political Constitution of Colombia, these however no place for people of the same sex who decided to have a family, since at present, moral and religious concepts have prevented this kind of family to exist. This article seeks to analyze and support the need for a conceptual and constitutional change regarding the protection of human rights of same-sex couples who decide to have a family, given the opposing positions, in order to defend the thesis that the institution of marriage for same-sex couples should be supported on a new constitutional notion of article 42 of the Constitution, to henceforth change the rules implementing that article. ; La protección de la familia y la igualdad son derechos humanos consagrados en un sinnúmero de instrumentos internacionales y en la Constitución Política de Colombia, que en nuestro país no tienen cabida para aquellas personas del mismo sexo que deciden conformar una familia, pues en la actualidad, con conceptos de orden moral y religioso se ha impedido esta forma de familia. El presente artículo pretende analizar y sustentar la necesidad de un cambio conceptual y constitucional respecto a la protección de los derechos humanos de las parejas del mismo sexo que decidan configurar una familia, teniendo en cuenta las posiciones contrarias con el fin de defender la tesis de que la institución del matrimonio para parejas del mismo sexo, debe soportarse en una nueva noción constitucional del artículo 42 de la Carta Política para poder, en adelante, modificar las normas que desarrollan dicho artículo. ; A protecção da família e a igualdade são direitos humanos consagrados em uma série de instrumentos internacionais e na Constituição Política da Colômbia, que no nosso país não tem lugar para pessoas do mesmo sexo que decidam formar uma família, uma vez que, actualmente, por causa de conceitos de ordem moral e religiosa este tipo de família tem algumas restrições para poder formar-se. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar e apoiar a necessidade de uma mudança conceitual e constitucional relativa à protecção dos direitos humanos dos casais do mesmo sexo, que decidam criar uma família, tendo em conta as posições opostas a fim de defender a tese de que a instituição do casamento para casais do mesmo sexo deve ser apoiada numa nova noção constitucional do artigo 42 da Constituição para mudar de agora em diante as regras de execução do referido artigo.

In recent decades the use of plastics and rubbers in the leather goods and footwear industry has showed a remarkable increase, establishing a strong dependencebetween these economic activities. This work presents a prospective study for the plastics and rubber industry as provider for the leather goods and footwear industry, since such studies have been recognized as valid tools for organizations to design their action plans, regardless if companies, associations, research centers or government agencies, carry out planning. Professionals from different types of institutions, both national and international, were consulted by applying the Delphi methodology. Structural analysis was carried out to identify the main factors thatwill be key to the success of the plastics and rubbers industry related to leather goods and footwear industry. Twenty six key success factors grouped into seven types of strategies were identified. The results suggest that the three strategies with greater impact in the future of plastics and rubber industry are personnel training, technological development in the field of materials and manufacturingprocesses, and modernization of the organizations. Several mythological issues had to be taken in account in order to gather and analyze data in this type of studies.Our results differ from the most cited factors pointed out by experts, as key factors for success in this industry. ; En las últimas décadas ha aumentado significativamente el uso del plástico y el caucho en el sector cuero, calzado y marroquinería, estableciéndose una relación de interdependencia entre ambas actividades económicas. Este trabajo presenta un estudio prospectivo para la industria del plástico y el caucho que provee al sector cuero, calzado y marroquinería, dado que este tipo de estudios han sido reconocidos como referentes válidos para que empresas, gremios, centros de investigación y entes gubernamentales diseñen sus planes de acción. Los expertos consultados representan a entidades nacionales e internacionales, se aplicó la metodología Delphi y análisis estructural para identificar los principales factores que serán claves para el éxito del sector plástico y caucho relacionado con la industria del cuero, calzado y marroquinería. En total se identificaron veintiséis factores claves de éxito, agrupados en siete estrategias transversales; destacándose la calificación del personal, el desarrollo tecnológico en lo relacionado con materiales y procesos de manufactura y la modernización organizacional, como las tres estrategias transversales con mayor impacto en el futuro de la industria del plástico y el caucho. Durante el proceso de obtención y análisis de la información se encontraron aspectos que se deben tener en cuenta en este tipo de estudios, resaltando además que los factores más citados por los expertos no coinciden con los identificados en el análisis prospectivo como claves para el éxito del sector.

