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ABSTRACT In this paper, we argue that the role of the Dutch State has been (a) significant in the spread of management knowledge in the Dutch management community but (b) changed dramatically during the nineteen eighties. After the World War II, the Dutch government played an important role in the development of an institutionalized network to spread management knowledge through the management community. The government stimulated the introduction of new ideas by assisting in the development of different new institutions. In the nineteen eighties, however, the position of the government changed dramatically. Its role as distributor of knowledge disappeared almost completely and was taken over by consulting agencies, commercial publisher, and conference organizers. Besides the decreasing role as distributor, the government also changed its own interest. More and more, government agencies started to use management knowledge themselves and turned into one of the largest users in the Netherlands.

As the world has become dependent on digital solutions for development in social, economic and political contexts, countries are categorised regarding the level of digitalisation. In this regard, Internet is an essential element, where digital solutions are reliant on connecting citizens. In Myanmar the transition towards digitalisation has occurred only in recent years. The country has seen a huge change from being one of the least digitalised countries before 2010, to becoming one of the most digitalised developing countries today (Calderaro, 2016; Telenor, 2018). The digital development has contributed to many opportunities, but also several challenges and risks. Internet and social media can contribute to business opportunities, where especially women are becoming more social and economic empowered, but it has also resulted in the spreading of hate speech. In economic terms, Internet access has contributed to economic growth, increased trade and digital financial solutions, but the lack of cyber capabilities and regulations restrict the effectiveness of these improvements. Statistically, Internet access demonstrates a digital progress in Myanmar, with number of Internet users and mobile phone owners continuously rising. Nonetheless, digital divides provide a huge challenge in ensuring universal and affordable access to Internet, where gender, demography and skills are relevant elements. This thesis will discuss how social, economic and political aspects are affected by increased access to Internet in Myanmar, and assess the current situation of Internet, both in relation to the sociotechnical transitions approach. ; submittedVersion ; M-DS

Economic experiments yield lessons to firms that can be acquired only through market experience. Economic experiments cannot take place in a laboratory; scientists, engineers, or marketing executives cannot distill equivalent lessons from simply building a prototype or interviewing potential customers and vendors. The historical record illustrates that economic experiments were important for value creation in Internet access markets. In general, industry-wide returns from economic experiments exceed private returns, with several important exceptions. Those conclusions motivate an inquiry into whether regulatory policy can play a role in fostering the creation of value. The net neutrality debate is reinterpreted through this lens. A three part test is proposed for encouraging economic experiments from both broadband carriers and providers of complementary services.

As of December 2014, there are three billion Internet users worldwide, of which 649 million are Chinese. This number will grow in the years to come. This technology, of course, possesses immense significance in our everyday life. What is currently new in international human rights practice is the trend of discussing Internet access as a potential human right. A BBC poll showed that of twenty-seven thousand interviewees worldwide, almost 80% believed that Internet access should be regarded as a fundamental right. The UN has been putting much effort into the spreading of telecom infrastructure. It also recently issued a report suggesting that Internet access should be regarded as a human right, which might entail intervention against a government that had arbitrarily cut off the Internet access of its citizens. Those proposals demonstrate the importance of the current social context, within which any proposal of Internet access as a fundamental human right has to be evaluated. However, despite the vigorous discussions in the legal-political arena, philosophical studies on the subject are still quite sporadic and preliminary. In this dissertation, I attempt to justify a human right to Internet access by referring to its instrumental value in promoting and protecting democracy. Therefore, I discuss not only the normative idea of democracy, but also how Internet use might contribute to its protection and promotion. The thesis consists of six chapters, dealing with several questions. First, I investigate the empirical evidence relating to Internet access and the protection and promotion of democracy (chapters I and II). Making the assumption that democracy is one of the important human rights, and considering the instrumental value of Internet access for democracy, I try to defend the thesis that Internet access should be seen as a derived human right (chapters III and IV). Since I am particularly interested in the role of Internet access in China, I study the extent to which Confucianism might play a role in ...

Abstract
Counterintuitively, wealthier countries tend to be more vaccine skeptical than poorer countries. One possible explanation—the Online Accessibility hypothesis—posits that internet access facilitates the spread of antivaccine misinformation, particularly for those lower in scientific and medical expert trust. Another explanation—the Out of Sight hypothesis—is that some citizens in richer countries fail to consider the risks of vaccine-preventable diseases because they are rarely experienced directly. Merging country-level data with nationally representative survey data (N = 149,014) from 144 countries, we find evidence for the Online Accessibility hypothesis. These findings are robust to alternate measures of wealth and modeling strategies.

How does mobile internet access affect the desire to emigrate and migration plans? To answer this question, we combine survey data on more than 600,000 individuals from 110 countries with data on worldwide 3G mobile internet rollout. We show that an increase in mobile internet access increases desire to emigrate. This effect is particularly strong for higher-income individuals in low-income countries. We identify three potential mechanisms. Access to the mobile internet lowers the cost of acquiring information and leads to a drop in perceived material well-being and trust in government. Using municipal-level data from Spain, we also document that 3G rollout increased actual migration flows.