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The author treats the topic of AIDS as a focal point for artistic politics in the United States and, eventually, in a larger international context as well. He considers a range of representations of AIDS in contemporary art since the 1980s & considers how AIDS became a pivotal point around which thinking about artists' activism & art as social intervention turned. He discusses AIDS as a paradigmatic case for a new global, biopolitical, & mediatized cultural phenomenon that bore with it a new ensemble of political, moral, & economic effects, in turn profoundly affecting conceptions of aesthetics & activist art. In the latter part of the essay, he develops a typology of strategies utilized by artists in addressing the problem of AIDS: 1) transcoding strategies; 2) media critiques and/or critiques of culture industry representations of AIDS; 3) alternative publicity; 4) AIDS exemplars; & 5) strategies of mourning & memoralization. Adapted from the source document.

Kurzer Abriss der Geschichte der deutsch-türkischen Beziehungen; die Beziehungen der Türkei zur BRD innerhalb der NATO und im Hinblick auf die EG; das Gastarbeiterproblem. (Frz)

Die gegenwärtigen Probleme in den türkisch-deutschen Beziehungen im Zusammenhang mit der ökonomischen Krise und den wirtschaftlichen Verflechtungen in der EG. (Frz)

Die Einschätzung des Staatsministers Sermet Pasin über den gegenwärtigen Stand der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Beziehungen nach einer Konferenz über deutsch-türkische Zusammenarbeit Anfang Juli in Istanbul. (Frz)

Öğretim programlarında "okuryazarlık" kavramı kapsamında becerilere yer verilmektedir. Bu becerilerden biri de sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programında yer verilen politik okuryazarlık becerisidir. Politik okuryazarlık becerisi temelde bireylerin topluma aktif katılımını sağlamayı, kendilerini özgürce ifade etmelerini, haklarını bilmelerini ve savunmalarını amaçlayan bir beceridir. İnsan sosyal bir varlık olup, çevresiyle sürekli etkileşim halinde olduğundan politik okuryazarlık becerisinin gerektirdiği niteliklere sahip olmalıdır. Bu araştırmada da bireylerin politik okuryazarlık kapsamındaki niteliklere ne ölçüde sahip olduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma, öğretmen adaylarının politik okuryazarlık becerilerini ölçmek amacıyla yapılmış olan betimsel bir araştırmadır. Çalışmanın araştırma grubunu 2021-2022 yılı eğitim - öğretim döneminde bir üniversitede öğrenim gören sekiz farklı bölümdeki toplam 279 dördüncü sınıf öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın kapsamına uygun olarak "Politik Okuryazarlık Ölçeği" veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmış ve öğretmen adaylarına çevrimiçi olarak uygulanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda öğretmen adaylarının politik okuryazarlık becerilerinin "katılıyorum" düzeyinde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının bölümlerine, medyadan siyasetçi paylaşımlarına ve siyasi haberleri takip etme durumlarına göre politik okuryazarlık beceri düzeyleri arasında anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Eritrea becoming independent, with the consent of Ethiopia, was considered a unique event on a continent that has experienced so many wars about the right to self-rule. However there are elements in Ethiopia's political mosaic that can never accept Eritrea independence. ... From the historical point of view there should be no doubt that the territory of today's Eritrea was a part of Ethiopians' kingdoms. However for more than 60 years since 1890 Eritrea was under the foreign rule. Eritrea was federated to Ethiopia in 1952, but when in 1962 the federation was dissolved and the province was annexed by Haile Selassie, guerrilla war broke out and continued also during the dictatorship of M. H. Mariam (1974-1991). ... He two countries are among the poorest in Africa, but both Ethiopia and Eritrea are reportedly engaged in buying as much arms as their poor economies can afford from countries such as Russian Federation, China, Bulgaria, and the Ukraine. ... Both countries have close military relationships with the United States and Israel who have a strategic interest in keeping them as stable allies close to the Arabian peninsula and bordering Sudan. ... The International community calls for an end to the border war between Ethiopia and Eritrea. The United Nations, the European Union, African leaders and U.S. government have aIl pleaded for restraint and immediate stop of military confrontation. ... In reality, neither side seems interested abandoning the military option for resolving the border issue. (SOI : MO: S. 46-48)

Each State manifests its life's interest to participate actively at internation relations. The United Nations Charter, especially its Articles 1 and 2 - Purposes and Principles, must be considered as the necessary foundation for recent international relations. These articles of the Charter of the United Nations establish universally reorganized principles and norms regulating international intercourse of States of the Family of Nations at the end of XX. as well as at the beginning of XXI. centuries. There are some differences as for the creation of the such rule of behaviours and its implementing into the life of international community. The international life is more complicated development of many various events, situations and controversies in the international arena. Such are facts that we should take into our analysis of international relations. The theories on international relations try to give answers on the issues. We underline the importance of international law 5 theory among them. + The Diplomacy is another very important tool in resolving controversies among the States of the contemporary international community. We differ the bilateral diplomacy from the multilateral one. The usual subjects of both diplomacies are the States as well as international organizations. The main sources of the diplomacy should be international law and its branch - the diplomatic law, the international diplomatic law. Whose the main sources are Vienna conventions on diplomatic and consular intercourses. Further, the author tries to clarify the functions of diplomacy in the light of these conventions, especially, besides other the immunities and privileges of the diplomats. By multilateral diplomacy, the author understands the diplomacy implemented by the international organizations and their organs. He differs so-called classic international oragnization based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its members (UNO) from that of integrated structure (EU). The Slovak Republic is a young state and therefore its diplomacy faces many complicated situations after its entry in the international relations. As a new subject of international community Slovakia tries to be active in all fields of international life. The Slovak can fulfill their functions of the Slovak diplomacy at their best. (SOI : MO: S. 305)