International audience ; Housing policies have been at the very core of the national ideology of Singapore since the time of independence in 1965. The task of providing a flat to citizens and permanent residents thanks to the efforts of a public institution has not only been one of pragmatic realism, or an aspect of the application of economic theories pertaining to the sphere of developmentalism, it also constituted a central feature in the collective project of a City-State in which social engineering was conceived as a global duty of the ruling party and comprised various aspects of the organization of everyday life, from urban planning to housing or from education to leisure and civic engagement. With about 80% of the population (5.5 million inhabitants in 2015) housed in flats built by the Housing and Development Board ( HDB), Singapore remains in 2015, in spite of the recent diversification of the housing market, one of the cities in the world in which the share of population housed in publicly built estates is the highest. 95% of the inhabitants of Singapore that are housed in such HDB flats, though, own them on a 99-year lease agreement. In the stronghold of capitalism in South-East Asia, social housing was conceived, since the time of independence, as a way to reinforce private property and the familial values that are attached to it. The object of the present paper is to analyze the evolution of this ideology of social housing in Singapore from the moment of the invention of the HDB as an instrument of national development and social balance to the period of the necessary adaptation of this heritage to the new needs that emerged twenty years after independence and up to more recent challenges posed by the concurrence of alternative models and social imaginaries of housing, such as those embodied by condominiums. ; A Singapore la questione dell'abitare è stata al centro delle politiche pubbliche sin dal periodo del self government nel 1959. Il modello scelto è stato quello della costruzione massiccia di new towns da parte dell'Housing and Development Board (hdb) per alloggiare la popolazione in appartamenti venduti ai beneficiari grazie ad un sistema di prestiti sovvenzionati. Il modello ha conosciuto nel tempo varie riforme ma lo spirito iniziale è sempre rimasto percepibile. A partire dall'inizio del nuovo secolo, tuttavia, una maggiore apertura del mercato immobiliare agli attori privati ha rimesso in questione la logica stessa del sistema pubblico. L'articolo analizza l'impatto della riforma sulle culture dell'abitare, tra rischio di rottura negli equilibri locali di un'urbanità concepita attorno a una visione relativamente egualitaria delle politiche edilizie

Статья посвящена критически важной, по мнению автора, проблеме этического регулирования служебного поведения государственных служащих. Он рассматривает комплекс этико-правовых механизмов как один из наиболее эффективных в современных условиях путей преодоления очевидно неблагополучного положения, сложившегося в данной сфере общественной жизни. Поскольку это не только российская проблема и этическим аспектам уделяется большое внимание во многих странах, автор рассматривает ситуацию с более широких теоретических позиций, а также обращается к международному опыту. В частности, наибольшее внимание уделено Канаде, где этическое регулирование государственной службы значительно развито и где в этом отношении достигнуты большие успехи. Этические кодексы рассматриваются как «моральные навигаторы» в современном усложнившемся мире, поскольку жизнеспособность и легитимность политической системы страны во многом зависят от того, насколько государственные институты и высшие должностные лица отвечают господствующим в обществе ценностям и идеалам и соответствует ли их поведение нормам и стандартам общественной морали. От этого зависит степень доверия общества к носителям государственных должностей. В работе подробно анализируются кодексы административной этики разных уровней, а также обеспечивающая их реальное соблюдение «этическая инфраструктура». Особое внимание уделено роли руководителя, а также моральным самоограничениям чиновников и контролю над ними. Отдельно обсуждено соотношение моральных и правовых норм, а также современная российская ситуация в данной области. ; The article is devoted to a critically important, in the author's opinion, issue of the ethical regulation of public servants' official behavior. He considers the complex of ethical-legal mechanisms as one of the most effective ways in order to correct the obviously unsatisfactory current situation of public life in this field. As long as it is not only Russia's trouble and many other countries pay considerable attention to ethical aspects, the author reflects the situation in the frames of a broader theoretical position and also addresses the international experience. In particular, he gives much attention to Canada, where the ethical regulation of public service is developed sufficiently well and the country has achieved serious success in this respect. Ethical codes are considered as «moral navigators» in the contemporary complicated world, because vitality and legitimity of a political system much depends on whether political institutions and behavior of high rank public officials correspond to the prevailed public values and ideals, accord with the norms and standards of public morality, or they do not. A degree of public trust to holders of public posts depends critically on it. The administrative ethical codes of different levels and the «ethical infrastructure» that provide their fulfillment have been thoroughly analyzed. Special attention is paid to the role of the leader, to moral self-restrictions of public servants and to exercising control over them. The balance between moral and legal norms has been considered in details, as well as the modern situation of Russia in this field.

