Suchergebnisse

A review essay on a book by Lenka A. Rovna, Kdo vladne Britanii? ([Who Governs Great Britain?] Prague, Czech Republic: Sociologicke nakladatelstvi, 2004). References.

This article explores the spatial influences that shape the contemporary Czech party system & their consequences for the institutionalization of the party system. First, the regionalization of the party system is measured to identify the specific regional clusters of votes for individual parties. Second, after controlling for the impact of social cleavages, the independent effect of two macro- regions on the differences in voting decisions is analyzed. In the case of Moravia, no such independent effect is evident. Conversely, in the formerly German- inhabited Sudetenland there is an effect on the vote in the case of two parties (KSCM & ODS). The historical reasons for this spatial regime are briefly discussed. Finally, the relative insignificance of spatial regimes in the Czech party system is explained with reference to its high degree of nationalization (the level of spatial heterogeneity in regional voting results). The author employs spatial analytical techniques in the article, such as measures of spatial autocorrelation, the spatial regression model, & the Gini Index. The findings suggest that there is a high degree of spatial institutionalization of the Czech party system & relatively insignificant contextual effects at the macro- regional level.

Die Autorin ermittelt und legt diskursive Strategien offen, die in der tschechischen «Poslanecká sněmovna» zur Delegitimierung der politischen Gegner eingesetzt werden. Sie dienen dazu, eigene Stellung und Machtressourcen zu sichern und das Ansehen des politischen Rivalen zu schädigen, indem seine professionelle, politische und moralisch Legitimation in Frage gestellt und seine politischen Positionen systematisch untergraben werden. Der theoretische Rahmen der Analyse geht von Erkenntnissen der interaktionellen Pragmatik aus, insbesondere der Ansätze zu (Un)Höflichkeit. Diese sind in diesem Kontext besonders relevant, weil die parlamentarische Interaktion in erster Linie durch Dissens und durch Darstellungen des Selbst- und Fremdbildes erfolgt. Durch die Kombination qualitativer und quantitativer Herangehensweisen bietet die Analyse spannende Einblicke in das politische Reden und Handeln.

The objective of this article is to contribute to the analysis of the factors that influence the educational aspirations of boys & girls in the Czech Republic & vertical inequality in the Czech education system. Drawing on Mateju & Strakova's monograph Unequal Chances in Education, the authors enhance the discussion with a look at the gender aspect of choices of educational trajectory. The authors review existing theories to present the main arguments from research on educational aspirations by gender. They point out the ambiguity of studies to date on the effect of gender in the education system, as they have often arrived at contradictory findings. The authors look at the theories in which the differences in educational aspirations are related to gender & the theoretical & empirical arguments that reject gender as a category for distinguishing educational aspirations. The authors summarize the research to date on gender segregation in the education system, & then offer their own conclusions, based on a secondary analysis of data from the PISA-L in 2003. Their results reveal, in conformity with the analysis by Mateju & Strakova, that while according to these analyses gender does not have an effect on differences in the educational aspirations of boys & girls, it does have an effect on some aspects of the resulting segregation of the education system & thus on a student's choice of secondary school.