Kako bi bio efikasniji, sigurnosni sustav mora se bazirati na suradnji partnera na lokalnoj, regionalnoj, međunarodnoj i globalnoj razini. Koordinativni pristup multidisciplinarnom sigurnosnom sustavu podrazumijeva zajedničku namjeru, misiju, viziju i ciljeve svih institucija i tijela kojima je dodijeljena uloga u pružanju i očuvanju sigurnosti države i njenog stanovništva. Međuresorna suradnja sigurnosnog sektora predstavlja odnos između dijela ili dijelova različitih sektora društva koji su formirani u svrhu provedbi mjera i aktivnosti vezanih za pitanja sigurnosti. U poslovima sigurnosti veoma je važna međusobna suradnja svih sektora društva. Svrha ovakvog sveobuhvatnog pristupa upravo je osiguranje stabilnosti i sigurnosti. Svaki oblik suradnje podrazumijeva postizanje više razine operativnosti nego što bi se to moglo postići samostalnim djelovanjem. U ovom radu autori će se baviti pitanjima međuresorne suradnje policije, vojske i sigurnosno-obavještajnih agencija. Suvremene asimetrične ugroze ne poznaju nacionalne granice i ne sputavaju ih limitacije u nadležnostima pojedinih resora, poput vojske i policije te je u cilju efikasnog kriznog planiranja, na nacionalnoj razini, potrebno intenzivirati multidisciplinarnu koordinaciju sudionika sigurnosnog sektora. Sukladno navedenom, sigurnosni sustav mora biti u stanju operativnosti kako bi izvršio sve operacije pod jedinstvenom strukturom nadležnosti i kontrole institucija. --- To be effective, security system must be based on co-operation of partners at local, regional, international and global level. Co-ordinated approach to a multidisciplinary security system implies a common purpose, mission, vision and goals of all the institutions and bodies that have been assigned the roles in providing and preserving the security of the state and its population. Intersectoral cooperation of the security sector represents a relationship between part or parts of different sectors of society that are formed for the purpose of implementing the measures and activities related to safety issues. When it comes to the field of security activities the co-operation of all sectors of society is of great importance. The purpose of such comprehensive approach is precisely to ensure stability and security. Any form of cooperation includes the achievement of higher levels of operability than it could be achieved through independent operations. The authors will address issues of intersectoral cooperation of police, military and security intelligence agencies. Modern asymmetrical threats know no national boundaries and are not bound by limitations in the jurisdiction of certain departments, such as the army and police and in the purpose of efficient crisis planning, at the national level, it is necessary to intensify the coordination of multi-disciplinary participants of the security sector. Accordingly, the security system must be in state of operability in order to perform all operations under a single structure of institutional jurisdiction and control.

The Science and Technology Parks have been established as a global phenomenon, due to economic and social development achieved by the countries to implement this system. The aim of this paper is to describe the origin and evolution of the more representative Science and Technology Parks around the world, the role of the Triple Helix model in its development and the viability of these initiatives in Colombia. To obtain this information a literature review was conducted in articles and books published between 2000 and 2015, along with information from national and international policies and own data obtained from surveys. A definition of Science and Technology Park is proposed: an institution with real space with tax benefits where universities and companies are installed to provide specialized services and to develop innovative processes by making use of governmental policies on science and technology. Due to the mandatory interaction between university, industry and government, Science and Technology Parks are an optimal setting for the Triple Helix model application. In the Colombian Caribbean region there are conditions for implementing projects of parks because exist needs in the companies, capacities in the universities and appropriate policies about science, technology and innovation; however, great efforts are required by all the stakeholders to get the implementation of sustainable models. ; Los Parques de Ciencia y Tecnología se han constituido en un fenómeno mundial debido al desarrollo económico y social que han logrado los países al implementar este sistema. El objetivo del presente artículo es describir el origen y evolución de los Parques de Ciencia y Tecnología más representativos del mundo, el papel del modelo Triple Hélice en su desarrollo y la viabilidad de estas iniciativas en Colombia. Para allegar esta información se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en artículos y libros publicados entre los años 2000 y 2015, en conjunto con información de instituciones gubernamentales nacionales e internacionales y datos propios obtenidos a partir de encuestas. Se propone una definición de Parque de Ciencia y Tecnología como una institución que cuenta con espacio inmobiliario con beneficios tributarios, donde se instalan universidades y empresas que, haciendo uso de políticas gubernamentales de ciencia y tecnología, presta servicios especializados y desarrolla procesos de innovación. Dada la necesaria interacción entre la universidad, la industria y el gobierno, los Parques de Ciencia y Tecnología son un escenario óptimo para la aplicación del modelo Triple Hélice. En la Región Caribe colombiana se dan condiciones propicias para poner en marcha proyectos de parques porque existen necesidades en la empresa, capacidades en las universidades y políticas de ciencia, tecnología e innovación apropiadas; sin embargo, se requieren grandes esfuerzos por parte de todos los actores para lograr implementar modelos de operación sustentables.

Yugoslavya'nın dağılması, Soğuk Savaş'ın sona ermesi, uluslararası sistemin yapısı ve işleyişinde köklü değişiklikler sistemde yer alan aktörleri etkilemiştir. Sovyetler Birliği'nin çöküşünden sonra Avrupa Birliği (AB)'nin Doğu Avrupa politikasında köklü bir değişim yaşandı. Aslında bu ülkeler ne demokrasi ne de ekonomi yönünden tam üyeliğe uygun değildir. AB, Doğu ve Batı olarak ikiye ayırmaktadır. "Avrupa coğrafyasının bütününü kapsayan siyasi birlik oluşturulabilmesi için Batı Balkanların süratle AB standartlarına ulaştırılması ve tam üyeliğe alınmaları gerekmektedir. AB'nin bölgeye yönelik temel hedefleri arasında, etnik çatışmaların tekrar başlamaması için tedbir alınması, demokrasinin geliştirilmesi, insan hakları ve demokrasinin korunması, bölge ülkeleri ile Batı Avrupa arasındaki refah farkının kapatılması için pazar ekonomisinin kurulması ve istikrarlı ekonomik politikaların geliştirilmesi gibi hedefler yer almaktadır". Avrupa Birliği Batı Balkan ülkelerinde yaşanan gelişmeler karşısında Orta ve Doğu Avrupa ülkelerine uyguladığı etkin politikaların benzerini ilgili ülkeler için geliştirme konusunda yeterince tutarlı davranmamıştır. Avrupa Birliği gerek mali gerek teknik yardımlarla bölgesel işbirliği, demokratikleşme, sivil toplumun gelişimi ve devlet kurumlarının oluşmasında destek vermiştir. Batı Balkan ülkeleri ile 1999 yılında başlatılan İstikrar ve Ortaklık Süreci AB'nin Batı Balkan ülkelerine ilişkin politikalarının temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Yugoslavya sonrasında ortaya çıkan Balkan ülkelerinin AB ile ilişkileri ve AB'nin Batı Balkan politikaları incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. ; The Breakup of Yugoslavia, end of the Cold War and deep changes which happened in the structure and functions of the International Relations influenced the main actors of the system. After the collapse of the USSR, fundamental changes took place in the policy of the European Union's Eastern European policy. In reality, these states are not eligible to the membership in the terms of not only democracy but also economy. European Union divides Balkans in two parts as East and West. In order to formulate political unity which would include whole European Geography, Western Balkans should meet the key EU membership criteria for accession and get full membership. The crucial objectives of European Union for the Region are to prevent breaking out of ethnic conflicts, development of democracy, protection of human rights and democracy, the establishment of Market Economy for eliminating diversity in welfare among western and regional countries. EU, response to the developments in the Western Balkans countries did not act consistently enough in order to implement such effective policies toward related countries which implemented in Central and Eastern countries. EU supports by the means of financial and technical assistance the regional cooperation, democracy, development of civil society and the formation of government institutions. Actualization of Stability and Association process in 1999 was the basis of the EU's policy for the Western Balkan Countries. In the scope of this work, it is tried to analyze the relationships among the EU and Balkan states which emerged after Yugoslavia and the EU's policies in the Western Balkans.

This research report contributes to a Nordic perspective on co-operation for sustainable destination- and regional development based on studies conducted within a Swedish-Danish Interreg project 2012-2014 (MARIFUS). An introduction chapter with major themes initiates this report followed by five chapters1 written by researchers from Aalborg University, Denmark (Incevida) and University West, Sweden (School of Business, Economics and IT). The purpose of this report is to give deeper nsights in Nordic destination and regional development by empirical case studies. These studies have been presented and discussed at seminars during international scientific conferences within regional science (the 16th Uddevalla Symposium 2013 in Kansas City, USA and the 17th Uddevalla Symposium 2014 in Uddevalla, Sweden) organized by University West. The contributions are nterdisciplinary in that sense that they are written by scholars from different scientific disciplines such as business administration, informatics, planning and culture studies. However, all scholars have a destination and/or regional perspective as a point of departure in the case studies conducted. The three-year project offered great opportunities to cross-border learning and applied research in close co-operation (Work integrated learning) with project partners and students.The studies are partly supported by the project MARIFUS "Maritime Inlands – past, present and future strengths" financed by the European Union Regional Development Fund (Interreg IV A). The editors express sincere gratitude to all authors and all partners of the MARIFUS project. ; Denna forskningsrapport bidrar med ett nordiskt perspektiv på samverkan för hållbar destinations och regionalutveckling baserad på studier inom ett svenskt-danskt Interregprojekt 2012-2014 (MARIFUS). Rapporten inleds med ett introduktionskapitel med huvudteman, följt av fem kapitelskrivna av forskare från Ålborgs Universitet, Danmark (Incevida) och Högskolan Väst, Sverige (Institutionen för Ekonomi och IT). Syftet med rapporten är att ge djupare insikter i nordisk destinations- och regionalutveckling genom empiriska fallstudier. Dessa studier har presenterats och diskuterats vid seminarier vid internationella vetenskapliga konferenser inom regionalvetenskap (16:e Uddevalla Symposiet 2013 i Kansas City, USA och 17: e Uddevalla Symposiet 2014 i Uddevalla, Sverige) som anordnades av Högskolan Väst. Bidragen är tvärvetenskapliga då de är skrivna av forskare från olika vetenskapliga discipliner såsom företagsekonomi, informatik, planering och kulturvetenskap. Alla forskare har emellertid ett destinations- och/eller regionalt perspektiv som utgångspunkt i fallstudierna som genomförts. Det treåriga projektet erbjöd goda möjligheter tillgränsöverskridande lärande och tillämpad forskning i nära samarbete (Arbetsintegrerat lärande) med projektpartners och studenter. Studierna genomfördes med bidrag från projektet MARIFUS "Maritime Inlands – past, present and future strengths" som delfinansierades av Europeiska Unionens Regionala Utvecklingsfond (Interreg IV A). Redaktörerna vill slutligen framföra tack till författarna och alla partners i MARIFUS-projektet

Politische Fragen (Issues). Politische Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen. Meinungsbildung im Wahlkampf.

Themen:
Politisches Interesse; Demokratiezufriedenheit; Wahlbeteiligungsabsicht (Bund, LTW); Beabsichtigte und Hypothetische Stimmabgabe (Bund, LTW); Wichtigste nationale Probleme und Lösungskompetenz; Sympathie-Skalometer für ausgewählte Parteien (CDU, CSU, SPD, Die Linke, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen, FDP, AfD), Spitzenpolitiker (Angela Merkel, Sigmar Gabriel, Gregor Gysi, Katrin Göhring-Eckardt, Horst Seehofer, Christian Linder, Bernd Lucke, Cem Özdemir, Andrea Nahles) und die Pegida Bewegung; Zufriedenheit mit den Leistungen der aktuellen Bundesregierung; Zufriedenheit mit den Leistungen der einzelnen Regierungsparteien (CDU, CSU, SPD); Zufriedenheit mit den Leistungen der einzelnen Oppositionsparteien (Die Linke, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen); Einschätzung (retrospektiv, aktuell, prospektiv) und Verantwortlichkeit der eigenen wirtschaftlichen Lage; Links-Rechts-Einstufung der Parteien und des Befragten; Wahrgenommener Unterschied zwischen Regierungen; Wahrgenommener Unterschied zwischen Parteien; Einschätzung (retrospektiv, aktuell, prospektiv) und Verantwortlichkeit der allgemeinen und regionalen wirtschaftlichen Lage in Deutschland; Aussagen zur Finanz-/Wirtschaftskrise und zum Euro; Politisches Wissen (5% Hürde, Arbeitslosigkeit); Wahlberechtigung, Wahlteilnahme, Wahlentscheidung BTW 2013, LTW; Emotionen zum internationalen Terrorismus, zum Konflikt in der Ukraine (Angst, Intensität); Gespräche über Politik (allgemein, Europa); Netzwerkgröße; Parteiwahl (Netzwerke, Freunde und Familie, Gespräche über Politik in Netzwerk (Allg., Konsens)); Gründe für das (vollständige) Fehlen von Netzwerken bestimmter Parteiwähler; Einschätzung der Wahlbeteiligung in Nachbarschaft, Bekanntenkreis; Issuebatterie (Einwanderer, Besetzung Aufsichtsräte, Staat und Wirtschaft, Regierungsmaßnahmen, Deutschland in europäischer Schuldenkrise, Volksentscheid, Energieversorgung, Gleichgeschlechtliche Ehen, Steuern, Arbeitslose, Gebote Gottes, Internetkontrolle, D-Mark); Wichtigste Informationsquelle; Nutzung von Tageszeitung (Bild-Zeitung, Frankfurter Rundschau, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Süddeutsche Zeitung, die tageszeitung, Die Welt, Online Zeitung, andere Tageszeitung); Nutzung von Printmedien, Wochenzeitung Online Ausgabe (Der Spiegel, Focus, Stern, Die Zeit); Nutzung von Printmedien, Wochenzeitung (Der Spiegel, Focus, Stern, Die Zeit); Nutzung von Nachrichtensendungen verschiedener Fernsehsender (Tagesschau/Tagesthemen (ARD), Heute/Heute Journal (ZDF), RTL Aktuell, Sat.1 Nachrichten, Pro 7 Newstime); Internetnutzung allgemein und zur politischen Information; Internetnutzung spezifische Seiten; Sonntagsfrage LTW; Lebenszufriedenheit; Vertrauen; Hilfsbereitschaft; Faires Verhalten; Gerechtigkeitseinstellungen (Mindestlebensstandard, Einkommensobergrenze, Ausbildung für Kinder von Besserverdienern, Berufsansehen, Gewinne von Unternehmern, berufliche Verantwortung nur bei zusätzlicher Bezahlung, Chancengleichheit, Leistungsbelohnung, jeder bekommt was er zum Leben braucht); Schuldenkrise (Angst, Hauptschuld, Betroffenheit, Zufriedenheit); Vertrauen in Institutionen (Europäisches Parlament, Europäische Zentralbank, Bundesverfassungsgericht, Bundestag, Bundesregierung, Landesregierung, Landesparlament); Vertrauen in Politiker und Medien (Europapolitiker/innen, Bundespolitiker/innen, Landespolitiker/innen); Einstellungen zu Politik und Gesellschaft (Politische Fragen sind schwer verständlich, Parteien wollen nur Wählerstimmen, Probleme sind zu kompliziert für Politik, Sozialismus ist eine gute Idee, Welt ist unübersichtlich, Wählen ist Bügerpflicht); Parteiidentifikation (Stärke, Dauer); Häufigkeit Besuch Gottesdienst; subjektive Schichtzugehörigkeit


zusätzlich vercodet wurde:
Studiennummer; GESIS Archiv Version; Digital Object Identifier; Erhebungsjahr; Erhebungszeitraum; GLES-Komponente; Erhebung/Welle; Laufende Nummer; Genutzter Browser; Installation von Javascript; Smartphone-Nutzung; Start-/Endzeitpunkt des Interviews; Unterbrechung der Befragung; Interviewdauer; Zeitunterschreiter-Index; Itemfolge t445 ff; Gewichte; BIK-Regionsgrößenklasse; Wahlkreis (Electoral District)


Demographie:
Herkunft nach Ost-/Westdeutschland; Geschlecht; Alter; Schulabschluss; Bundesland; Organisationsmitgliedschaft (Gewerkschaft, Unternehmer-/Arbeitgeberverband, Berufsvereinigung/-verband, Bauern- bzw. Landwirtschaftsverband, Religiöse/Kirchliche Gruppe, Sport-/Hobbyverein, Umweltschutzgruppe, Globalisierungskritische Gruppe (z.B. ATTAC), Frauenorganisation, Partei); Familienstand; Partnerschaft; Haushaltsgröße; Alter der Haushaltsmitglieder; Berufliche Bildung; Erwerbstätigkeit (aktuell, früher); Angst vor Stellenverlust; Beruf (aktuell, früher); Beschäftigungssektor (aktuell, früher); Bildung des Partners ; Erwerbstätigkeit des Partners; Arbeitslosigkeit des Partners; Arbeitsplatzwechsel des Partners; Religionszugehörigkeit; Deutsche Staatsbürgerschaft; Geburtsland (Ego, Mutter, Vater); Haushaltsnettoeinkommen; Dauer der Fragebeantwortungen

This presentation focuses on the challenges and practical issues faced each day by orphans of the HIV epidemic and the holistic care that can be provided, as they continue to grow from toddlerhood to adolescence and beyond. An HIV Research Trust Scholarship enabled me to spend quality time in a sub‐Saharan African province worst hit by the HIV epidemic and to interact with local experts and learn from mutual clinical experience. It was an immensely useful exercise as the clinical spectra of the diseases are very similar to ours and they have ongoing active research programs very relevant to our setting. India is arguably home to the largest number of orphans of the HIV epidemic. The responsibility of caring for orphaned children overwhelms and pushes many extended families beyond their ability to cope. Many countries are experiencing large increases in the number of families headed by women and grandparents, or even young children. These households are often unable to meet basic needs, and so the number of children living on the streets is rising. Orphaned children are disadvantaged in many devastating ways. In addition to the trauma of witnessing the sickness and death of one or both parents and perhaps siblings, they lack the necessary parental guidance through crucial life‐stages of identity formation and transition into adulthood. They are more likely to suffer damage to their cognitive and emotional development and be subjected to; exploitation in terms of labour, social exclusion, extreme economic uncertainty, physical and sexual abuse, illiteracy, malnutrition and illness. Education remains a distant dream. With stigma and discrimination, they lack legal protection, lose inheritance rights, access to essential services available to other community members and professional help from doctors, teachers and lawyers. The implications for these unfortunate children are extraordinarily grave but governments, international agencies, non‐governmental organizations, schools, other community groups and individuals can still alter the course of the crisis. The Committed Communities Development Trust (CCDT) is a voluntary secular Trust, reaching out to 300,000 people annually, focusing intensively on children affected and infected by HIV/AIDS, mainly orphans, child headed families, children living in street situations, brothels, institutions and children at risk of drug addiction, abuse and exploitation in Mumbai. We run several comprehensive HIV/AIDS programmes addressing issues of prevention, care, support, education, awareness, empowerment, training and research through strongly structured home‐based care programs, community based programs and temporary residential shelters. The CCDT recognizes and understands the daunting challenges these children face and helps them overcome these as a team by providing comprehensive care and support, giving them an opportunity in life and enabling them to become productive citizens of tomorrow.

Introducción: La Organización Internacional del Trabajo es un organismo que realiza propuestas y recomendaciones enfocadas a mejorar la calidad de vida de las y los trabajadores, evidenciando las condiciones deficientes de trabajo y enfatiza sobre la importancia de que todo ser humano tenga acceso a un Trabajo Decente, el cual es un concepto con profundos marcos éticos que busca la justicia social. Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre las implicancias del trabajo de Enfermería en relación al Concepto de Trabajo Decente. Desarrollo: El término Trabajo Decente surge como respuesta a la situación de creciente desprotección de los trabajadores(as), principalmente de los jóvenes, las mujeres y los más pobres. La Enfermería como profesión conformada en su mayoría por mujeres, se enfrenta a múltiples riesgos laborales, que la convierten en la profesión sanitaria con mayores riesgos a la salud, pero no en la mejor remunerada, ni en la más reconocida socialmente alrededor del mundo. Consideraciones finales: El Trabajo Decente implica salarios competitivos, seguridad social, globalización equitativa, formación, equidad de género, libre de riesgos, con derechos laborales e igualdad. Los profesionales de Enfermería, las Instituciones de Salud y los Gobiernos, deben reconsiderar las condiciones de trabajo y los múltiples riesgos adicionados a la labor de las Enfermeras, para hacer que la Enfermería cumpla con todas las características de un trabajo decente, fomentando la prevención de riesgos laborales e incentivando con mejores salarios y condiciones de trabajo en general, para mejorar la calidad de vida laboral de las Enfermeras y Enfermeros. ; ABSTRACT Introduction: The International Labor Organization encourages improvement in the quality of life for workers, highlighting poor working conditions and promoting Decent Work for all. Objective: To reflect on the implications of the work of nursing in relation to the concept of Decent Work. Development: Decent Work responds to the increasing vulnerability of workers, mainly young people, women and the poor. Nursing as a profession is made up mostly of women, faces multiple occupational hazards, including psychosocial risk factors, biological, physical, chemical and ergonomic, which means that this health care profession has higher health risks, is not the best paid job, nor is well recognized socially around the world. Conclusion: Decent Work involves competitive salaries, social security, fair globalization, education, gender equality, low risk, with labor rights and fairness. Nursing professionals, health institutions and governments should reconsider attending to the multiple risks that are faced in any hospital to make nursing work comply with all the features of Decent Work, promoting the reduction of occupational hazards and providing better salaries and working conditions in general to all nurses and improving the quality of their working life.

The topic presented might – at first glance - seem to be too regionally focused but is in fact deeply rooted in the present EU and the worldwide economic and financial crisis, reaching far beyond Austria's borders. Meanwhile, more than 1,000 Austrian communities of a total of 2,358 (1998) have failed to achieve a balanced communal budget. The reasons for this unpleasant situation are manifold and, as the recent national and international banking scandals have shown, they have even been caused by criminal activities (high-risk speculations, corruption, etc.), the lack in skills and qualifications of party-politicians, nepotism, etc. All these failures have evoked broad interest in Austria's mass-media for more than two years now. However, we must not forget that there are a lot of other reasons, structural in nature, for the financial crisis of so many Austrian communities. Among these structural reasons, one must first mention the small size of the majority of Austria's communes. More than one quarter of them have less than 1,000 inhabitants, and there are still many with below 500 citizens. In such small communities administration is simply inefficient. Another reason for the communal crisis must be seen in various prestige projects (sports grounds, spas, etc.) but also in the costs of maintenance and administration of hospitals, schools, kindergartens, fire brigades, etc.), and in the support and subvention of other social institutions. The paper discusses administrative reform as one tool in fighting against the present communal crisis, which quite often ends up in communal marginality. ; Na prvi pogled može se učiniti da je tema problematizirana u ovom radu regionalnoga karaktera, no ustvari je duboko ukorijenjena u trenutačnu ekonomsku i financijsku krizu te nadilazi granice Austrije. Više od tisuću austrijskih općina od ukupno 2358 (1998. godine) ne uspijeva ostvariti uravnotežen općinski proračun. Razlozi za takvu situaciju višestruki su, a nedavni nacionalni i međunarodni bankarski skandali pokazuju da su dijelom povezani i s kriminalnim aktivnostima (visokorizične spekulacije, korupcija i sl.), manjkom sposobnosti i vještina političara, nepotizmom i sl. Svi ti neuspjesi pokazali su se vrlo zanimljivima austrijskim medijima, međutim ne treba zaboraviti da mnogi drugi, strukturni problemi utječu na financijsku krizu austrijskih općina, među kojima je važna i njihova veličina. Tako više od četvrtine austrijskih općina broji manje od tisuću stanovnika, a postoji i značajan broj općina s manje od petsto stanovnika. U tako malim jedinicama lokalne samouprave administracija je neučinkovita. Razlog leži i u raznim tzv. prestižnim projektima poput toplica i sportskih dvorana, ali i u održavanju bolnica, vrtića i vatrogasnih društava i upravljanju njima te subvencioniranju drugih institucija. U radu se problematizira administrativna reforma kao mjera suzbijanja krize koja često završava marginalizacijom lokalnih jedinica samouprave.

Публикуемые материалы отражают работу Международного круглого стола «Русское крестьянство и Первая мировая война», который состоялся 11 апреля 2014 г. в Москве, в Российском обществе историков-архивистов. Круглый стол был организован в соответствии с программой научного проекта «Народ и власть: История России и ее фальсификации». Материалы включают в себя выступления более 30-ти ученых, представляющих научные журналы, научно-исследовательские организации и высшие учебные заведения России, Беларуси, Украины. Помимо докладов, в материалах представлена наиболее содержательная часть дискуссии, которая состоялась между этими специалистами. Дискуссия касалась преимущественно различных аспектов взаимодействия крестьянства и власти, крестьянства и политических партий Российской империи в условиях Первой мировой войны, а также в ходе последовавших за ней событий, в том числе революции 1917 г. и Гражданской войны. Обсуждение носило междисциплинарный характер, использовались многие актуальные подходы и стратегии современного социального и гуманитарного знания: историко-антропологические, социокультурные, социально-психологические, геополитические, демографические, экономические, социологические, политологические, методы истории повседневности и другие. Особое внимание было уделено изменениям, произошедшим в традиционном крестьянском образе жизни и крестьянском сознании в результате военных, модернизационных и революционных новаций. Также были обсуждены трансформация традиционного сельского общества в революционные массы, милитаризация крестьянского мира, эмансипация крестьянских женщин, социальные девиации, эскалация старых и новых конфликтов на селе. Все это, по мнению участников круглого стола, привело к формированию в России новой социальной и политической реальности, чреватой революцией. ; The article covers the work of the International Round Table "Russian Peasantry and World War I" which was held on the 11th of April in Moscow by the Russian Association of Historians and Archivists. The round table was organized within the framework of the research project "The People and Power: Russian History and its Falsifications". The proceedings include papers presented by more than 30 scholars from research journals, research institutions and universities of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. They also cover the essential content of the discussions held by the experts mostly dealing with different aspects of interaction between the peasantry and the authority, between the peasantry and political parties of the Russian Empire during World War I and in the aftermath of the war, including the revolution of 1917. The discussion was of interdisciplinary character, with many modern approaches and strategies in social science and humanities being applied, such as historical and anthropological, socio-cultural, socio-psychological, geopolitical, demographic, economic, sociological, politological, etc. A special attention is paid to changes which occurred in the peasants' lifestyle and in their consciousness as a result of military, modernizing and revolutionary novelties. Also the discussion involved the transformation of traditional rustic society into revolutionary masses, the militarization of peasantry, the emancipation of peasant women, social deviation, the escalation of old and new conflicts in the countryside. All this was said to have brought about a new political reality fraught with a revolution.